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BROWN'S 

BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE 

AND 

MANUAL OF DICTATION. 



ESPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF TEACHERS AND 
STUDENTS OF STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING. 



CONTAINING 

A Collection of Selected Business Letters ; Advice to Students 

of Shorthand and Typewriting; chapters on Punctuation, 

Spelling, and Use of Capital Letters ; together 

with a full and complete spelling list of 

25,000 WORDS. 

ALSO 

Transcripts of Court Testimony, Address to Jury, Judge's Charge, 
and Sentence ; Architect's Specifications ; Copies of Legal 
Papers ; Railroad Lease, First Mortgage, Contracts, 
Prospectus ; Special Exercises for Dictation, 
carefully graded— comprising selec- 
tions from choice literature, 

ETC., ETC. 
BY 



WILLIAM H. BROWN, 






Late Instructor in Stenography 

at the Young Men's Christian Association, 

(harlem branch) 

New York City. 



THIRD EDITION, REVISED. 

NEW YORK: 

EXCELSIOR PUBLISHING HOUSE, 

26 City Hall Place. 



\ 






3 



Copyright, 1892, by 
EXCELSIOR PUBLISHING HOUSE. 



Copyright, 1896, by 
EXCELSIOR PUBLISHING HOUSE. 



PREFACE. 

The demand for a manual of dictation — a book containing 
within itself a variety of selected material for the use of teach- 
ers and students of stenography and typewriting ; a book more 
comprehensive, more broad in its scope, than anything hereto- 
fore published; including not only business letters and legal 
forms (though these are excellent as far as they go), but also 
specimens of actual law reporting and court work, and an as- 
sortment of choice literary selections — has led to the prepara- 
tion of this volume. The conscientious teacher has hitherto 
been restricted, in his search for suitable material for dictation, 
to the collection of a mass of material from newspapers or 
books, which, made up in the form of loose typewritten sheets, 
perhaps, has been more or less bulky and cumbersome, and 
easily lost or torn, while its accumulation has involved much 
trouble and expense, and taken up time that might have been 
employed to better advantage. True, there have been several 
books of business letters published, all more or less excellent ; 
one of them, " Payne's Business Letter Writer," has had a large 
sale for several years past among teachers and students as a 
book of dictation, and right well has it served this purpose. It 
has been felt, however, that something more is needed — that 
the exercises should not be confined to business correspond- 
ence, with its more or less limited vocabulary, but that other 
departments of shorthand work should be represented as well, 
particularly the legal and literary fields ; that the exercises 
should be not only more varied, but somewhat longer, and to a 
greater or less extent progressive in their character, so as to 
furnish proper material for all grades of proficiency. 

It was with this idea in mind that the author entered upon 
the preparation of this volume, realizing from his own experi- 
ence as a teacher the need of such a book, and hoping thereby 

(iii) 



iv PREFACE. 

to provide for those engaged in the teaching of shorthand a 
hand-book of graded exercises such as are likely to be of the 
greatest benefit to the student in his preparation for active 
business. 

No attempt whatever has been made to revise the letters 
contained in this book. They are verbatim copies of actual 
business correspondence, collected from the letter-press copy- 
books of representative houses in New York City and else- 
where. It is needless to say, however, that the names, addresses, 
etc., have purposely been altered in order to disguise and con- 
ceal the source from whence they came, so that any apparent 
absurdities arising from such alterations will be understood 
and pardoned. 

While it is not presumed that these letters are perfectly cor- 
rect or precise examples of good English, they may be taken as 
excellent specimens of actual correspondence in their respective 
branches of business, and for purposes of dictation will be 
found acceptable and valuable. 

I am greatly indebted to the many friends who have assisted 
me in various ways in the preparation of this book. My thanks 
are especially due to Mr. James N. Kimball, whose timely sug- 
gestions and excellent contributions have been highly appreci- 
ated. I also wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Miss E. 
L. Williams, of Janesville, Wis., Mr. John O'Connell, and Mr. 
William H. Atkinson for contributions. Several of my ad- 
vanced pupils in the Young Men's Christian Association, partic- 
ularly Messrs. John Checkley, A. H. Brodhead, and H. M. 
Teets, have rendered valuable service as amanuenses, and to 
them also I desire to return my thanks, as well as to Mr. F. S. 
Blakeslee for similar assistance. 

I sincerely trust that the Manual will prove useful. If it but 
smoothes the pathway of the teacher and student a trifle, the 
time and trouble I have taken in its preparation will not have 
been wasted. 

William H. Brown. 



PREFACE TO REVISED EDITION. 

The very remarkable success of this book, running, as it has, 
through two large editions and now necessitating the publication 
of a third, has shown conclusively that there is a growing demand 
for such a work, and seems to indicate that the book is looked 
upon with favor by those for whose use and benefit it was espe- 
cially intended. The commendations it has received from ex- 
perienced teachers, whose opinions I value very highly, would 
seem to justify this conclusion. 

It was only to be expected that a work which marked an en- 
tirely new departure in the field which this occupies, and the 
preparation of which was undertaken somewhat hastily, and 
frequently interrupted by press of other duties, should be found, 
upon use, susceptible of improvement. Realizing this very 
fully in the present instance, I am the more ready to take ad- 
vantage of the opportunity to make such alterations and addi- 
tions as shall, it seems to me, render the book still more suitable 
for its purpose, — more helpful to the teacher, and more useful 
to the student. 

The revision has been confined mainly, though not wholly, to 
the Literary Selections, Part IV. Very soon after the publica- 
tion of the book, in 1892, it became plainly apparent to me that 
selections of a humorous nature, however excellent, should have 
no place in a work intended for use in the school-room, and that 
it would have been better had they not been used. These selec- 
tions have therefore been eliminated in the present volume, 
and others substituted for them which it is believed will be more 
acceptable from a literary standpoint as well as more suitable 
for dictation purposes. 

The idea of counting the number of words in each exercise 
was unique, and has proven a very popular feature. Some of 

(v) 



VI PREFACE. 

the selections, however, were rather long, and as it is often 
found desirable, in the teaching of shorthand, to make up read- 
ing exercises of moderate length, the longer selections have 
been subdivided into sections, brief enough, in most cases, to 
be written in shorthand characters on one side of an ordinary 
letter or legal size sheet of paper. This subdivision also facili- 
tates the method of practice suggested in Chapter II. 

I thank my friends for the kind words they have said about 
the book. Although fully aware that absolute perfection is 
unattainable, and that opinions differ as to methods, neverthe- 
less I venture to hope that the present volume will be found at 
least an improvement, and that it will serve its purpose as well, 
and meet with the same success and the same degree of favor, 
as has the old one heretofore. 

William H. Brown. 
No. 177 West 95th Street, 

New York, February 26, 1896. 



CONTENTS. 



PART I. 



CHAPTER I. 

PAGE 

Introduction i 



CHAPTER II. 
To Students of Shorthand 4 

CHAPTER III. 
To Students of Typewriting 7 

CHAPTER IV. 
Punctuation , 9 

CHAPTER V. 
Capitals, Marks of Accent, and Underscoring 12 

CHAPTER VI. 

Correct Spelling 14 

(vii) 



vi 11 CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER VII. 

PAGE 

Proper Forms of Address 15 

CHAPTER VIII. 
Abbreviations in Writing and Printing 17 

CHAPTER IX. 
Quotations from the Latin, Greek, etc 21 

CHAPTER X. 

States and Territories, and their Capitals 35 

Cities of the U. S., and their Population 38 

CHAPTER XI. 
Short Rules for Interest and Foreign Money 41 



PART II. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 
Advertising. 

Soliciting advertisement „ . 43 

" " (another) 44 

" 44 

" 45 

" 46 

Answer to solicitation 46 

Asking for rates 47 

Reply tQ s&me .,.«..*, * .,.,.* M , ; , . , . - , , t , , • . , , , M , , "47 



CONTENTS. ix 

Banking. 



PAGE 



Inquiry on price of stocks , 48 

Regarding State Bonds 49 

" (another) 50 

Bankers' letter to foreign correspondent 50 

" " " " (another) 52 

Inquiry on mining stock 54 

Payment of coupons 55 

Report of expert on railroad 55 

Protest against bond issue 57 

Offering bonds for sale 58 

Authorizing draft by correspondent 58 

Desiring correspondent in West Indies 59 

Request for standing, character, etc., of a firm 60 

Reply to same (favorable) 60 

" " (unfavorable) 60 

Enclosing bill of exchange for collection 61 

Declining to negotiate note . . . 61 

Soliciting business in municipal bonds 62 

Reply to same 63 

From gentleman regarding investments 63 

Brokerage. 

Opinion of market 64 

Report on market to customer 65 

Letter to customer 65 

Execution of order - 66 

Order for sale of bonds , 66 

Remitting bonds with draft attached 67 

Report of sale of stock ,....,,.., .,.,,,,,,.,, ,,.,"; £7 



X CONTENTS. 

Brokerage— continued. 



PAGE 



Announcing sale of stock 68 

Broker's daily market report , 68 

" (another) 69 

Financial. 

Stock market report 70 

Financial circular 71 

Requesting banker's credit on pig tin 72 

Advising sale of foreign exchange 73 

Grain. 

Quotations on grain 73 

Requesting delivery of wheat to steamship 74 

Market report 74 

Declining to sell corn at price 76 

Advising immediate purchase of grain 76 

Declining offer of grain jy 

Confirming purchase of corn jy 

Confirming purchase of oats 78 

" (another) 78 

78 

Acknowledging grain order , 79 

Directions for shipment of grain 79 

Making bid for corn 80 

Acknowledging ,bid on corn 80 

- (another) 80 

Order to buy corn 81 

Insurance. 

Soliciting business 81 

Appointment of agent . . . , ,.,,.,,., 82 



CONTENTS. XI 
Insurance — continued. 

PAGE 

Letter of special agent 83 

Acknowledgment of subscription 83 

Instructions to agent 84 

Accident Company soliciting business 86 

Report of agent on a lire risk 86 

Manufacturing. 

Recommendation of machinery 88 

(another) 88 



Soliciting orders for electric light 90 

From paper manufacturer 91 

Quoting prices of paper . . 91 

Delay in shipment of paper 92 

Soliciting orders 92 

Manufacturer to customer 93 

Letter from manufacturer 93 

Acknowledging order 94 

" " (another) ... 94 

From manufacturer of hat blocks 95 

Complaining of non-receipt of samples 95 

Announcing an advance in price 96 

Requesting prompt attention to order 97 

Manufacturer offering goods (velvet) 97 

Order filled by manufacturer " 98 

Sending samples " 98 

Advising of order and shipment (velvet) 99 

Manufacturer to foreign agents 99 

Advising shipment of oil ,. 100 

" " " (another) 101 

t( " « « , 101 



Xll CONTENTS. 

Mercantile. 

PAGE 

Acknowledging order for hosiery 102 

Reply to same 102 

From dealer in dry goods , 103 

Instructions to manufacturer 103 

Report of agents to manufacturers 104 

Declining goods except on commission 105 

" Reply agreeing to proposition 105 

Replying to inquiry on tar 106 

Instructions from coffee dealers 107 

Requesting credit 108 

Granting request for credit 109 

Railroad. 

Regarding claim for losses in wreck no 

Weighing of mails 1 1 1 

Requesting bid for construction of R.R 113 

" " " " (another) 114 

Soliciting bid on railroad equipment \ . 115 

From superintendent on sundry matters 116 

Relation of R.R. to grain elevators 117 

Report of car tracer 118 

Regarding transfer of cars 118 

Superintendent's orders to roadmaster 119 

General freight agent to superintendent 120 

From auditor on distribution of items 121 

Circular to agents 122 

" (another) 123 

General superintendent to roadmaster 124 

To agent, recommending economy . .. 124 

Instructions regarding perishable freight 125 

To car service agent regarding transfers ..,,,., 138 



CONTENTS. Xlll 

Miscellaneous. 



PAGE 



Enclosing check no 

Inquiry as to responsibility 129 

Reply 129 

Shipment of machines 130 

From inspector of boilers 132 

From landlord to his agent 132 

Quoting prices of bicycles 133 

Seeking lost package 134 

Certificate of recommendation 135 

Reply to request for information 135 

Declining remittance 136 

From publishers of reference book 136 

Resenting arbitrary rules 137 

Explaining delay in remitting 138 

Letter of introduction 139 

Objecting to condemnation of land for R.R. 139 

Regarding collection of bad debts 140 

Application for employment 141 

Letter from news agency 142 

Inquiry regarding suspected fraudulent purchases 142 

Reply to same 143 

Denouncing the purchaser as a fraud 143 

To sales agent, reporting non-arrival of goods 144 

Sales agent's reply ,'. 145 

Complaint to railroad of delays in transit 145 



XIV CONTENTS. 



PART III. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

PAGE 

Notice of motion for order 147 

Summons 148 

149 

Affidavit of a creditor 1 50 

Irrevocable power 151 

Assignment of a claim 152 

Acknowledgment of a power of attorney 153 

Bill of sale 153 

Stipulation as to evidence 154 

Order for warrant against judgment debtor 155 

General release 156 

Oath of executor as to accounts 157 

Notice of taking depositions 158 

Deposition 159 

Affidavit 161 

Chattel mortgage 162 

Form of will 164 

" (another) 165 

Bill of exchange 166 

Form of deed 168 

Statement of claim 169 

Form of protest. ... 172 

Receipt for money on account 172 

The verdict , 173 

The sentence 174 



CONTENTS. XV 



PAGE 



Testimony in bank investigation 176 

Checks, their presentation, endorsement, etc 179 

Notes, drafts, etc. .............. .......... . 1 80 

Record of testimony in a trial 181 

Subscription to syndicate 1 82 

Report of testimony 184 

Prospectus of construction company . = ......... 189 

Report of testimony ....... ~ ....... . 191 

Copy of first mortgage bond „ . . 195 

Report of testimony at investigation 197 

Application for habeas corpus for Mrs. Surratt 200 

Carpenter's specifications 203 

Protest by shippers of goods 207 

Charge to jury. 209 

Copy of railroad mortgage 213 

Mr. Porter's argument in Guiteau trial 217 



SHORT FORMS. 

Acknowledgment of deed 160 

Form of negotiable draft 171 

Negotiable note 171 

Receipt for money on account 172 

Promissory note 172 

Joint note. , . . . 178 

Inland bill of exchange 190 

Note, not negotiable 194 

Note, payable at bank '.. . . 216 

Due-bill 216 

How to tell the day of the week 1 50 



XVI CONTENTS. 



PART IV. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 



PAGE 



Wise Words to Young Men Cooper 223 

Good Advice Greeley 224 

Memory 224 

Boys Holmes 225 

Thrift.. 225 

Personal Account-Keeping Greeley 226 

Short Words are Best 227 

A Fatherly Talk 228 

Address at Gettysburg Lincoln 231 

The Old Man and Death 232 

Practical Education Greeley 232 

A Receipt for Success 233 

The Heart's Sorrow 234 

Grandmother's Spectacles Tahnage 234 

Want of Capital Greeley 236 

Faith without Works 237 

Ink 238 

Verses Lowell 238 

The Voyage of Life 239 

The Old Things 239 

The Burial Service 240 

Eating 242 

New England 243 

Love of Country 244 

From Republican Platform : 246 

Solitude Twain 246 

Government Procedure 247 

The Relations of Politics and Letters Enos 248 

The Minute Men of '75 248 

Short Selection. . Shakespeare 249 



CONTENTS. xvil 



Music in Nature .... 249 

No Fear of Death Ingersoll 250 

Reform in Trade 251 

An Appeal to Arms 252 

Power of the Sun Tyndall 254 

The Bell Taylor 255 

School Revisited Marvel 257 

A Shipwreck 258 

Lord Chatham's Speech on Conquering America 261 

The Lessons of the Sky 262 

Work and Patience Collyer 263 

New Haven Glazier 265 

Physical Development White 267 

Madam Esmond and Major Washington Thackeray 269 

The Birth of a $1 Bill 271 

Napoleon Dismissing the Assembly Muhlbach 273 

Ancient Luxury 275 

Opening of the American Institute Fair Woodford 277 

Mr. Pickwick's Ride in August Dickens 281 

General Blucher's Vow Muhlbach 282 

Queen Elizabeth and Raleigh Scott 283 

Coronation of Napoleon Muhlbach 285 

Daniel Webster's Speech 286 

Mr. Gladstone on the Silver Question 292 

George Washington to the President of Congress 294 

Washington to Lieutenant-General Howe 296 

Washington's Letter to the President of Congress 296 

Washington's Farewell Address 299 

Declaration of Independence 304 

The Union Webster 308 



xviil CONTENTS. 



PART V. 



SPELLING LIST. 

PAGE 

Explanation 310 

Spelling List 311 



PART I. 



CHAPTER I. 
INTRODUCTION. 

The Purpose and Use of this Book. — The title of this 
work indicates to a great extent its scope and purpose. It is 
intended, (i) as a book of business correspondence, in which 
will be found specimen letters taken from the actual corre- 
spondence of representative business houses, and also a variety 
of legal forms which have never before been published in a book 
of this kind ; and (2) as a book of dictation for shorthand prac- 
tice, affording in this connection exercises comprising not only 
the business letters and legal forms already mentioned, but 
a variety of choice literary selections which have been carefully 
graded for this especial purpose. A few remarks as to its con- 
tents in detail may not be amiss, while the suggestions as to 
the best way of using them will be found under the chapters 
addressed to students of shorthand and typewriting. 

In the first place, there is more and a greater variety of avail- 
able and valuable material in the book for the teacher and 
student than is apparent upon a cursory examination. Not only 
can the exercises be used for dictation, but in the Preface, 
Introduction, and the Chapters addressed to Students, may 
be found excellent material for practice ; while the lists 
of the States and their Capitals, and the Principal Cities, 
have been added with the especial object in view of having 
them utilized for practice also. Perfect familiarity with all these 
names cannot but be of service to the intending stenographei 



2 INTRODUCTION. 

and typewriter. I therefore recommend their practice until the 
student can write them without the slightest hesitation. 

The words contained in the exercises have been counted. 
This is for convenience in timing, if desired, in speed practice. 
The author, however, must confess that he does not approve of 
timing for speed — at least, until pupils are well advanced and 
can write symmetrical and thoroughly legible forms without 
effort. This custom of timing is to be discouraged, for the 
reason that it is apt to result in the sacrifice of accuracy in order 
to acquire speed, and hence result in the far too common and 
entirely unnecessary trouble with young stenographers — illeg- 
ible writing. More on this subject will be found in the succeed- 
ing chapter, to which attention is called. 

The titles of the remaining chapters in Part I. are self-ex- 
planatory. The Rules for Punctuation, for the use of Capital 
Letters, and for Spelling will be found useful, as well as the proper 
forms of address for Public Officials and others, and the Abbre- 
viations of States and Territories, while the lists of States and 
Cities are not only valuable for reference, but, as mentioned 
before, may be used in shorthand practice. The Familiar Quota- 
tions from Ancient and Modern Languages include many which 
are used in legal documents, and are therefore valuable for 
reference in that connection. 

At the end of Part IV. are three letters written by George 
Washington in 1776, while in command of the American Army 
in the vicinity of New York — at that time occupied by the 
British under General Howe. These letters are interesting not 
only from an historical point of view, but also as excellent types 
of simple, direct, well-written English. One of them is addressed 
to his adversary, General Howe, expressing in courteous terms 
his dissatisfaction with the exchanged prisoners sent him by 
the British officer. Another gives his own account of the famous 
Crossing of the Delaware and the Capture of Trenton, — a most 
bold and masterly military maneuver. 

There are also two papers in the law department of the book 
which have an historical value. These are the extract from the 
argument of Mr. Porter, of counsel for the Government in the 
Guiteau trial, and the application for a writ of habeas corpus in 



INTRODUCTION. 3 

the case of Mrs. Surratt, one of the conspirators condemned to 
death for complicity in the assassination of President Lincoln. 

The letter of Mr. Gladstone on the silver question, in Part 
IV., is probably the most difficult exercise in the book for young 
stenographers, and will (after due practice of all the rest, as 
suggested in the next chapter) bear writing and re-writing a 
great many times. 

For a number of tables which are valuable in business, a va- 
riety of legal forms, a list of abbreviations, and an exceedingly 
valuable dictionary of synonyms, the reader is referred to the 
author's revision of " Payne's Business Letter Writer," which 
also contains a great variety of short letters very suitable for 
dictation. The phenomenal sale of the book for several years 
past is sufficient proof of its excellence. 



CHAPTER II. 

TO STUDENTS OF SHORTHAND. 

The object of shorthand is to write rapidly, and the aim 01 
the student is to become able to write rapidly as soon as possi- 
ble. There is no royal road to shorthand, but, as I have so 
often said to my classes, it is more a question of patience and 
perseverance than of difficulty — although I have no desire to 
encourage the idea that as a study it is easy. Nothing is easy 
that is worth knowing at all. The principal requirement in the 
study of shorthand is regular, systematic and faithful practice. 
As has been said by a well-known author : " In order to write 
shorthand expertly, one must possess a thorough and familiar 
knowledge of the principles and rules of the art, which is to be 
attained by study, and a hand trained to accuracy and brought 
to a high state of discipline by a long and thorough course of 
practice in writing. Each of these requirements is of the high- 
est importance, as no amount of excellence in one will make up 
for defects in the other." From an experience of many years in 
teaching, I maybe able to give a few suggestions which will 
prove useful. 

In the first place, it is assumed that the student has mastered 
the principles of the system he is studying. The " word-signs " 
have been memorized, and the rules for phrasing more or less 
firmly fixed in the mind. By this is meant simple phrasing, for, 
by way of parenthesis, it may be said that too much phrasing 
is, like many other things, worse than too little. It is a well-rec- 
ognized fact that speed is not augmented to any great extent by 
indiscriminate phrasing, and I do not advocate anything but the 
simple outlines, of which the better examples are usually given 
in the text-books. This simple phrasing is undoubtedly pro- 
motive of speed, but the tendency to use long and complex 
(4) 



TO STUDENTS OF SHORTHAND. 5 

phrases should be discouraged ; more time is lost through 
hesitation in trying to remember them than it would take to 
write the longer forms. 

It is by far the best to study shorthand with a good teacher. 
Although self-instruction is by no means impossible, it is more 
difficult alone, takes more time, and the knowledge acquired is 
not as thorough as it naturally would be with a teacher. If, 
however, you are unable to secure instruction in your vicinity, 
you can easily make arrangements with some teacher of the 
same system to correct your exercises by mail for a small fee. 

There are in this book business letters, law forms and court 
testimony, and literary selections. These, particularly the last 
two, have been carefully graded — the easiest first, and the 
more difficult afterwards. I suggest the following method of 
practice : 

(i). Beginning with the first exercise of either class, write it 
slowly and carefully in shorthand and have it corrected by your 
teacher. 

(2). Write it correctly half a dozen or more times, making 
your forms very carefully and accurately. 

(3). Lay the shorthand aside, and copy the exercise from the 
book into shorthand again. 

(4). Compare this last writing with the correct copy, and 
write all words that are wrong at least 50 times each. 

(5). Copy the exercise into shorthand again, and compare 
with correct copy, writing each error 50 times, as before. 

(6). Repeat this until there are no errors. 

(7). Now have the exercise dictated to you ; slowly the first 
time, and then gradually — very gradually — increasing the speed. 
Never allow the reader to hurry you. You must have time to 
think, for speed is more a question of thinking quickly than of 
mechanical ability — which, indeed, depends altogether upon the 
rapidity with which the words are formed in the mind. 

Repeat this with the same exercise a great many times — fifty 
or a hundred are none too many — being particular to read it 
back from your notes every time, until you are thoroughly familiar 
with every word in it, and can write it without the least 
hesitation. 



6 TO STUDENTS OF SHORTHAND. 

Take up the succeeding exercises in the same manner, faith- 
fully following the direction given. You will find that this 
method of practice will extend your knowledge, refresh your 
memory, enlarge your vocabulary, and increase your speed. 

Do not try to write faster than you can make perfectly ac- 
curate forms, for the reading of shorthand is as important a 
matter as the writing. The characters should be made very 
carefully, so that there will be no difficulty whatever in tran- 
scribing them afterwards. Speed will surely come with contin- 
uous, persistent, and regular daily practice ; and, as stated be- 
fore, this should consist of the repeated writing of the exercises 
until the student can write any word, or all the words, without 
hesitation and with no apparent mental effort ; until each word 
in the exercise is thoroughly impressed upon the mind, and is, so 
to speak, at the fingers' ends, with never a thought of position 
or principle or rule. In fact, the writing should be almost 
mechanical. 

I think that most teachers will agree with me that the 
method outlined above is the best that can be pursued. If 
your teacher disagrees with the suggestions given, by all means 
follow his advice. Teachers, like doctors, often disagree, and 
the pupil should always follow the directions of his teacher 
implicitly, always providing, of course, that he is competent, — 
and the student should have no other. 

Take several gpod shorthand periodicals in order to keep 
abreast of the times. You will get many valuable ideas from 
them. 

Advanced students will do well to take the list of States and 
Cities, and practice them until they, too, are thoroughly 
familiar, and can be written without hesitation. The Preface, 
Introduction, and this chapter also, furnish excellent material 
for dictation, in addition to the exercises in Parts II., III., IV. 

In conclusion, be sure not to leave any exercise until you 
have mastered it. I cannot emphasize this point too strongly. 
Remember that your watch-word is " Patience and Persever- 
ance ; Practice and Progress." So will you reach the highest 
measure of success. 



CHAPTER III. 
TO STUDENTS OF TYPEWRITING. 

There are many different typewriters on the market, and to 
give any specific directions as to their use would require a book 
of itself. A few general suggestions for the acquirement of 
speed will apply equally well to all of them. 

In the first place, after having carefully read the book of in- 
structions which accompanies each machine, and become fa- 
miliar with its mechanical operation, the pupil should begin the 
practice of short words, and then of short phrases, using all the 
fingers. The author, although (from habit) using but three 
fingers on each hand, believes that greater speed can be attained 
by the use of all the fingers ; for, having less movement of the 
hands over the keyboard, the writer will soon be able to work 
without looking at the keys at all, thus allowing him to keep 
his eyes fixed upon his notes, or whatever he is copying. 

No attempt should be made to write fast. The keys should 
be struck with a perfectly regular, even touch, very much as the 
keys of a piano are struck in playing. The acquirement of 
speed lies only in gradual familiarity, attained by regular and 
steady practice : haste will surely lead to errors, such as strik- 
ing the wrong key or transposing or omitting letters. Increase 
in speed will be almost imperceptible at first, but none the less 
real. 

The instruction books issued by the manufacturers of the dif- 
ferent machines recommend, as a rule, a progressive system of 
practice and the use of the simplest words at first, such as an, 
and, the, then, them, they, there, their, this, these, those, through, 
thorough, etc., writing each word a great many times — say one 
hundred to two hundred or more — in order to become thoroughly 

(7) 



8 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

familiar with the location of the keys, and the various combina- 
tions of letters forming the different words. It will be found 
of great assistance to pronounce the letters of the words as the 
fingers strike the keys, and the word itself as the space-bar is 
struck. Thus : T-h-e-n, then ; t-h-o-s-e, those, etc. 

The dictation exercises contained in this book will be found 
excellent practice for the student of typewriting after he has be- 
come sufficiently proficient to undertake the writing of general 
matter. 

It is not advisable to abbreviate to any great extent. Al- 
though it is a very common thing to write, " Your favor of 4th 
rec'd," the sentence would look much better if written in full : 
" Your favor of the 4th inst. is received," it being allowable to 
abbreviate instant to inst. 

I do not favor the use of the word " Typewritist " as applied 
to one who uses the typewriter. We do not say " Shortha?id- 
writist" or "Stenographist," " Singist " or " Walkist." As 
Bates Torrey well says, in his excellent book on typewriting : 
" ' Write,' being an Anglo-Saxon word, should hardly attract 
to it the Greek termination, ist ; and the word ' Typewritist' 
does certainly have a vulgar sound, and grates unpleasantly 
upon the ear." If anything at all is needed to distinguish be- 
tween the machine and the operator (which I doubt), the plan 
might be adopted of writing of the former as a " typewriter " 
and the latter as a " type-writer." 

For those who wish to pursue the subject of typewriting fur- 
ther, the author recommends " Humphrey's Manual of Type- 
writing" and Torrey 's "Practical Typewriting." Both fulfil 
their mission admirably. 



CHAPTER IV. 
PUNCTUATION. 



The proper use of the symbols of punctuation marks the dis- 
tinction between well-constructed sentences and the reverse, 
and this subject is of such importance that, although it is impos- 
sible in a book of limited size to give complete rules for their 
employment, I will endeavor to illustrate their proper use as 
well as I can in the limited space at my command. 



MARKS OF PUNCTUATION. 



Brace, 



, Comma, 

; Semicolon, 

: Colon, 
Period, 

— Dash, 

? Interrogation, 

• ! Exclamation, 

( ) Parentheses, 

[ ] Brackets, 
Apostrophe, 

- Hyphen, 

\ Caret, 

" " Quotation Marks, 

RULES FOR PUNCTUATION. 

A period is placed after every declarative and imperative 
sentence. 

All abbreviations are followed by a period. 

A period is placed after numbers in the Roman notation. 

A colon is placed between the chief divisions of a sentence, 
when they are but slightly connected, and are themselves 
divided by some mark. 

A colon is used after a sentence which precedes and announces 
a distinct quotation. 

(9) 



* * * 


Ellipsis, 




Ellipsis ; also, Leaders, 




Ellipsis, 


* 


Asterisk, 


t 


Dagger, or Obelisk, 


t 


Double Dagger, 


§ 


Section, 


II 


Parallel, 


f 


Paragraph, 


m~ 


Index, 


* * 


Asterism. 



IO PUNCTUATION. 

A colon is placed between clauses when the connection is so 
slight that any one of them might be a distinct sentence. 

A succession of clauses depending on one principal expression 
should be separated by a semicolon. 

A semicolon is placed after an expression which introduces 
particulars. 

When a clause especially explains the meaning of some other 
expression, it is separated from that expression by a semicolon. 

A semicolon is used to divide a sentence into sections, when 
the various parts are not sufficiently independent to require a 
colon. 

A comma is placed between the particulars mentioned in a 
succession of words all in the same construction. 

A comma is placed between each pair of words when each 
pair is in the same construction. 

A comma is placed before and one after every parenthetical 
expression, and always after the following words when used 
parenthetically : however, that is, indeed, of course, finally, again, 
first, second, also, therefore, yes, no, too, etc., etc. 

A comma is used before a quotation closely connected with 
the preceding words. 

Expressions repeated must be separated by a comma. F 

A phrase or clause which explains, in any degree, the mean- 
ing of any other phrase or clause is separated from it by a 
comma. 

All modifying expressions, unless closely connected with the 
rest of the sentence, are separated by a comma. 

A comma must be used in sentences which would otherwise 
be misunderstood. 

An interrogation point is placed after every sentence, phrase, 
clause, or word, which denotes a direct question. 

An interrogation point, inclosed in parentheses, is often used 
to denote doubt. 

An exclamation point is placed after every exclamatory sen- 
tence, clause, phrase, or word. 

Where special emphasis is required, several exclamation 
points may be used. 



PUNCTUATION. II 

An exclamation point inclosed in parentheses is used to de- 
note peculiar surprise. 

A dash is usually placed before the answer to a question 
when they both belong to the same line. 

A dash is often used instead of the parenthesis marks. 

A dash is commonly used before an expression repeated for 
special emphasis. 

A dash is used to separate the parts of a sentence when there 
is a sudden pause or change of meaning ; for example, " Beauty 
and Love — their emblems are flowers." 

It also indicates an omission of letters or syllables ; for ex- 
ample, " General F was wounded at Trenton." 

The marks of parenthesis enclose a portion of a sentence 
which is not essential to it ; for example, " Know, then, this 
truth (enough for man to know), virtue alone is happiness 
below." 

The apostrophe indicates possession : also the omission of 
letters in a word ; for example, "Other men's sins are before 
our eyes." " I'm afraid they've awak'd, and 'tis not done." 

It is also used in indicating the plural of letters, figures, and 
characters ; for example, A's, I's, 5's, 8's, 7's. 

Quotation marks enclose direct quotations ; for example, 
"Washington," said Samuel Smiles, " never took advantage of 
an enemy." 

Brackets enclose what, in quoting the words of another, we 
insert by way of explanation ; for example, " Let both [the tares 
and the wheat] grow together till the harvest." 

The caret is used to indicate something omitted, which must 
be written immediately over the place from which it is omitted ; 

you 
for example, " How do ^ do ? " 

The hyphen connects compound words, and is used at the 
end of a line when a syllable must be carried over to the 
next line. 

The ellipsis denotes the omission of letters or words. 

The index points to something of special significance. 

The asterisk, dagger, etc., are generally used to denote a ref- 
erence to something preceding. 



CHAPTER V. 

CAPITAL LETTERS. 

1. The first word of every sentence or expression which 
stands for a sentence should begin with a capital. 

2. All proper names should begin with capital letters. 

3. Words derived from proper names begin with a capital. 

4. All names of the Deity should begin with a capital. 

5. The months of the year and the days of the week begin 
with capitals. 

6. Names of sects or denominations should always begin with 
a capital. 

7. The words North, South, East, West, and their com- 
pounds, as Northwest, Southwest, etc., commence with capitals 
when they denote a section of country, but not when they refer, 
for instance, to the direction of the wind. 

8. The pronoun I and the interjection O are always capitals. 

9. The names of continents, countries, islands, seas, bays, and 
other geographical divisions begin with capitals. 

10. All titles of persons begin with capitals. 

11. All the principal words in the titles of books should be- 
gin with capital letters. 

12. Every broken line, as in the address and signature of let- 
ters, should begin with capitals, as should the chief words of 
such lines. 

13. Every direct quotation should begin with a capital. 

14. Every line of poetry should begin with a capital. 

15. In accounts each article mentioned should begin with a 
capital. 

16. In all resolutions the word That following the word Re- 
solved, should begin with a capital. 

(12) 



MARKS OF ACCENT. 13 

MARKS OF ACCENT. 

The acute (a) is represented by a mark over a letter, or syl- 
lable, to show that it must be pronounced with a rising inflec- 
tion ; as, European. 

The grave (a) must be pronounced with a falling inflection ; 
as, " Will you walk or ride ? " 

The circumflex (a) represents the union of the acute and 
grave accents in the same syllable ; as, Montreal. 

The macron (a) placed above a letter represents a full long 
vowel sound ; as, home. 

The breve (a) is placed over a vowel to denote its short 
sound ; as, St. Helena. 

The diaeresis (a) is placed over the latter of two vowels to 
show that they are to be pronounced in separate syllables ; as, 
cooperative. 

The cedilla (c) or cerilla, placed under the letter c, shows that 
it has the sound of s ; it is used chiefly in words derived from 
the French language ; thus, gargon, in which the 9 is to be pro- 
nounced like s. 

The tilde (n) placed over the letter n in Spanish words to give 
it the sound of ny ; as sefior, minon. 

EMPHASIZED WORDS, OR UNDERSCORING. 

When a writer desires to give more prominence to certain 
words or sentences, he should designate the same by underscor- 
ing or drawing lines beneath the words that are to be empha- 
sized. One line indicates Italics, two lines small capitals, 
three lines LARGE CAPITALS, four lines ITALIC CAPI- 
TALS. Thus, the following sentence, underscored : 

" I never would lay down my arms, never ! never ! ! 
never 



t f 1 



How it appears in print : 

"I never would lay down my arms, never! never!! 
NEVER ! ! ! 



CHAPTER VI. 
CORRECT SPELLING. 

The orthography of the English Language is one of peculiar 
difficulty, and while there are rules for spelling, they are so 
numerous and complex, and there are so many exceptions to 
them, that they are of little use to the average writer. In 
Webster's Unabridged Dictionary there are no less than thirty- 
six rules for spelling — occupying two and a half pages of that 
ponderous volume, and nearly all of them either show a list of 
exceptions or else require and receive considerable explanation. 
Following these rules is a list of words which are spelled in two 
or more ways, and occupying four additional pages. From this 
it will be seen that any attempt to lay down hard and fast rules 
in this book would be useless ; the exceptions to a rule would, 
as likely as not, outnumber the words to which it applied. 

Nevertheless, something is needed for the guidance of those 
who are in doubt — for, as previously stated, our language has 
such peculiarities of spelling that even the best writers occasion- 
ally find themselves puzzled, and cannot remember whether 
there are two " l's " in a word or only one, or whether " i " comes 
before " e " or vice versa. 

It is in order to meet emergencies of this kind that the 
Spelling List (Part V.) has been prepared, to which special 
attention is called. This list contains about 25,000 words, the 
orthography being based upon that of Noah Webster, with the 
revisions up to the present time. It is designed especially for 
the use of students, stenographers, and typewriters, and, in fact, 
all who may have occasion to use it, for ready reference. In no 
other work, excepting a Dictionary, can so full and complete a 
list be found, and this feature will, it is hoped, prove an accept- 
able supplement to the rest of this work. 
(14) 



CHAPTER VII. 
PROPER FORMS OF ADDRESS. 

(In each of the foil < wing forms the envelope address is given first, and then the 
proper salutation at the beginning of the letter.) 

i. President of the United States : — 

To his Excellency , President of the United 

States. 

Sir, or Dear Sir. 

2. U. S. Minister to a foreign court : — 

His Excellency , U. S. Minister to 

Sir, or Dear Sir. 

3. Governor of a State : — 

His Excellency , Governor of ........ 

Sir, or Dear Sir. 

4. United States Senator : — 

Hon , U. S. Senator. 

Sir, or Dear Sir. 

5. Member House of Representatives:— 

Hon ..., M.C.. 

Sir, or Dear Sir. 

6. Officer of the Army or Navy : — 

Professional rank prefixed to name :— 

General ; Admiral ; Col 

Sir, or Dear Sir. 

7. Judge, etc. : — 

Hon 

Sir, or Dear Sir. 

8. Judge County Court : — 

To His Honor Judge 

(15) 



l6 PROPER FORMS OF ADDRESS. 

9. Mayor of an American City : — 

Honorable 

Sir, or Dear Sir. 

10. Archbishop: — 

The Most Reverend 

Sir. 
n. Bishop : — 

The Right Rev , D.D., or The Right Rev. 

Bishop 

12. Clergyman: — 

Rev , or Rev , D.D., or Rev , 

S.T.D., or Rev. Dr 

13. Physician or Surgeon : — 

, M.D., or Dr 

14. A scholar who has achieved distinction in some special de- 

partment of knowledge, or a Professor in any institution 
of learning authorized to confer degrees : — 
Prof 

But this title should not be applied indiscriminately to all schoolmasters. 

15. Any one holding a Doctor's degree, LL.D., Ph.D., or M.D., 

may be addressed as : — 
Dr 

16. Magistrate, Lawyer, Alderman: — 

, Esq. 

17. Gentleman : — 

, Esq., or Mr 

Sir, Dear Sir, or My Dear Sir. 

18. Married Lady :— 

Mrs. 

Madam, or Dear Madam. 

19. Unmarried Lady : — 

Miss 

Madam, or Dear Madam, or Dear Miss 

Two or more young ladies are addressed as The Misses 

Mesdames. 



CHAPTER VIII. 
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING AND PRINTING. 



MISCELLANEOUS ABBREVIATIONS. 



A. B. {Artium Baccalaureus) Bache- 
lor of Arts. 

Abp. Archbishop. 

Acct. Account. 

A. D. {Anno Domini) In the year of 
our Lord. 

Ad Lib. {Ad Libitum) At will or at 
option. 

Admr. Administrator. 

Ad Val. {Ad valorem) According to 
value. 

JEt. {A3 talis) of his (or her) age. 

Ald. Alderman. 

A. M. {Artium magister) Master of 
Arts. {Antemeridie?n) Before noon. 

Amt. Amount. 

Anon. Anonymous. 

Ans. Answer. 

Art. Article. 

Asst. Assistant. 

Atty. Attorney. 

Av. Avoirdupois weight'; Average. 

B. A. Bachelor of Arts. 
Bart. Baronet. 

B. C. Before Christ. 

B. D. Bachelor of Divinity. 

Bk. Bank. 

Bp. Bishop. 

B. V. M. Blessed Virgin Mary. 

Cor Cent. Centigrade (thermometer). 
Cath. Catholic. 

C. B. Companion of the Bath. 

C. C. P. Court of Common Pleas. 

C. E. Civil Engineer. 

Cf. Confer or compare. 

C. H. Court-house. 

Ch. or Ch\p. Chapter. 

C. J. or Ch. J. Chief Justice. 

Clk. Clerk. 

C. M. Common meter. 

Co. Company; County. 



Cong. Congress. 

Cor. Sec. Corresponding Secretary. 

Cr. Creditor. 

Ct. Cent; Court. 

Cts. Cents. 

Cwt. Hundredweight. 

D. D. Doctor of Divinity. 

Deft. Defendant. 

Deg. Degree. 

D. G. {Dei Gratia) By the grace of 

, God. 

Do. {Ditto) The same. 

Dolls. Dollars. 

Doz. Dozen. 

Dr. Doctor ; Debtor ; Dram. 

D. {Denarius) Penny or pence. 

D. V. {Deo volente) God willing. 
Dwt. Pennyweight. 

Dep. Department ; Deputy. 
Ed. Edition ; Editor. 

E. E. Errors excepted. 

E. G. {Exempli gratia) For example. 

Esq. Esquire. 

Et Al (Et alii) and others. 

Etc. {Et cetera) And other things. 

Ex. Example. 

Exch. Exchange. 

Exr. Executor. 

Fahr. Fahrenheit (thermometer). 

Fig. Figure. 

Fol. Folio ; Page. 

Ft. Fort ; Feet. 

Gall. Gallon. 

Gov. Governor. 

G. R. ( Georgius Rex) George the King. 

Gr. Grain. 

H. B. M. Her Britannic Majesty. 

Hhd. Hogshead. 

H. M. Her Majesty. 

Hon. Honorable ; Honorary. 

H. R. H. His Royal Highness. 

(17) 



ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING, ETC. 



Ib. (Ibid.) or Id. (Idem) The same. 

I. E. {Id est) That is. 

I. H. S. (Jesus Salvator Hominum) 
Jesus the Saviour of Men. 

Incog. (Incognito) in disguise. 

Inst. Instant, or present month. 

J. P. Justice of the Peace. 

Tr. or JUN. Junior. 

K. B. Knight of the Bath. 

K. C. B. Knight Commander of the 
Bath. 

K. G. Knight of the Garter. 

K. G. C. B. Knight Grand Cross of 
the Bath. 

K. T. Knight of the Thistle. 

Kt. Knight. 

L or £ (Libra) A pound sterling. 

Lb. (Libra) A pound avoirdupois. 

LL. D. Doctor of Laws. 

L. S. (Locus Sigilli) Place of the seal. 

M. Monsieur; (Millid) a thousand. 

M. A. Master of Arts. 

M. C. Member of Congress. 

M. D. Doctor of Medicine. 

Mule. Mademoiselle. 

Mem. Memorandum. 

Messrs. Messieurs. 

MM. Messieurs. 

Mme. Madame. 

M. P. Member of Parliament; Mu- 
nicipal or Metropolitan Police. 

Mr. Master (pronounced Mister). 

Mrs. Mistress (pronounced Missess). 

MSS. Manuscripts. 

Mt. Mount. 

No. Number. 

N. S. New Style (of reckoning time). 

Ob. (Obiit) he (or she) died. 

Obs. Observation ; Obsolete. 

Obt. Obedient. 



O. S. Old Style (ended 1752). 

Oz. Ounce. 

Per or $, By the (lb., doz., etc.). 

PL. Place. 

P. J. Presiding Judge. 

P. M. (Post meridiem) Afternoon ; 

Post-master. 
P. M. G. Post-Master General. 
PP. Pages. 
P. R. Prince Royal. 
Pro Tem. (Pro te?npcre) For the 

time. 
Prof. Professor. 

Prox. (Proximo) The next month. 
P. S. (Post scrip turn) Postscript. 
Pt. Pint. 
Qr. Quarter. 
Q. S. (Prescriptions, etc.) Quantum 

sufficit, or Quantum sufficiat. A 

sufficient quantity. 
Qt. Quart. 

Q. V. (Quod vide) Which see. 
R. Reaumur's thermometer ; Recipe. 
R. R. Railroad. 
R. E. Royal Engineers. 
Rev. Reverend. 
R. S. V. P. (Correspondence) Repon- 

dez s y il vous plait, Answer, if you 

please. 
Sen. Senator. 
S. S. Sunday-School. 
St. State ; Street. 
Ult. (Ultimo) The last month. 
Viz. ( Videlicet) That is to say, or 

namely. 
V. R. (Victoria Regina) Victoria the 

Queen. 
Vs. ( Versus) Against. 
X. or Xt. Christ. 
Yds. Yards. 



geographical abbreviations. 



Ala. Alabama. 

Am. American. 

Ar. Ter. Arizona Territory. 

Ark. Arkansas. (Motto : Regnant 

populi— the people rule. ) 
Brit. British. 
Cal. California. (Motto : Eureka— I 

have found it.) 
C E. Canada East. 
Col. Colorado. 
Conn. Connecticut. (Motto : Qui 

transtulit sustinet — He who 

brought us hither sustains us. ) 
C. W. Canada West. 



D. C. District of Columbia. 

Del. Delaware. (Motto: Liberty and 

Independefice.) 
Den. Denmark. 

E. I. East Indies. 

E. N. E. East-northeast. 

Eng. England ; English. 

E. S. E East-southeast. 

Fla. Florida. (Motto : In God is our 
trust.) 

Fr. French. 

Ga. Georgia. (Motto : Wisdom, jus- 
tice, atid moderation .) 

G. B. Great Britain. 



ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING, ETC. 



Geog. Geography. 

Ger. German ; Germany. 

III. Illinois. (Motto : State sov- 
ereignty and national Union.} 

Ia. Iowa. (Motto : Our liberties we 
prize . and our rights we will main- 
tain.} 

Ind. Indiana. 

It. Italian ; Italic. 

Kan. Kansas. 

Ky. Kentucky. (Motto: United we 
stand, divided we fall.) 

La. Louisiana. (Motto : Union and 
confidence.') 

Lat. Latitude. 

Long. Longitude. 

Mass. Massachusetts. (Motto : Ense 
petit placidam sub libertate quieiem 
By the sword he seeks calm repose 
and liberty.) 

Md. Maryland. (Motto : Crescite et 
Multiplicamini — Increase and mul- 
tiply.) 

Me. Maine. (Motto : Dirigo—I direct.) 

Mich. Michigan. (Motto: Si queer is 
pe7ii?isulam amcenam circumspice — 
If you seek a pleasant peninsula, 
behold it here.) 

Minw Minnesota. (Motto : VEtoile 
du Nor d— The star of the North.) 

Miss. Mississippi. 

Mo. Missouri. (Motto: Salus popuJi 
suprema lex — The people's welfare 
the supreme law.) 

Mont. Montana. 

N. North. 

N. B. (Nbfa bene) Take notice. 

N. B. New Brunswick. 

N. C. North Carolina. 

N. E. Northeast. 

Neb. Nebraska. 

Nev. Nevada. 

N. H. New Hampshire. 

N. J. New Jersey. (Motto: Liberty 
and hidependence.) 



N. M. New Mexico. 

N . N. E. North-northeast. 

N. N. W. North-northwest. 

N. S. Nova Scotia. 

N. W. Northwest. 

N. Y. New York. ( Motto : Excelsior) 

N. Z. New Zealand. 

O. Ohio. 

Or. Oregon. (Motto: Alls volet pro- 

priis — It soars on its own wings.) 
Pa. Pennsylvania. (Motto : Virtue, 

Liberty, and Independence?) 
P. R. Porto Rico. 
R. I. Rhode Island. (Motto : In God 

we hope.) 
Rus. Russian. 
S. South. 

S. A. South America. 
S. C. South Carolina. (Motto : Ani- 

mis opibusque parati — Ready with 

our lives and property.) 
S. E. Southeast. 
S. S. E. South-southeast. 
S. S. W. South-southwest. 
S. W. Southwest. 
Sw. Swedish. 
Tenn. Tennessee. 
Ter. Territory. 
Tex. Texas. 
U. C. Upper Canada. 
U. K. United Kingdom. 
U. S. United States. 
Va. Virginia. (Motto : Sic semper 

tyrannis — Thus ever with tyrants.) 
Vt. Vermont. (Motto : Freedom and 

Unity.) 
W. West. 

Wash. Washington. 
Wis. Wisconsin. (Motto : Eorward/) 
W. I. West Indies. 
W. N. W. West-northwest. 
W. S. W. West-southwest. 
W. Va. West Virginia. 



MILITARY AND NAVAL ABBREVIATIONS. 



A. A. A. G. Acting Assistant Adjutant 

General. 
A. A. G. Assistant Adjutant General. 
A. D. C. Aide de Camp. 
Adjt. Adjutant. 
Adml. Admiral. 

A. M. G Assistant Major General. 
A. Q. M. G. Assistant Quartermaster 

General. 



Bvt. Brevet. 
Capt. Captain. 

C. G. Commissary General. 
Co. Company. 

Col. Colonel. 

Com. Commodore ; Commander. 

D. A. A. G. Deputy Assistant Adju- 
tant General. 

D. A. G. Deputy Adjutant General. 



20 



ABBREVIATIONS USED IN WRITING, ETC. 



Div. Division. 

D. Q. M. G. Deputy Quartermaster 

General. 
Gen. General. 
Lt. or Lieut. Lieutenant. 
Maj. Major. 



Q. M. Quartermaster. 

Q. M. G. Quartermaster General. 

Regt. Regiment. 

Sergt. Sergeant. 

U. S. A. United States Army. 

U. S. N. United States Navy. 



abbreviations of persons' names. 

Albt. Albert Eliz. Elizabeth. 

Alf. Alfred. Eph. Ephraim. 

Alex. Alexander. Fr. or Fred. Francis : 

And. Andrew. . Geo. George. 

Arch. Archibald. Jas. James. 

Aug. Augustus. Jno. John. 

Benj. Benjamin. Nath. Nathaniel. 

Chas. Charles. Robt. Robert. 

Dan. Daniel. Saml. Samuel. 

Ebnr. Ebenezei. Thos. Thomas. 

Edw. Edward. Wm. William. 



Frederic. 



old and new testament abbreviations. 



old testament. 
Gen. Genesis. 
Exod. Exodus. 
Lev. Leviticus. 
Numb. Numbers. 
Deut. Deuteronomy. 
Josh. Joshua. 
Sam. Samuel. 
Chron. Chronicles. 
Neh. Nehemiah. 
Ps. Psalm or Psalms. 
Prov. Proverbs. 
Eccl. Ecclesiastes. 
Isa. Isaiah. 
Jer. Jeremiah. 
Ezek. Ezekiel. 
Dan. Daniel. 



Hab. Habakkuk. 
Zech. Zechariah. 
Mal. Malachi. 

NEW TESTAMENT,, 

Matt. Matthew. 
Rom. Romans. 
Cor. Corinthians. 
Gal. Galatians. 
Eph. Ephesians. 
Phil. Philippians. 
Col. Colossians. 
Thess. Thessalonians. 
Tim. Timothy. 
Heb. Hebrews. 
Pet. Peter. 
Rev. Revelation. 



abbreviations of the months. 

Jan. January. Sept. September. 

Feb. February. Oct. October. 

Mch. March. Nov. November. 

Aug. August. Dec. December. 



CHAPTER IX. 

QUOTATIONS FROM THE LATIN, GREEK, AND 
OTHER LANGUAGES. 



Abbreviations 



-L. Latin ; F. French ; Gr. Greek ; G. German ; 
It. Italian; Sp. Spanish. 



A BAS (F), down ; down with. 

Ab extra (L), from without. 

Ab initio (L), from the beginning. 

Ab intra (L), from within. 

Ab normis sapiens (L), wise without 

instruction. 
Ab origine (L), from the origin or 

beginning. 
Ab ovo (L), from the egg; from the 

beginning. 
Absente reo (L), the person accused 

being absent. 
Ab uno disce omnes (L), from one 

specimen, judge of all the rest. 
Ab urba condita (L), from the 

founding of the city. 
A compte (F), on account ; in part 

payment. 
A corfs perdu (F), headlong ; neck 

or nothing. 
Ad aperturam (L), at the opening ; 

as the book opens. 
AD ASTRA PER ASPERA (L), to the 

stars through difficulties ; — the motto 

of Kansas. 
Ad Calendas Gr^ecas (L), at the 

Greek Calends ; never, as the Greeks 

had no Calends. 
Ad captandum vulgus (L), to catch 

the rabble. 
Ad eundem (L), to the same degree, — 

GRADUM being understood. 
Ad extremum (L), to the extreme. 
Ad finem (L), to the end. 
Ad infinitum (L), to infinity. 



Ad interim (L), in the meanwhile. 
A discretion (F), at discretion ; with- 
out restriction. 
Ad libitum (L), at pleasure. 
Ad literam (L), to the letter ; letter 

for letter. 
Ad modum (L), after the manner 

of. 
Ad nauseam (L), to disgust. 
Ad referendum (L), to be further 

considered. 
Ad rem (L), to the point ; to the pur- 
pose. 
Ad unum omnes (L), all to one'; all 

to a man. 
Ad valorem (L), according to the 

value. 
Ad vitam aut culpam (L), for fife 

or for fault. 
JEquo animo (L), with an equable 

mind. 
^Etatis sxjje (L), of his or her age. 
Affaire d' amour (F), love affair. 
Affaire d'honneur (F), an affair of 

honor. 
Affaire du cceur (F), an affair of 

the heart. 
A fortiori (L), with stronger reason. 
A la campagne (F), in the country. 
A la francaise (F), after the French 

mode. 
A l'Anglaise (F), after the English 

mode. 
A la mode (F), according to custom ; 

in fashion. 

(21) 



22 QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 



Alere flammam (L), to feed the 
flame. 

Al fresco (It), in the open air. 

Alis volat propriis (L), she flies 
with her own wings ; — the motto of 
Oregon. 

Allez vous en (F), away with you. 

Allons (F), let us go ; come on. 

Alma mater (L), kind or benign 
mother. 

Alter ego (L), another self. 

Alter idem (L), another precisely 
similar. 

Amende honorable (F), satisfactory 
apology ; reparation. 

A mensa et thoro (L), from board 
and bed. 

Amor patriae (L), love of country. 

Amour propke (F), self-love; van- 
ity. 

Ancien regime (F), ancient otder of 
things. 

Anglice (L), in English. 

Animis opibusque parati (L), pre- 
pared in mind and resources ; ready 
to give life and property ; — the motto 
of South Carolina. 

Anno ^estatis su^e (L), in the year 
of his or her age. 

Anno Christi (L), in the year of 
Christ. 

Anno Domini (L), in the year of our 
Lord. 

Anno mundi (L), in the year of the 
world. 

Annus mirabilis (L), the wonder- 
ful year. 

Ante bellum (L), before the war. 

Ante lucem (L), before light. 

Ante meridiem (L), before noon. 

A outrance (F), to the utmost ; to 
the death. 

Apercu (F), survey ; sketch. 

Aplomb (F), in a perpendicular line ; 
firmly. 

A posteriori (L), from the effect to 
the cause. 

A priori (L), from the cause to the 
effect. 

A propos (F), to the point ; season- 
ably. 

Aqua vitje (L), water of life ; brandy; 
alcohol. 

Argumentum ad hominem (L), an 
argument to the man. 

Argumentum ad ignorantiam (L), 
argument founded on an opponent's 
ignorance of facts. 



Argumentum baculinum (L), the 

argument of the cudgel. 
Arriere pensee (F), afterthought; 

mental reservation. 
Ars est celare artem (L), true art 

is to conceal art. 
Ars longa, vita brevis (L), art is 

long, life is short. 
Asinus ad lyram (L), an ass to a 

lyre ; absurdly. 
A "teneris annis (L), from earliest 

years. 
Audaces fortuna juvat (L), for- 
tune favors the brave. 
Aude sapere (L), dare to be wise. 
Audi alteram (L), hear the other 

side. 
Au fait (F), well instructed ; expert. 
Au fond (F), at the bottom. 
Au pis aller (F), at the worst. 
Aura popularis (L), the gale of 

popular favor. 
Aurea mediocritas (L), the golden 

mean. 
Au reste (F), as for the rest. 
Au revoir (F), adieu till we meet 

again. 

AUSSITOT DIT, AUSSITOT FAIT (F), 

no sooner said than done. 

AUT AMAT AUT ODIT MULIER (L), 

a woman either loves or hates. 

Aut Caesar aut nullus (L), either 
Caesar or nobody. 

Auto da fe (Port), an act of faith ;— 
a name in Spain and Portugal given 
to the burning of Jews and heretics 
on account of their religious tenets. 

Au troisieme (F), on the third floor. 

Aut vincer eaut mori (Lj, either to 
conquer or die. 

Aux armes (F), to arms. 

Avant coureur (F), a forerunner ; 
the usual Eng. form is avant cou- 
rier. 

Avant propos (F), preliminary mat- 
ter ; preface. 

Avec permission (F), by consent. 

A verbis ad verbera (L), from 
words to blows. 

A vinculo matrimonii (L), from 
the tie of marriage. 

A volonte (F), at pleasure. 

A votre sante (F), to your health. 

Bas bleu (F), a blue stocking ; a lit- 
erary woman. 

Beau 'ideal (F), a model of ideal 
beauty or perfection, 



QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 23 



Beau monde (F), the fashionable 
world. 

Beaux esprits (F), gay spirits; men 
of wit. 

Beaux yeux (F), handsome eyes ; 
attractive looks. 

Bel esprit (F), a brilliant mind ; a 
person of wit or genius. 

Bella ! horrida bella ! (L), wars ! 
horrid wars ! 

Ben trovata (It), well found ; a 
happy invention. 

Bete noire (F), a black beast ; a 
bugbear. 

Bienseance (F), civility; decorum. 

Billet doux (F), a love-letter. 

Bis dat qui cito dat (L), he gives 
twice who gives quickly. 

Blase (F), surfeited ; rendered inca- 
pable by excess of further enjoy- 
ment. 

Bon ami (F), good friend. 

Bonbon (F), a sweetmeat. 

Bon gre mal gre (F), willing or un- 
willing. 

Bonhomie (F), good-natured simplic- 
ity. 

Bonis avibus (L), with good omens. 

Bon jour (F), good day ; good morn- 
ing. 

Bonne (F), nurse or governess. 

Bonne et belle (F), good and hand- 
some. 

Bonne foi (F), good faith. 

Bon soir (F), good evening. 

Brevet d'invention (F), a patent. 

Brevi manu (L), with a short hand ; 
without delay ; summarily. 

Brutum fulmen (L), a harmless 
thunderbolt. 

Cacoethes loquendi (L), a rage for 

speaking. 
Cacoethes scribendi (L), an itch 

for scribbling. 
Cetera desunt (L), the remainder 

is wanting. 
Ceteris paribus (L), other things 

being equal. 
Candida pax (L), white-robed peace. 
Caput (L), head ; chapter. 
Caput mortuum (L), the dead body ; 

the worthless remains. 
Carpe diem (L), enjoy the present ; 

seize the opportunity. 
Cassis tutissima virtus (L), virtue 

is the safest shield. 
Casus belli (L), a cause of war, 



Catalogue raisonne (F), a cata- 
logue of books arranged according 
to their subjects. 

Causa sine qua non (L), an indis- 
pensable condition. 

Cedant arma TOG-ffi (L), let arms 
yield to the gown;— that is, let mili- 
tary authority yield to the civil pow- 
er. 

Ce n'est que le premier pas qui 
coute (F), it is only the first step 
which is difficult. 

Centum (L), a hundred. 

Certiorari (L), to be made more 
certain. 

C'est a dire (F), that is to say. 

Chacun a SON GOUT (F), every one 
to his taste. 

Chef (F), the head; the leading per- 
son or part. 

Chef de bataillon (F), a major. 

Chef de cuisine (F), head cook. 

Chef-d'ceuvre (F), a master-piece. 

Chere amie (F), a dear friend; a 
mistress. 

Chevalier d'industrie (F), a 
knight of industry; one who lives by 
persevering fraud. 

Chiaroscuro (It), distribution of 
light and shade in painting. 

Cicerone (It), a guide who explains 
curiosities. 

Cicisbeo (It), a male attendant on a 
married lady. 

Ci-devant (F), formerly; heretofore. 

Cogito ergo SUM (L), I think, there- 
fore I exist. 

COLUBREM IN SINU FOVERE (L), to 

cherish a serpent in one's bosom. 

Comme il faut (F), as it should be. 

Compagnon de voyage (F), a trav- 
eling companion. 

Compos mentis (L), of sound mind. 

Compte rendu (F), account ren- 
dered; report. 

Comte (F), count. 

Comtesse (F), countess. 

Con amore (It), with love or great 
pleasure ; earnestly. 

Con commodo (It), at a convenient 
rate. 

Conditio sine qua non (L), a neces- 
sary condition. 

Confrere (F), a brother of the same 
monastery ; an associate. 

Conge d'elire (F), leave to elect. 

Conquiescat in pace (L), may he 
rest in peace, 



24 QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 



Conseile de famille (F), a family 
consultation. 

Conseil d'etat (F), a council of 
state ; a privy council. 

Constantia et virtute (L), by con- 
stancy and virtue. 

Consuetudo pro lege servatur 
(L), custom is observed as law. 

Contra bonos mores (L), against 
good manners. 

Coram nobis (L), before us. 

Coram non judice (L), before one 
not the proper judge. 

Corps de garde (F), a body of men 
who watch in a guard-room ; the 
guard-room itself. 

Corps diplomatique (F), a diplo- 
matic body. 

Corpus Christi (L), Christ's body. 

Corpus delicti (L), the body, sub- 
stance, or foundation of the offence. 

Corrigenda (L), corrections to be 
made. 

Couleur de rose (F), rose-color; 
an aspect of beauty and attractive- 
ness. 

Coup d'essai (F), a first attempt. 

Coup d'etat (F), a stroke of policy 
in state affairs. 

Coup de grace (F), the finishing 
stroke. 

Coup de main (F), a sudden attack ; 
a bold effort. 

Coup d'ceil (F), a slight view ; a 
glance. 

Coup de soleil (F), a sun-stroke. 

Coup de theatre (F), a theatrical 
effect ; clap-trap. 

Coute qu'il coute (F), let it cost 
what it may. 

Credula res amor est (L), love is 
a credulous affair. 

Crescite, et multiplicamini (L), 
grow, or increase, and multiply ; — 
the motto of Maryland. 

Crimen lmsm majestatis (L), the 
crime of high treason. 

Cui bono ? (L), for whose benefit is 
it ? what good will it do ? 

Cul de sac (F), the bottom of a bag ; 
a place closed at one end. 

Cum grano salis (L), with a grain 
of salt ; with some allowance. 

Cum privilegio (L), with privilege. 

Currente calamo (L), with a run- 
ning or rapid pen. 

Custos rotulorum (L), the keeper 
of the rolls. 



Da capo (It), from the beginning. 

D'accord (F), agreed ; in tune. 

Damnant quod non intelligunt 
^L), they condemn what they do 
not understand. 

De bonne grace (F), with good 
grace ; willingly. 

De die in diem (L), from day to day. 

De facto (L), from the fact ; really. 

Degage (F), easy and unconstrained. 

Dei gratia (L), by the grace of God. 

Dejeuner a la fourchette (F), a 
meat breakfast. 

De jure (L), from the law ; by right. 

Delenda est Carthago (L), Car- 
thage must be blotted out or de- 
stroyed . 

De mortuis nil nisi bonum (L), 
let nothing but good be said of the 
dead. 

De nihilo nihil fit (L), of nothing, 
nothing is made 

De novo (L), anew ; over again from 
the beginning. 

Deo gratias (L), thanks to God. 

Deo juvante (L), with God's help. 

Deo, non fortuna (L), from God 
not from fortune. 

Deo volente (L), God willing, by 
God's will ;— usually contracted into 
D.V. 

De profundis (L), out of the depths. 

Dernier fessort (F), a last re- 
source. 

De bonis non (L), of the goods not 
yet administered on. 

De gustibus non est disputan- 
dum (L), there is no disputing about 
tastes. v 

Desagrement (F), something disa- 
greeable. 

Desideratum (L), a thing desired. 

Desunt cetera (L), the other things 
are wanting ; the remainder is want- 
ing. 

De trop (F), too much, or too many ; 
not wanted. 

Dies ir^e (L), the day of wrath. 

Dies non (L), in law, a day on which 
judges do not sit. 

Dieu defend le droit (F), God de- 
fends the right. 

Dieu et mon droit (F), God and 
my right. 

Dignus vindice nodus (L), a knot 
worthy to be untied by such an 
avenger, or by such hands. 

Dn penates (L), household gods. 



QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 25 



Dn majores (L), the greater gods. 

Dn minores (L), the lesser gods. 

Dirigo (L), I direct or guide; — the 
motto of Maine. 

Disjecta membra (L), scattered limbs 
or remains. 

Distingue (F), distinguished ; emi- 
nent. 

Distrait (F), absent in thought. 

Divertissement (F), amusement ; 
sport. 

Divide et impera (L), divide and 
rule. 

Dolce far niente (It), sweet do- 
ing nothing ; sweet idleness. 

Double entente (F), double mean- 
ing ; a play on words ; a word or 
phrase susceptible of more than one 
meaning ; — incorrectly written, dou- 
ble entendre. 

Dramatis persons (L), the char- 
acters or persons represented in a 
drama. 

Droit des gens (F), the law of na- 
tions. 

Dulce domum (L), sweet home ; 
homewards. 

Dulce est desipere in loco (L), it 
is pleasant to jest or be merry at 
the proper time. 

Dulce et decorum est pro patria 
mori (L), it is sweet and becoming 
to die for one's country. 

Dum spiro, spero (L), while I 
breathe, I hope. 

Dum vivimus, vivamus (L), while 
we live, let us live. 

Eau de Cologne (F), a perfumed 
liquid ; Cologne water. 

Eau de vie (F), water of life ; brandy. 

Ecce homo (L), behold the man ; — 
applied to a picture representing our 
Lord given up to the Jews by Pilate, 
and wearing a crown of thorns. 

Editio princeps(L), the first edition. 

Egalite (1- ), equality. 

Ego et rex meus (L), I and my 
king. 

El dorado (Sp), the golden land. 

Emigre (F), an emigrant. 

Empressement (F), ardor; zeal. 

En arriere (F), in the rear ; be- 
hind. 

En attendant (F), in the mean- 
while. 

En avant (F), forward. 

En deshabille (E), in undress. 



En echelon (F), in steps; like 
stairs. 

En famille (F), in a domestic state. 

Enfans perdus (F), lost children ; in 
mil., the forlorn hope. 

En grande tenue (F), in full dress. 

En masse (F), in a body. 

En passant (F), in passing ; by the 
way. 

En rapport (F), in relation ; in con- 
nection. 

En regle (F), in order ; according to 
rules. 

En route (F , on the way. 

Ense petit placidam sub liber- 
tat e quiet em (F), with the sword 
she seeks quiet peace under liberty; 
— the motto of Massachusetts. 

En suite (F), in company. 

Entente cordiale (F), evidence of 
good-will toward each other, ex- 
changed by the chief persons of two 
states. 

Entourage (F), surroundings; ad- 
juncts. 

En tout (F), in all ; wholly. 

Entree (F), entrance ; first course at 
meals ; freedom of access. 

Entremets (F), dainties ; small 
dishes. 

Entrfpot (F), a warehouse ; a place 
for depositing goods. 

Entre nous (F), between ourselves. 

Entre sol (F), a suite of apartments 
between the basement or ground 
floor and the second floor. 

En verite (F), in truth ; verily. 

E pluribus unum (L), one com- 
posed of many ; — the motto of the 
United States, as one government 
formed of many independent States. 

Errare est humanum (L), to err is 
human. 

Esprit borne (F), a narrow con- 
tracted mind. 

Esprit de corps (F), spirit of the 
body ; fellowship ; brotherhood. 

Esse quam videri (L), to be, rather 
than to seem. 

Esto perpetua (L), let it be per- 
petual ; let it endure forever. 

Et cetera (L), and the rest ; &c. 

Et hoc genus omne (L), and every- 
thing of the kind. 

Et sequentes (L), et sequentia 
(L), and those that follow. 

Et sic de ceteris (L), and so of 
the rest. 



26 QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 



Et tu, Brute ! (L), and thou also, 
Brutus ! 

Eureka (Gr), I have found it ;— the 
motto of California. 

Ex adverso (L), from the opposite 
side. 

Ex animo (X), with the soul ; heartily. 

Ex capite (L), from the head ; from 
memory. 

Ex cathedra (L), from the bench, 
chair, or pulpit ; with high authority. 

Excelsior (L), higher; more ele- 
vated ; — the motto of New York. 

Exceptio probate regulam (L), 
the exception proves the rule. 

Excerpta ^L), extracts. 

Ex concesso (L), from what is con- 
ceded. 

Ex curia (L), out of court. 

Ex dono (L), by the gift. 

Exempli gratia (L), for example ; 
for instance. 

Exeunt (L), they go out. 

Exeunt omnes (L), all go out. 

Exit (L), departure ; a passage out ; 
death. 

Exitus acta probat (L), the event 
justifies the deed ; — Washington's 
motto. 

Ex necessitate rei (L), from the 
necessity of the case. 

Ex nihilo, nihil fit (L), out of 
nothing, nothing comes. 

Ex officio (L), by virtue of office. 

Ex parte (L), on one part or side 
only. 

Ex pede Herculem (L), we see a 
Hercules from the foot ; we judge 
the whole from the specimen. 

Experimentum crucis (L), the ex- 
periment of the cross ; a decisive 
expenment ; a most searching test. 

Experto crede (L), trust one who 
has had experience. 

Ex post facto (L), after the deed is 
done. 

Ex tempore (L), off-hand ; without 
premeditation. 

Extra muros (L), beyond the walls. 

Ex UNO, disce omnes (L), from one, 
learn all ; from one you can judge 
of the whole. 

Ex usu (L), from or by use. 

Facetiae (L), witticisms ; humorous 
pleasantry. 

Facile princeps (L), evidently pre- 
eminent ; the admitted chief, 



Facilis est descensus Averni (L), 
the descent to hell is easy ; the road 
to evil is easy. 

Fac simile (L), an exact copy; a 
likeness. 

Fait accompli (F\ a thing already 
accomplished. 

Fas est et ab hoste doceri (L), 
it is well to learn, even from an 
enemy. 

Fata xMorgana (It), a meteoric phe- 
nomenon nearly allied to the mirage. 

Fata obstant (L), the Fates oppose 
it. 

Fauteuil (F), an easy-chair. 

Faux pas (F), a false step ; a mistake. 

Fecit (L), he made it; put after an 
artist's name. 

Felicitas multos habet amicos 
(L), prosperity has many friends. 

Feliciter (L), happily; successfully. 

Felo de se (L), a self-murderer ; one 
who commits felony by suicide. 

Femme couverte (F), a woman cov- 
ered or sheltered ; a married woman. 

Femme de chambre (F), a woman of 
the chamber ; a chambermaid. 

Femme sole (F), a single woman ; an 
unmarried woman. 

Fer.-e naturae (L), of a wild nature; 
— said of wild beasts. 

Festina lente (L), hasten slowly. 

Fete champetre (F), a rural festival. 

Fete Dieu (F)* the Corpus Christi 
festival of the Roman Catholic 
church. 

Feu de joie (F), a bonfire ; a dis- 
charge of firearms on joyful occa- 
sions. 

Fiat jugtitia, ruat ccelum (L), let 
justice be done, though the heavens 
should fall. 

Fidei defensor (L), defender of the 
faith. 

Fides Punica (L), Punic faith ; 
treachery. 

Fidus Achates (L), faithful Achates ; 
a true friend. 

Fille de chambre (F), a girl of the 
chamber ; a chambermaid. 

Finem respice (L), look to the end. 

Fit fabricando faber (L), a work- 
man is made by working ; practice 
makes perfect. 

Flagrante elicto (L), in the com- 
mission of the crime. 

Fort iter in re (L), with firmness in 
acting. 



QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. ±J 



FORTUNA FAVET FORTIBUS (F), for- 
tune favors the brave. 

Fronti nulla fides (L), no faith in 
the appearance ; there is no trusting 
to appearances. 

Fuit Ilium (L), Troy has been. 

Fulmen brutum (L), a harmless 
thunderbolt. 

Functus officio (L), having dis- 
charged his office. 

Furor loquendi (L), a rage for 
speaking. 

Furor poeticus (L), poetic fire. 

Furor scribendi (L), a rage for 
writing. 

Garde du corps (F), a body-guard. 

Garde mobile (F), a guard liable for 
general service. 

Gardez bien (F), guard well; take 
care. 

Genius loci (L), the genius of the 
place. 

Gens d'armes (F), armed police. 

Gens de lettres (F), literary people. 

Gens de meme famille (F), birds of 
a feather. 

Gentilhomme (F), a gentleman. 

Germanice (L), in German. 

Gloria in excelsis (L), glory to 
God in the highest. 

Gloria Patri (L), glory to the 
Father. 

Gradus ad Parnassum (L), a step to 
Parnassus, a mountain sacred to 
Apollo and the Musss ; a book con- 
taining aids in writing Greek or 
Latin poetiy. 

Grande parure (F), full-dress. 

Gratis dictum (L), mere assertion. 

Guerre a outrance (L), war to the 
uttermost. 

Guerre a mort (L), war to the death. 

Haud passibus ^EQUis (L), not with 
equal steps. 

Haut gout (F), fine or elegant taste ; 
high flavor or relish. 

Hie et ubique (L), here and every- 
where. 

Hie jacet (L), here lies. 

Htc labor, hoc opus est (L), this is 
labor, this is work. 

Hie sepultus (L), here buried. 

Hinc ill.e lacrim^e (L), hence pro- 
ceed these tears. 

Historiette (F), a little or short 
history ; a tale. 



Hoi polloi (Gr), the many ; the rab- 
ble. 

Hombre de un libro (Sp), a man of 
one book. 

Homme d'esprit (L), a man of tal- 
ent ; a witty man. 

Honi soit qui mal y pense (F), evil 
be to him who evil thinks. 

Honorarium (L), a fee paid to a pro- 
fessional man. 

Horribile dictu (L), terrible to be 
said. 

Hors de combat (F), out of condi- 
tion to fight. 

Hortus siccus (L), collection of dried 
plants. 

Hotel de ville (F), a town-hall. 

Hotel des Invalides (F), the mil- 
itary hospital in Paris. 

Humanum est errare (L), to err is 
human. 

Ich dien (G), I serve. 

Id est (L), that is ;— abbreviated to 
i. e. 

Imitatores servum pecus (L), im- 
itators, a servile herd. 

Imperium in imperio (L), a govern- 
ment within a government. 

In sternum (L), for ever. 

In armis (L), under arms. 

In articulo mortis (L), at the point 
of death. 

Index expurgatorius (L), a list of 
prohibited books. 

In esse (L), in being. 

In extenso (L), at full length. 

In extremis (L), at the point of 
death. 

In flagrante delicto (L), taken in 
the fact. 

In forma pauperis (L), in the form 
of a poor person. 

In foro conscientle (L), before the 
tribunal of conscience. 

Infra dignitatem (L), below one's 
dignity. 

In hoc signo vinces (L), under 
this sign or standard thou shalt con- 
quer. 

In hoc statu (L), in this state or 
condition. 

In limine (L), at the threshold. 

In loco (L), in the place. 

In loco parentis (L), in the place of 
a parent. 

In medias res (L), into the midst of 
things. 



28 QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 



In memoriam (L), to the memory of ; 

in memory. 
In nomine (L), in the name of. 
In nubibus (L), in the clouds. 
In pace (L), in peace. 
In perpetuum (L), for ever. 
In petto (L), within the breast ; in 

reserve. 
In pleno (L), in full. 
In posse (L), in possible existence ; 

that may be possible. 
In pr<esenti (L), at the present 

time. 
In propria persona (L), in one's 

own person. 
In puris naturalibus (L), in naked 

nature ; quite naked. 
In re (L), in the matter of. 
In rem (Lj, against the thing or prop- 
erty. 
In rerum natura (L), in the nature 

of things. 
In 9itu (L), in its original situation. 
Insouciance (F), indifference ; care- 
lessness. 
In statu quo (L), in the former state. 
Imer alia (L), among other things. 
Inter nos (L), between ourselves. 
Inter pocula (L), at one's cups. 
In terrorem (L), as a warning. 
Inter se (L), among themselves. 
In totidem verbis (L), in so many 

words. 
In toto (L), in the whole ; entirely. 
Intra muros (L), within the walls. 
In transitu (L), on the passage ; 

during the conveyance. 
In vacuo (L), in empty space ; free, 

or nearly free, from air. 
In vino Veritas (L), there is truth 

in wine. 
Invita Minerva (L), against the 

will of Minerva. 
Ipse dixit (L), he himself said it ; 

dogmatism. 
Ipsissima verba (L), the very words. 
Ipsissimis verbis (L), in the very 

words. 
Ipso facto (L), in the fact itself. 
Ira furor brevis est (L), anger is 
a short madness. 

J acta est ale a (L), the die is cast. 
Je ne sais quoi {F), I know not 

what. 
Jet d'eau (F), a jet of water. 
Jeu de mots (F), a play on words ; a 

pun. 



Jeu d' esprit (F), a play of spirit ; a 

witticism. 
Jubilate Deo (L), be joyful in the 

Lord. 
Judicium Dei (L), the judgment ol 

God. 
Jupiter tonans (L), Jupiter the 

thunderer. 
Jure divino (L), by divine law. 
Jure humano (L), by human law. 
Jus canonicum (L), canon law. 
Jus civile (L), civil law. 
Jus DrviNUM (L), divine law. 
Jus gentium (L), the law of nations. 
Juste milieu (F), the golden mean. 

Labore et honore (L), by labor and 
honor. 

Labor ipse voluptas (L), labor it- 
self is a pleasure. 

Labor omnia vincit (L), labor con- 
quers everything. 

La fame non vuol leggi (It), hun- 
ger obeys no laws. 

Laissez faire (F), let alone ; suffer 
to have its own way. 

Lapsus calami (L), a slip of the pen. 

Lapsus linguae (L), a slip of the 
tongue. 

Lapsus memorise (L), a slip of the 
memory. 

Lares et penates (L), domestic and 
household gods. 

Latet anguis in herba (L), a snake 
lies hid in the grass. 

Laudari a viro laudato (L), to be 
praised by a man who is himself 
praised. 

L'avknir (F), the future. 

Laus Deo (L), praise to God. 

Le beau monde (F), the fashionable 
world. 

Le bon temps viendra (F), the gcod 
time will come. 

Le grand monarque (F), the great 
monarch ; — applied to Louis XIV. of 
France. 

Le pas (F), precedence in place or 
rank. 

Le roi le veut (F), the king wills it. 

Lese majeste (L), high treason. 

L'etoile du nord (F), the star of the 
north ; — the motto of Minnesota. 

Le tout ensemble (F), all together. 

Lettre de cachet (F), a sealed let- 
ter ; a royal warrant. 

Lettre de marque (F), a letter of 
marque or reprisal. 



QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 29 



Lex non scripta (L), the unwritten 
law. 

Lex scripta (L), the written law ; 
the statute law. 

Lex talionis (L), the law of retalia- 
tion. 

Liberum arbitrium (L), free-will. 

Limje labor (L), the labor of the file; 
the slow polishing of a literary com- 
position. 

Lis sub judice (L), a case not yet 
decided. 

Lite pendente (L), the lawsuit 
hanging ; during the trial. 

Litera scripta manet (L), the writ- 
ten letter remains. 

Loci communes (L), common places. 

LOCOS Y NINOS DICEN LA VERDAD (S), 

children and fools speak the truth. 

Locum tenens (L), one holding the 
place ; a deputy or substitute. 

Locus standi (L), a place for stand- 
ing ; a right to interfere. 

Locus penitentle (L), place for re- 
pentance. 

Lusus nature (L), a sport or freak 
of nature. 

Ma chere (F), my dear— fern. 

Ma fois (F , upon my faith. 

Magna est Veritas et prevalebit 

(L), truth is great, and it will prevail. 
Magnum bonum (L), a great good. 
Magnum opus (L), a great work. 
Maintien (F), deportment ; carriage. 
Maison de sante (F), a private hos- 
pital. 
Maitre d'hotel (F), a house-steward. 
Malade du pays (F), home-sickness. 
Mala fide (L), with bad faith; treach- 
• erously. 

Mal a propos (F), ill-timed. 
Male parta male dilabuntur 

(L), things ill gotten are ill spent. 
Malgre nous (L), in spite of us. 
Manibus pedibusque (L), with hands 

and feet. 
Malum in se (L), bad in itself. 
Manu propria (L), with one's own 

hand. 
Mardi gras (F), Shrove Tuesday. 
Materfamilias (L), the mother of 

a family. 
Mauvais honte (F), false shame. 
Mauvais sujet (F), a bad subject ; 

a worthless fellow. 
Maximus in minimis (L), very great 

in trifling things. 



Medio tutissimus ibis (L), you will 
go most safely in a middle course. 

Megabiblion, mega kalon (Gr), a 
great book is a great evil. 

Me judice (L), I being judge ; in my 
opinion. 

Memento mori (L), remember death. 

Mens agitat molem (L), mind 
moves matter. 

Mens sana in corpore sana (L), a 
sound mind in a sound body. 

Mens sibi conscia recti (L), a mind 
conscious of rectitude. 

Meo periculo(L), at my own risk. 

Mesalliance (F), improper associa- 
tion ; marriage with one of lower 
station. 

Meum et tuum (L), mine and thine. 

Mirabile dictu (L), wonderful to be 
told. 

Mirabile visu (L), wonderful to be 
seen. 

Mise en scene (F), the getting up for 
the stage, or the putting in prepara- 
tion for it. 

Modus operandi (L), the manner of 
operation. 

Mollia tempora fandi (L), times 
favorable for speaking. 

Mon ami (F), my friend. 

Mon cher (F), my dear — masc. 

Montani semper liberi (L), moun- 
taineers are all always freemen ; — 
the motto of West Virginia. 

More ma jorum (L), after the manner 
of our ancestors. 

More suo (L), in his own way. 

Motu proprio (L), of his own ac- 
cord. 

Multum in parvo (L), much in 
little. 

Mundus vult decipi (L), the world 
wishes to be deceived. 

Mutatis mutandis (L), the necessary 
changes being made. 

Natale solum (L), natal soil. 

Necessitas non habet legem (L), 
necessity has no law. 

Nee (F), born ; family or maiden 
name. 

Ne exeat (L), let him not depart. 

Ne fronti crede (L), trust not to 
appearance. 

Nemine contradicente (L), with- 
out opposition. 

Nemijne dissentiente (L), no one 
dissenting ; without opposition. 



30 QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 



Nemo me impune lacessit (L), no 

one provokes me with impunity ; — 

the motto of Scotland. 
Nemo mortalium omnibus horis 

sapit (L), no one is wise at ail 

times. 
Nemo repentet fuit turpissimus 

(L), no man ever became a villain at 

once. 
Ne plus ultra (L), nothing further ; 

the uttermost point. 
Ne quid detrimenti respublica 

capiat (L), lest the republic or state 

receive any detriment. 
Ne sutor ultra crepidam (L), let 

not the shoemaker go beyond his 

last. 
Nihil ad rem (L), nothing to the 

point. 
Nil admirari (L), to wonder at noth- 
ing. 
Nil desperandum (L), never despair. 
N'importe (F), it matters not. 
Nisi Dominus, frustra (L), unless 

the Lord, in vain ; unless God be 

with us, all our toil is in vain. 
Nisi prius (L), unless previously ; — a 

name given to the sittings of juries 

in civil cases. 
Nitor in adversum (L), I strive 

against opposition. 
Noblesse oblige (L), rank has its 

obligations. 
No es todo oro lo que reluze 

(L), all is not gold that glitters. 
Nolens volens (L), whether he will 

or not. 
Noli me tangere (L), don't touch 

me. 
Nolle prosequi (L), to be unwilling 

to proceed. 
Nolo episcopari (L), I do not wish 

to be made a bishop. 
Nom de plume (F), an assumed title, 

as by a literary person. 
Nom de guerre (L), an assumed 

name ; a traveling title. 
Non compos mentis (L), not sound 

of mind. 
Non constat (L), it does not appear. 
Non ens (L), not being; nonentity. 
Non est inventus (L), he has not 

been found. 
Non libet (L), it does not please me. 
Non nobis solum (L), not merely for 

ourselves. 
Non liquet (L), it is not clear;— ap- 
plied to one undecided in mind. 



Non mi ricordo (It), I do not re- 
member. 

Non multa, sed multum (L), not 
many things, but much. 

Non obstante (L), not standing over 
against ; notwithstanding. 

Non prosequitur (L), he does not 
prosecute. 

Non sequitur (L), it does not fol- 
low ; an unwarranted conclusion. 

Nosce teipsum (L), know thyself. 

Noscitur a socus (L), he is known 
by his companions. 

Nota bene, usually contracted into 
N.B. (L), mark well; notice par- 
ticularly. 

Notre Dame (L), Our Lady. 

Nous verrons (F), we shall see. 

Novus homo (L), a new man ; one 
who has raised himself from ob- 
scurity. 

Nudum pactum (L), a mere agree- 
ment, unconfined by writing. 

Nulli secundus (L), second to none. 

Nunc aut nunquam (L), now or 
never. 

Nunquam non paratus (L), nevei 
unprepared. 

Obiter dictum (L), a thing said by 

the way, or in passing. 
Obsta principiis (L), resist the first 

beginnings. 
Oderint dum metuant (L), let them 

hate, provided they fear. 
Odi profanum (L), I loathe the pro- 
fane. 
Odium in longum jacens (L), long, 

lasting hatred. 
Odium medicum (L), the hatred of 

rival physicians. 
Odium theologicum (L), the hatred 

of theologians. 
Officina gentium (L), the workshop 

of the world. 
Ogni medaglia ha il suo riverso 

(It), every medal has its reverse. 
Ogniuno per se e Dio per tutti 

(It), every man for himself, and God 

for us all. 
Omne ignotum pro magnifico (L), 

everything unknown is thought to be 

magnificent. 
Omne solum forti patria (L), 

every soil to a brave man is his 

country. 
Omnia bona bonis (L), all things 

with the good are good. 



QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES, 3 



Omnia vincit amor (L), love con- 
quers all things. 

Omnia vincit labor (L), labor con- 
quers all things. 

On connait l'ami au besoin (F), a 
friend is known in time of need. 

On dit (F), they say ; a flying rumor. 

Onus probandi (L), the burden of 
proving. 

Oper^e pretium est (L), is it worth 
while. 

Opprobrium medicorum (L), the re- 
proach of physicians. 

Optimates (L), of the first rank. 

Ora e sempre (It), now and always. 

Or a et labora (L), pray and work. 

Ora pro nobis (L), pray for us. 

Orator fit, poeta nascitur (L), 
the orator is made, but the poet is 
born. 

Ore rotundo (L), with round full 
voice. 

O ! st sic omnia (L), O ! if all things 
so ! O that he had always done or 
spoken thus ! 

O tempora ! O mores ! (L), O the 
times ! O the manners ! 

Otium cum dignitate (L), ease with 
dignity ; dignified leisure. 

Otium sine dignitate (L), ease 
without dignity. 

Ouvrier-s (F), operatives ; workmen. 

Pace tua (L), with your consent. 

Pallida mors (L), pale death. 

Palmam qui meruit ferat (L), let 
him who has won it bear the palm. 

Par excellence (F), by way of emi- 
nence. 

Pari passu (L), with equal pace ; to- 
gether. 

Pas (F), action; step; precedence. 

Passim (L), everywhere; all through. 

Pater noster (L), Our Father— a 
term applied to the Lord's Prayer. 

Pater familias (L), the father of a 
family. 

Pater patriae (L), father of his 
country. 

Patres conscripti (L), conscript 
fathers; the ancient Roman senators. 

Pax in bello (L), peace in war. 

Peccavi (L), I have sinned. 

Penetralia (L), secret recess. 

Per annum (L), by the year. 

Per centum (L), usually contracted 
per cent., by the hundred ; each 
hundred. 



Per conto (It), upon account. 

Per contra (L), by the opposite ; 

contrariwise. 
Per diem (L), by the day ; daily. 
Per fas et nefas (L), through right 

and wrong. 
Per gradus (L), through steps ; step 

by step. 
Periculum in mora (L), danger in 

delay. 
Per saltum (L), by a leap or jump. 
Per Se (L), by itself. 
Personnel (F), the persons employed 
in any service, as distinguished from 
the materiel. 
Petit (F), small. 
Petitio principii (L), a begging of 

the question. 
Petit maitre (F), a small master ; a 

fop ; a beau. 
Pinxit (L), he painted it. 
Pis aller (F), the last or worst 

shift. 
Plebs (L), the common people. 
Pleno jure (L), with full authority. 
Poeia nascitur, non fit (L), the 

poet is born, not made. 
Point d'appui (F), point of support ; 

prop. 
Pons asinorum (L), the bridge of 
asses— a name given to the 5th prop- 
osition of the 1st book of Euclid. 
Populus vult decipi (L), people 

wish to be deceived. 
Posse comitatus (L), the power of 

the country. 
Poste restante (F), to remain till 
called for — applied to letters in a 
post-office. 
Post mortem (L), after death. 
Post obitum (L), after death. 
Pour passer le temps (F), to Dass 

away the time. 
Pour prendre conge (F), to take 

leave. 
Pr^monitus pr^munitus (L), fore- 
warned, forearmed. 
Prescriptum (L), a thing prescribed . 
Preux chevalier (F), a brave 

knight. 
Prima facie (L), on the first view. 
Primum mobile (L), the main-spring. 
Principia, non homines (L), princi- 
ples, not men. 
Principiis obsta (L), resist the first 

beginnings. 
Prior tempore, prior jure (L), 
first in time ; first by right. 



32 QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 



Pro aris et focis CL), for our altars 
and firesides. 

Probatum est (L), it is proved. 

Pro bono publico (L), for the public 
good. 

Proces verbal (L), a written state- 
ment. 

Pro et con (L), for and against. 

Profanum vulgus (L), the profane 
vulgar. 

Pro forma (L), for the sake of form. 

Pro hac vice (L), for this time or 
occasion. 

Proh pudor ! (L), O, for shame ! 

Pro jet de loi (F), a legislative bill. 

Pro memoria (L), for a memorial. 

Pro patria (L), for our country. 

Propaganda fide (L), for extending 
the faith. 

Pro rata (L), in proportion. 

Pro rege, grege, et lege (L), for 
the king, the people, and the law. 

Pro re nata (L), for a special emer- 
gency ; special. 

Pro tanto (L), for so much. 

Pro tempore (L), for the time being. 

Punica fides (L), Punic faith ; 
treachery. 

Quaere (L), query; a word denoting 
inquiry. 

Quamdiu se bene gesserit (L), dur- 
ing good behavior. 

Quantum meruit (L), as much as he 
deserved. 

Quantum sufficit (L), as much as is 
sufficient ; a sufficient quantity. 

Quasi (L), as if ; in a manner. 

Quelque chose (L), something; a 
trifle ; a kickshaw. 

Quid nunc ? (L), what now ? a news- 
monger. 

Quid pro quo (L), one thing for an- 
other. 

Quid rides ? (L), why do you laugh? 

Qui transtulit sustinet (L), he 
who transplanted still sustains ; — 
motto of Connecticut. 

Qui m'aime, aime mon chien (F), 
love me, love my dog. 

Qui nimium probat nihil probat 
(L), he who proves too much proves 
nothing. 

Qu. f vive ? (F), who goes there ? on 
the qui vive, on the alert. 

Quod erat demonstrandum (L), 
which was to be proved or demon- 
strated. 



Quod erat faciendum (L), which 

was to be done. 
Quod vide (L), which see. 
Quondam (L), that was formerly; 

former. 
Quos Deus vult perdere, prius 

dementat (L), those whom God 

wishes to destroy, He first makes 

mad. 
Quot homines, tot sententle (L), 

so many men, so many minds. 

Rara avis (L), a rare bird ; a prod- 
igy. 

Rechauffe (F), heated again, as 
food ; stale ; old. 

Reductio ad absurdum (L), a reduc- 
ing to an absurdity. 

Regnant populi (L), the people rule; 
— motto of Arkansas. 

Re infecta (L), the business being 
unfinished. 

Religio loci (L), the religious spirit 
of the place. 

Rem acu tetigisti (L), you have 
touched the thing with a needle. 

Renaissance (F), revival, as of let- 
ters or art. 

Rentes (F), funds bearing interest ; 
stocks. 

Requiescat in pace (L), may he rest 
in peace. 

Res angusta domi (L), narrow cir- 
cumstances at home ; poverty. 

Res est sacra miser (L), a suffering 
person is sacred. 

Res gestae (L), exploits. 

Respice finem (L), look to the end. 

Resurgam (L), I shall rise again. 

Revenons a nos moutons (F), let ua 
return to our subject. 

Re vera (L), in the true matter ; in 
truth. 

Robe de chambre (F), a dressing- 
gown, or morning-gown. 

Ruat ccelum (L), let the heavens fall. 

Ruse de guerre (F), a stratagem of 
war. 

Rus in urbe (L), the country in town. 

Sal Atticum (L), Attic salt — that is, 
wit. 

Salus populi suprema est lex (L), 
the welfare of the people is the su- 
preme law ; — motto of Missouri. 

Salvo jure (L), saving the right. 

Sanctum sanctorum (L), the holy of 
holies, 



QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 33 



Sang froid (F), cold blood ; coolness. 
Sans ceremonie (F), without cere- 
mony. 
Sans facon (F), without form or 

trouble. 
Sans peur et sans reproche (F), 

without fear and without reproach. 
Sartor resartus (L), the tailor 

mended. 
Satis verborum (L), enough of 

words. 
Sauve qui peut (F), save himself 

who can. 
Secundum artem (L), according to 

art or rule ; scientifically. 
Secundum naturam (L), according 

to nature. 
Secundum ordinem (L), according 

to order ; in order. 
Semel et simul (L), once and to- 
gether. 
Semel pro semper (L), once for all. 
Semper idem (L), always the same. 
Semper paratus (L), always ready. 
Se non e vero, e ben trovato (It), 

if it is not true, it is well feigned. 
Sic itur ad astra (L), such is the 

way to immortality. 
Sic passim (L), so everywhere. 
Sic semper tyrannis (L), ever so to 

tyrants ; — motto of Virginia. 
Sic transit gloria mundi (L), so 

earthly glory passes away. 
Sic volo, sic jubeo (L), thus I will ; 

thus I command. 

SlMILIA SIMILIBUS CURANTUR (L), 

like things are cured by like things. 

SlMILIS SIMILI GAUDET (L), like is 

pleased with like. 

Si monumentum qu^eris circum- 
spice (L), if you seek his monu- 
ment, look around. 

Sine die (L), without a day ap- 
pointed. 

Sine qua non (L), an indispensable 
condition. 

Siste, viator ! (L), stop, traveler ! 

Si vis pacem, para bellum (L), if 
you wish peace, prepare for war. 

Soi-disant (F), self-styled. 

Spero meliora (L), I hope for bet- 
ter things. 

Spirituel (F), intellectual ; witty 

Spolia opima (L), in ancient Rome, 
the spoils of a vanquished general 
taken by the victorious general ; a 
rich booty. 

Sponte sua (L), of one's own accord. 



Statu quo ante bellum (L), in the 
state which was before the war. 

Status quo (L), the state in which. 

Stet (L), let it stand. 

Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re 
( L), gen tie in manners.brave in deed. 

Sub judice (L), under consideration. 

Sub pcena (L), under a penalty. 

Sub rosa (L), privately. 

Sub silentio (L), in silence or still- 
ness. 

Sui generis (L), of its own kind. 

Summum bonum (L), the chief good. 

SUMMUM JUS, SUMMA INJURIA (L), 

the rigor of the law is the height of 
oppression. 

Surgit amari ALIQUID (L), some- 
thing bitter arises. 

Suum cuique (L), let each have his 
own. 

Tableau vivant (F), the represen- 
tation of some scene by groups of 
persons. 

Tabula rasa (L), a smooth or blank 
tablet. 

Tedium vit^e (L), weariness of life. 

Tant pis (L), so much the worse. 

Te Deum (L), a hymn of thanksgiv- 
ing. 

Tempora mutantur, et nos muta- 
mur in illis (L), the times are 
changed, and we are changed with 
them. 

Tempus fugit (L), time flies. 

Terminus ad quem (L), the time to 
which. 

Terminus a quo (L), the time from 
which. 

Terra firma (L), solid earth. 

Terra incognita (L), an unknown 
country. 

Tertium quid (L), a third some- 
thing. 

Tete-a-tete (F), head to head ; a pri- 
vate conversation. 

Toga virilis (L), the gown of man- 
hood. 

To kalon (Gr), the beautiful; the 
chief good. 

Totidem verbis (L), in just so many 
words. 

Toties quoties (L), as many as. 

Toto ccelo (L) , by the whole heavens ; 
diametrically opposite. 

Toujours pret (F), always ready. 

Tour de force (F), a feat of strength 
or skill, 



34 QUOTATIONS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES. 



Tout-a-fait (F), entirely ; wholly. 
Tout ensemble (F), the whole taken 

together. 
Troja fuit (L), Troy was. 
Trottoir (F), a sidewalk. 
Tu quoque, Brute! (L), and thou, 

too, Brutus ! 
Tutor et ultor (L), protector and 

avenger. 
Tuum est (L), it is your own. 

Ubi mel, ibi apes (L), where honey 
is, there are bees. 

Ultima ratio regum (L), the last 
argument of kings ; war. 

Ultima Thule (L), the utmost 
boundary or limit. 

Un bien fait n'est jamais perdu 
(F), a kindness is never lost. 

Un fait accompli (L), an accom- 
plished fact. 

UiNGUIbus et rostro (L), with claws 
and beak. 

Usque ad nauseam (L), to disgust. 

Usus loquendi (L), usage in speak- 
ing. 

Utile dulci (L), the useful with the 
pleasant. 

Ur infra (L), as below. 

Uti possidetis (L), as you possess ; 
state of present possession. 

Ut supra (^L-X as above stated. 

Vade mecum (L), go with me. 

Vale (L), farewell. 

Valet de chambre (F), an attend- 
ant ; a footman. 

Vari^e lectiones (L), various read- 
ings. 

Variorum not^: (L), the notes of 
various authors. 

Veni, vidi, vici (L), I came, I saw, 
I conquered. 

Vera pro gratiis (L), truth before 
favor. 

Verbatim et literatim (L), word 
for word, and letter for letter. 

Verbum sat sapienti (L), a word is 
enough for a wise man. 

Veritas prevalebit (L), the truth 
will prevail. 

Veritas vincit (L), truth conquers. 



Vestigia (L), tracks ; vestiges. 
Vestigia nulla retrorsum (L), no 

footsteps backward. 
Vexata qu^estio (L), a disputed 

question. 
Vice (L), in the place of. 
Vice versa (L), the terms being ex- 
changed. 
Videlicet (L), to wit; namely. 
Vide ut supra (L), see what is stated 

above. 
Vi et armis (L), by force and by 

arms ; by main force. 
Vincit, qui se vincit (L), he con- 
quers who overcomes himself. 
Vinculum matrimonii (L), the bond 

of marriage. 
Virtus laudatur, et alget (L), 

virtue is praised, and is not cherished 

(is starved). 
Virtus semper viridis (L), virtue 

is ever green and blooming. 
Vis inertia (L), the power of inertia ; 

resistance. 
Vivat regina ! (L), long live the 

queen ! 
Vivat rex ! (L), long live the king ! 
Viva voce (L), by the living voice ; 

by oral testimony. 
Vivat respublica ! (L), long live the 

republic ! 
Vive la republique ! (F), long live 

the republic ! 
Vive l'empereur ! (F), long live the 

emperor ! 
Vive le roi ! (F), long live the king ! 
Voila (F), behold ; there is or there 

are. 
Volens et potens (L), able and 

willing ; — motto of Nevada. 
Volente Deo (L), God willing. 
Volenti non fit injuria (L), no 

injustice is done to the consenting 

person. 
Vox et pr,etera nihil (L), a voice 

and nothing more ; sound without 

sense. 
Vox populi, vox Dei (L), the voice 

of the people is the voice of God. 
Vulgo (L), commonly. 
Vultus est index animi (L), the 

face is the index of the mind. 



CHAPTER X. 
STATES, TERRITORIES, AND CITIES. 



States and Territories. 


Area in 
Sq. Miles. 


Capitals. 


Alabama 


52,250 

577,39o 

113,020 

53,850 

158,360 

103,925 

4,99o 

2,050 

70 

58,680 

59,475 

84,800 

56,6150 

36,3*5o 

64,690 

56,025 

82,080 

40,400 

48,720 

33, 4o 

12,210 

8,3i5 

58,915 

83,356 

46,810 

69,415 

146,080 

76,855 

1 10,700 

9,305 

7,8i5 


Montgomery. 
Sitka. 


Alaska Territory 


Arizona Territory 


Phcenix. 


Arkansas 


Little Rock. 


California 


Sacramento. 


Colorado 

Connecticut 


Denver. 
Hartford. 


Delaware 


Dover. 


District of Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia. 


Washington. 
Tallahassee. 
Atlanta. 


Idaho 


Boise City. 
Springfield. 
Indianapolis. 
Tahlequah. 
Des Moines. 


Illinois 


Indiana 


Indian Territory 


Iowa 


Kansas 

Kentucky 


Topeka. 
Frankfort. 


Louisiana 


Baton Rouge. 
Augusta. 
Annapolis. 
Boston. 


Maine 


Maryland 

Massachusetts 




Lansing. 
St. Paul. 


Minnesota 


Mississippi 


Jackson. 
Jefferson City. 
Helena. 


Missouri <>.... 

Montana . . * 


Nebraska 


Lincoln. 




Carson City. 
Concord. 


New Hampshire 




Trenton. 



(35) 



36 STATES, TERRITORIES, AND CITIES. 

STATES, TERRITORIES, AND CITIES— continued. 



States and Territories. 


Area in 
Sq. Miles. 


Capitals. 


New Mexico Territory 

New York 

North Carolina 


122,580 
49,170 
52,250 

149,100 
41,060 
96,030 

45,215 
1,250 

3o,57o 
149,100 

42,050 
265,780 

84,900 

9:565 
42,450 
69,180 
24,780 
56,040 
97,890 


Santa Fe. 

Albany. 

Raleigh. 


North Dakota 


Bismarck. 


Ohio 


Columbus. 


Oregon 


Salem. 


Pennsylvania 


Harrisburg. 
Newport and Prov. 
Columbia. 


Rhode Island 


South Carolina 


South Dakota 


Pierre. 


Tennessee 


Nashville. 


Texas 


Austin. 


Utah Territory 


Salt Lake City. 

Montpelier. 

Richmond. 


Vermont 


Virginia 


Washington 


Olympia. 
Charleston. 


West Virginia 


Wisconsin 


Madison. 


Wyoming 


Cheyenne. 




Total U. S 


3,745,621 


, 







abbreviations of states and territories. 



Alabama Ala. 

Alaska Territory Alaska 

Arizona Territory Ariz. 

Arkansas Ark. 

California Cal. 

Colorado Colo. 

Connecticut Conn. 

Delaware Del. 

District of Columbia. . .D. C. 

Florida Fla. 

Georgia Ga. 

Idaho Idaho. 

Illinois 111. 

Indiana Ind. 



Indian Territory Ind. T. 

Iowa Iowa. 

Kansas Kans. 

Kentucky Ky. 

Louisiana La. 

Maine Me. 

Maryland Md. 

Massachusetts Mass. 

Michigan Mich. 

Minnesota Minn. 

Mississippi Miss. 

Missouri Mo. 

Montana Mont. 

Nebraska Neb. 



STATES, TERRITORIES, AND CITIES. 



37 



Nevada Nev. 

New Hampshire N. H. 

New Jersey N. J. 

New Mexico Territory ..N.Mex 

New York N. Y. 

North Carolina N. C. 

North Dakota N. Dak 

Ohio Ohio. 

Oklahoma Okla. 

Oregon Ore. 

Pennsylvania Pa. 

Rhode Island R. I. 



South Carolina S. C. 

South Dakota S.Dak. 

Tennessee Tenn. 

Texas Tex. 

Utah Territory Utah. 

Vermont Vt. 

Virginia Va. 

Washington Wash. 

West Virginia W. Va 

Wisconsin Wis. 

Wyoming Wyo. 



38 PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



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CHAPTER XI. 

SHORT RULES FOR INTEREST, AND FOREIGN 
MONEY. 



SHORT INTEREST RULE. 

Required, the interest on $25,000 from July 14 to September 
9, at 6 %. 

Solution: July 14 to 31 = 17 days 
August =31 " 

September = 9 " 



57 



. \ \\\ » 

2 \ 

2) 47 S- 



Answer: $237.50. 

Explanation : First the number of days is found. The prin- 
cipal is multiplied by the number of days X the rate of interest, 
and the product is divided by the number of days in the year 
X 100^. Cancellation renders this an easy and rapid process. 

Interest is usually figured on a basis of 360 days in the year ; 
hence this number is used in_tbe example. 



TO REDUCE % TO £, AND VICE VERSA. 

Required — the equivalent in English money of $625 with 
exchange at $4.88. 

(41) 



42 



FOREIGN MONEY 



Solution : 

4.88)625.00(128 



1370 
976 

3940 
3904 



36 
20 

488)720(1 



Anszuer: 
£128. 1/ sHd. 



232 
12 

488)2784(5^ 
2440 

344 
Explanation : Divide the $ by the rate of exchange ; the 
even quotient will be the number of £. Multiply the remainder 
by 20 (the number of shillings in a pound), and divide by the 
rate ; the quotient will be the number of shillings. Multiply 
the remainder by 12 (pence in a shilling) and divide as before. 
The quotient will be the number of pence. 

Required — the equivalent in American money of ^128 1/ $){d, 
exchange at $4.88. 

Solution : 

128.05 
4.88 

102440 
102440 
51220 



624.8840 
$%d= .115 

$624,999 
Explanation : On ? shilling is ¥ V, or .05, of a £. Multiply 
the number of pounds by the rate, and add to the product 
twice the number of pence — a penny being equal to about 2 cento. 



PART II. 

BUSINESS LETTERS. 



Soliciting Advertisements. 

New York, August 3, 1892. 

Messrs. J. Robertson & Co., 

City. 
Gentlemen : — 

It is a conceded fact by those who have tried them, that 
the leading Magazines as advertising mediums are without 
equals, and I desire thus early to call your attention to them in 
order that after consideration there may be time to prepare 
copy and forward your order in season to catch all the fall 
issues, commencing with October, for which I should have copy 
by August nth. 

The experience of my customers warrants me in saying that 
the magazines are without exception the best paying periodicals 
for advertisers that are published. With a circulation extend- 
ing throughout the entire Union, going to a class of people who 
have the money to buy what they want, they present to the 
advertiser a medium for his announcements which, having 
proved in the past extremely remunerative to him, is a good 
augury for the future. 

Hoping that your consideration of this class of mediums will 
result in my being favored with an order for the coming season's 

(43) 



44 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

business, keeping in mind that in dealing with me you are deal- 
ing at headquarters, I am, with great respect, 

Yours very truly, 

Walter J. Powning. 

P.S. — If you have not my illustrated catalogue, I shall be 
pleased to send it to you on application. 

No. I. — 221 words. 

(Another.) 

New York, Sept. 21, 1892. 
Gentlemen :— 

As a short supplement to our pleasant interview to-day, 
I send you a few testimonials from readers and advertisers as to 
the value of our Magazine, and these are characteristic of a 
large number we are constantly receiving. 

As special! y indicating the adaptation of our paper to your pur- 
poses, a thoughtful writer has said in a late number of Printer s 
Ink, that " Your paper is the leading one among the weeklies 
for investment advertising, which would seem to indicate that 
it has a circulation among the ' moneyed men.' " 

I should be glad to use my best effort to make your advertise- 
ment with us a pronounced success. 

Yours very truly, 

No. 2.— 117 words. Thos. Hubbard. 

(Another.) 

New Haven, Conn., Oct. 14, 1892. 
Geo. W. Coleman, Esq., 

86 Federal St., Boston. 
Dear Sir:— 

It is an old saying that nothing succeeds like success. If 
this is true of everything, it is true of advertising. The most 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 45 

careful judgment, the ^most conscientious painstaking, the 
largest capital, often fails, where the genius for success quietly 
walks off with the prize. 

We are happy in being able to say that the advertising pages 
of the enclosed magazines are proving themselves a success, 
both to the advertisers and the publishers. We especially 
solicit your orders for our next issue (December Number) which 
will be out on the 28th of the preceding month, giving the pur- 
chasers of holiday goods ample time in which to make their 
selections. 

We go to press on the 15th. 

Yours respectfully, 

No. 3. — 137 words. Archibald J. Murphy. 

(Another.) 

Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 28, 1891. 
Mr. E. F. Mason, Publisher, 

Trenton, N. J. 
Dear Sir: — 

For some reason unknown to us, we find that while you 
are advertising your business largely in other publications, you 
have either overlooked or undervalued our publications, the 
" Illustrated Companion " and the " Household Friend," as 
advertising, mediums. It cannot be that the matter has been 
overlooked, for we have been as persistent as possible in placing 
our claim for recognition before you. All those who have ever 
given our columns a trial are highly pleased with the result. 
Now, whether we receive your order direct or through your 
advertising agent, makes little difference to us. What we want 
is simply a trial order, for we are satisfied we will have then 
obtained a regular patron. May we be so favored ? 
Yours very truly, 
No. 4.— 141 words. Atlantic Publishing Co. 



46 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

(Another.) 

New York, Sept. 21, 1892. 
Gentlemen : — 

May we not further your interests in a field peculiarly 
our own by your use of our columns for an advertisement. We 
have a circulation of 23,000 each weekly issue among very 
enthusiastic men and women of this city and elsewhere. 

I enclose a few testimonials which will show its worth to 
discriminating advertisers. 

Trusting to be favored with your advertisement, which I 
should be pleased to receive either directly or through your 
advertising agent, I remain, 

Yours very truly, 

No. 5. — 88 words.- Rowell Wilson. 

Answer to Solicitation to Advertise. 

Dallas, Texas, Sept. 6, 1892. 
Gentlemen :— 

I am in receipt of your esteemed favor of. the 3d inst. 
and note your solicitation for an advertisement from me. While 
I have never attempted to reach out-of-town buyers to any 
great extent, I feel disposed, in view of the experience of cer- 
tain friends of mine in the same branch of business, to make an 
attempt in that direction. 

I feel favorably disposed toward your magazine, for I believe, 
in common with two or three others which I have in mind, it 
reaches the especial class to whose attention I desire to call my 
goods ; and I therefore write to ask you what rates you will 
make me for, say, one-half page for six months and for a year. 

This space I would like (as I presume every other advertiser 
desires space) opposite a page of reading matter, and I presume, 
judging from the arrangement of your pages, this will not be a 
difficult matter. 

If your price is satisfactory, I shall send you copy for the Oc- 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 47 

tober number, which I understand is published about the 25th 
of the present month. 

I am anxious to have it inserted in readiness for the holidays. 
Awaiting your prompt reply, I am 

Yours very truly, 
No. 6. — 214 words. Francis J. Somers. 

Asking for Advertising Rates. 

J. Johnston Franklyn, Esq., 

Phila., Pa. 
Dear Sir:— 

I have received recently from you a circular letter, call- 
ing my attention to your list of standard magazines, and to the 
advantages of advertising therein. I would like to take from 
you a list of prominent magazines, which have a large household 
circulation particularly throughout the New England, Middle,and 
Southern States ; and also a table of rates for advertisements of 
not less than three inches and to be inserted for not less than 
six months, in the entire list ; said list to comprise about 1 5 to 
20 or 25 magazines. 
Kindly give me a prompt reply, and oblige 

Yours respectfully, 

No. 7. — 112 words. Thos. J. Godfrey. 



Reply to Same. 

Philadelphia, Pa., March 10, 1892. 

Thos. J. Godfrey, Esq., Sec'y, 

Scranton, Pa. 
Dear Sir: — 

I am in receipt of your letter of the 8th with inquiry 
regarding space in a selected list of 15 or 20 magazines, as 
specified. 

In reply I beg to say that I can furnish you 3 inches space in 



48 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

each and all of the magazines mentioned in the following list, 
at $522 50 per month, for advertisements running not less than 
six months. 

This price is cash payable monthly, at the end of each month. 
It is only by special efforts that I have been able to obtain a 
discount which will allow me to name such a reasonable price. 

Awaiting your valued favors, which I assure you will have 
prompt and careful attention, I remain 

Yours very respectfully, 

No. 8.— 136 words. J. Johnston Franklyn. 



Inquiry on Price of Railroad Stock. 

New York, April 5, 1892. 

Charles Wilson, Esq., Secretary, 

Boston. 
Dear Sir:— 

We have just received an inquiry from one of our friends 
in London, as to the probable value of ten shares of the stock 
of the old Massachusetts railroad. 

We know that there have been no transactions in this stock 
for many years; in fact that the road has been out of existence 
ever since the Springfield division of the Boston and Albany road 
was organized. It is probable, however, that you may be able 
to find a purchaser for it, or be able to tell where we can likely 
dispose of it. 

If you will let us know by return mail either one or the other 
of these things, we will be very greatly obliged to you. 

Hoping to hear from you soon, we are 

Yours very truly, 

Thomas Wilson & Co. 
No. 9. — 149 words. per Herbert M. Teets. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 49 



Regarding State Bonds. 

Office of H. H. Johnson, Banker, 
No. 19 Wall Street, 

New York, January 18, 1871. 
My Dear Smith: — 

Your letters have been received. Be assured that I am 
counselling for the best interests of all concerned. The bonds 
have sold to-day on the street at 55. There has been a great 
panic in them. The State loans are openly talked upon the 
streets, — that lam carrying money for the State officers in rail- 
roads ; and that the Governor and Treasurer tried to raise a 
million and a half while in the city. The whole matter seems 
to be known here, as I feared. Parties who have loans refused 
to lend more than 35 per cent., so much is public confidence 
shaken, and they are calling on me for large amounts of extra 
collaterals. I have had to buy $ioo,coo of bonds to stop the 
panic, and now 59 to 59K is the quotation. The tide seems to 
be turned, and all is safe. 

I must have money from taxes before 15th February. Use 
every possible energy to hasten collection of taxes, and forward 
the money to me. It will not do to sell another bond at present. 
You must economize drafts on me to the greatest extent. There 
is danger of using up all my collaterals if the panic continues. 
Our great safety is collection of taxes. I have the " papers " 
preparing, and some others which will be very advantageous, 
but it would be ruin to use them now. 

Please show this letter to Chambers, as I have no time to 
write another. 

Respectfully, etc., 

No. 10.— 272 words. (Signed) H. H. JOHNSON. 



$0 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

(Another.) 

Office of H. H. Johnson, Banker, 

No. 19 Wall Street, 

New York, June 4, 1870. 
Friend Smith: — 

Your letter of the 1st instant is received. I answered you, on 
receipt of your letter, that part of the first mortgage bonds were 
in use as collaterals, having advanced between 30,000 and 40,000 
to the company, and that the first mortgage bonds would be 
returned at once on receipt of the guaranteed bonds. The 
guaranteed bonds have not been sent to me by the company, 
and more drafts are liable to be made on me by the company, 
so that the first mortgage bonds are needed till the others arrive. 
You have no risk in the matter, as you shall have the first mort- 
gage bonds if the guaranteed are sent to me for sale or to use. 

Our State loans are too large here, and it is of vital import- 
ance that you hasten the collection of taxes. 

We have considerable to do for our railroad finances. I have 
a plan to propose to the friends. I trust that you will forward 
letters for reference so as to reach here certainly on Friday. 
That will enable me to leave Friday or Saturday. I shall have 
to leave about that time, or else not for some weeks. 

We should contract our State obligations. It will help in 
other ways and strengthen us in every respect. 

Truly yours, 

No. I I .—238 words. (Signed) H. H. Johnson. 

Banker's Letter to Foreign Correspondent. 

New York, September 19, 1887. 
Messrs. Smith, Jones & Co., 

London, England. 

Gentlemen : — 

We beg to acknowledge since our last writing on the 
1 2th, the receipt of your favor of the 6th instant, together with : 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 51 

$10,000 United New Jersey 6 s , 1901, 
6,000 Philadelphia & Erie 1st, 
3,000 Northern Central Cons. Gen'l, 
^3,000 Massachusetts Sterling 5 s , 1894, 
$2,600 Delaware & Hudson 7 s , 1894, ex April Coupon. 

Code. — We send you a cipher word which we think will 
cover the inquiry which you occasionally wish to make as to the 
offering of bonds yielding \%fc, on roads which have paid 
dividends on their common stock, etc. In case it does not ex- 
press what you wish to convey, please alter it and advise us of 
the alteration. 

Cabling. — We note your correction of the phrase " if you 
can get the turn of the market," etc. This we have understood 
heretofore quite contrary to your construction, and will be 
governed accordingly hereafter. 

Financial. — We bought the cable transfer for £1 5,000, which 
we sent you yesterday, at a little below $4.88^, as per debit 
memorandum enclosed, and have received from the Southern 
National Bank $75,000, to your credit. 

Bradford Junction. — We watched our market carefully 
on your order to sell the preferred stock, but found it difficult 
to place - it, seller's option. The market for preferred shares 
still continuous very narrow and it is difficult to trade in the 
stock. No doubt you are aware of the rise in Common 
stock, but as you did not express a desire to have the quotations 
continued, we refrained from cabling them. 

Southern Railroad of Texas. — Since the receivership, 
business in these securities has almost ceased owing to the fact 
that our public do not know what the result will be. Much 
speculation is indulged in, but nothing definite can be ascer- 
tained. If the lease to the Mexican Northern should be held 
valid and the reorganization plan of the latter company succeed, 
we see no reason why the bonds should not be better hereafter, 
but this is all a matter for the Courts to decide, and it is difficult 
for any one to form an idea on the subject. 

Our buyer for Chicago 3%* has intimated that he might take 
more of them providing the price could be made somewhat 
lower. We have therefore asked you to keep us informed on 



52 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

the subject. Our impression is that he will take another 
$100,000 if the price can be made to suit him. 

We are sending you to-day under registered cover 

$5,000 St. Joseph & Gr. Island 5 s , and 
^700 Draft on Mason & Co., for collection and credit. 
Yours very truly, 
No. 1 2.-453 words. Walbridge, Hastings & Co. 

Banker's Letter to Foreign Correspondent. 

Philadelphia, October 14, 1891. 
Messrs. Wheeler & Merriam, 

Glasgow, Scotland. 
Dear Sirs:— 

Since writing you on the 1st inst. we have received your 
esteemed favor of 27th ult. with enclosures, as stated. 

Milwaukee General Bonds.— It is difficult to sell these 
bonds without stipulating what coupons they are to carry. As 
we understand from the Committee, it is not decided what 
coupon the new bonds will have on when issued, and they are 
not likely to be issued before sometime in December. We 
therefore, in our sale of the $10,000, stipulated that if the bonds 
carry the August coupon, the buyer is to have the same. If, 
however, they are issued with the February 1892 coupon on 
the buyer is only entitled to that coupon. We have sold these 
bonds to a private investor and cabled you to that effect, so that 
you might know there is no ready market for them. We may 
succeed in selling him $10,000 to $20,000 more at about 89, and 
shall know more about it to-morrow. In your transactions it is 
well that you stipulate what coupons are to be on the bonds, 
and cable us to that effect, so that we may be governed accord- 
ingly. 

Ottawa Canning Company. — These bonds are a 4^ gold 
bond, due 191 9, coupons April and October, principal and 
interest guaranteed by the Oil City Railroad Co. on the back 
of each bond, as far as we can learn, and in turn you will find 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 53 

in the copy of the lease between the Oil City R. R. Co. and 
the Olean & Bradford R. R. Co., which we sent you, that the 
O. & B. assumes payment of all the obligations of the Oil 
City R. R. There is therefore no question about the O. & B.'s 
guarantee of the principal and interest of these bonds, although 
it does not appear on the back. We have submitted that part 
of the lease to our counsel and he has confirmed our interpreta- 
tion of it. We are negotiating for the purchase of the bonds, 
but it may take a few days before it is decided, as the owner is 
out of town. Under the circumstances, we consider the bonds 
very cheap, and if we succeed in getting them, they ought to 
pay a very handsome profit. 

We enclose the second section of the mortgage regarding the 
Sinking Fund of these bonds. It is doubtful whether they can 
be had below 96 with the April coupon on, and as to marketing 
the same here, we have never heard of any sales. The bonds 
are not known in the market, owing to the fact that the issue 
is small and they have only been issued a short time. We are 
awaiting the result of our request to have the Company send 
us a financial statement of their operations, and hope to have 
the same by Tuesday morning. If so, we will probably make 
the purchase, unless we hear from you to the contrary. As far 
as we can judge the bonds, they are certainly good as to inter- 
est, and we think the principal is fairly well secured aside from 
the question of guarantee, as the Sinking Fund will probably 
liquidate the indebtedness before they become due. There are 
no more offered and it is doubtful whether any more can be had. 

We are making you no shipments by this mail. The Benton 
& Williamsport 5 s will go forward by next Wednesday's steamer ; 
we have been unable to get them delivered to-day. 

We have indicated the state of the market in our various 
cables. 

Awaiting your valued favors, we remain, 

Yours very truly, 
No. 13.— 615 words. Ivan Leeser & Co. 



54 BUSINESS LETTERS. 



Inquiry on Mining Stock. 

New York, April 12, 1892. 

Thomas F. Jenkins, Esq., 

Boston. 
Dear Sir:— 

We have been approached by parties in this section, who 
have a large block of stock in the Cashmere silver mine. We 
understand that this mine is very productive, and that its yield 

is in the neighborhood of $ per month. If this is the case 

the expenses figured at the highest average rate ought not to 

exceed $ leaving a monthly surplus of $ , which ought 

to pay a dividend of between 7 and &% each half year on the 
stock, leaving a reasonable amount for new machinery, improve- 
ments, etc. 

We understand that most of the stock is in the hands of four 
or five individuals, and that the amount held outside of these 

parties cannot be over $ . Certain it is that we have never 

before found any of it for sale, nor have we ever heard of any 
sales being made. 

This it seems to us is a rare and very favorable opportunity 
for buying the stock at a low price, and knowing that you are 
interested in several similar enterprises, we take the liberty of 
putting it before you. 

It can be had at the very low price of 146, at which price it 
pays remarkably well as an investment. 

Trusting that you can find a buyer for all, or the greater part 
of it, we are 

Yours very truly, 

No. 14.— 239 words. H. M. Teets. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 55 

Payment of Coupons. 

Philadelphia, Aug. 20, 1892. 
Messrs. Winslow, Kidder & Co., 

New York. 
Gentlemen : — 

Once more we are approaching the time for the payment 
of coupons on the Blank Railroad first mortgage bonds, and 
by tlie end of this month the funds necessary for such payment 
should be in the bank here. 

There is a rumor that the Company is without the necessary 
cash, and may be unable to obtain it. This, of course, creates 
considerable uneasiness, and in order to allay the fears of the 
investors in the bonds, we think it only right that you should 
send us a statement of the earnings of the road, both gross and 
net, since the first of January. Upon receipt of same, we will 
at once arrange for its publication, and thus save the credit of 
the Company to a very great extent. 

We think that there is little doubt but that the coupons will 
be paid promptly, as, from our knowledge of the road and its 
earnings, we are confident that there is no danger or even pos- 
sibility of a default on the bonds. 

Awaiting an early reply, we remain 

Yours truly, 

No. 1 5.— 195 words. Francis J. Morgan & Sons. 

Report of Expert on Railroad. 

Office of Foster Cornwall, 

Consulting Civil Engineer, 

M. Am. Soc. C. E. 
New York, May 27, 1892. 
Messrs. Harvey, James & Co., 

New York City. 
Gentlemen : — 

I am in receipt of your favor of even date requesting 
particulars regarding the physical condition of the Evansville & 
Terre Haute and the Evansville & Indianapolis R.R. to supple- 



56 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

ment my report of March 24th upon the Evansville & Rich- 
mond R.R. By reference to that report, it will be seen that the 
detailed examination of the physical condition upon which it is 
based was confined in its scope to the Evansville & Richmond 
R.R. and that the examination of the other portions of the 
Evansville & Terre Haute system enumerated in the report, 
although comprehensive, was more general in character, being 
undertaken for the purpose of ascertaining their bearing upon 
the Evansville & Richmond R.R., the main object of the in- 
quiry. On this account my reply to your request must be 
subject to the limitation which marks the distinction between 
a report specific in its details and a general opinion. 

In the case of both the Evansville & Terre Haute R.R. 
proper and the Evansville & Indianapolis our party passed 
over the entire main lines and the Mount Vernon Branch and 
made a careful general examination of their physical condition. 

The former was found to be in very excellent condition, the 
road-bed and track comparing very favorably throughout with 
the best lines in Indiana, and are superior to the average ; the 
road-bed is especially well compacted and of unusual width ; 
there are comparatively few crossings of streams, and the 
graduation generally is very light in point of cost; the align- 
ment and grades are excellent. The statipn buildings are 
entirely suitable and adequate for the traffic and the minor ac- 
cessories properly provided. The road throughout is well 
ballasted and fitted for high speed and heavy traffic. 

The Evansville & Indianapolis R.R. is not kept up to the 
same standard of excellence, but generally speaking is in excel- 
lent order for its traffic. For a considerable portion of its 
length it is laid upon an abandoned canal-bank, which fact 
accounts for an undue proportion of curvature, as well as for 
its nearly level grades. On the northern portion of the line 
there are a number of low timber-trestles, most of which were 
being renewed at the time of our visit. Improvements in 
alignment at various points on the canal-bank were pointed 
out to us by Mr. Allen as being on the programme for this 
year's work of his maintenance of way force. The stations 
are good ; several of them new. The line is suitable for its 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 57 

business and would require but a small expenditure per mile to 

bring it up to the higher standard of the E. & T. H. R.R. 

Trusting that this information will fully answer your inquiry, 

I am, 

Yours very respectfully, 

No. 16.— 492 words. Foster Cornwall. 

Protest against Bond Issue. 

Philadelphia, August 10, 1892. 
James T. Wilson, Esq., 

147 Broadway, New York. 

Dear Sir: — 

We beg to acknowledge receipt of your favor of the 8th 
inst. accompanying demand of Bondholders of the Central & 
Southwestern R.R. of Texas, that we oppose by every means 
in our power the granting of authority for the issue of Bonds 
for the purpose of building a branch road from Lynchburg to 
Scranton. 

We would say in reply, that being keenly aware of the detri- 
mental effect that the granting of the petition would have on 
the present Bonds of the road, we have already, in anticipa- 
tion of the request of the Bondholders (as the time did not 
allow of their being notified), taken action in the matter. 

Upon learning of the application we at once employed coun- 
sel, and have instructed them to use every effort in oppos- 
ing it. 

The petition will come up for argument before the court at 
Austin in two weeks from to-day. 

We hope to have early advices of its defeat. 

We would further suggest that you get additional holders of 
the Bonds to unite in this movement. There are some four or 
five hundred of the Bonds held in Philadelphia, and we will 
take the same steps here. 

We will also be glad to have you keep us advised of any in- 
formation on this subject which may come to you in New York. 
Yours respectfully, 

No. ! 7.-234 words. Robins, Son & Co, 



58 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Offering Bonds for Sale. 

Memphis, Tenn., March 15, 1892. 
Thomas F. Warner & Co., 

Jamestown, Virginia. 

Gentlemen : — 

Accept our thanks for your favor of the 10th, just 
received. 

We were not aware that your Mr. Warner was in the city 
until after his departure, and are exceedingly sorry that we did 
not have the pleasure of meeting him. 

We have some very choice investment Bonds on hand just 
now which we would like to put before you. 

Among them are 5,000 New York Central and Hudson River 

5% Debentures which we offer you at , subject to prior 

sale. If you have a place for them please let us know and we 
will try and secure them for you. 

We also know of a lot of Montgomery and Jacksonville first 

5 s which we can offer, if unsold, at , to be delivered in 

your city. 

This price must be net to us. 

We notice that you have shipped the Northwestern bonds 
and shall look for them to-morrow morning. Your draft will 
be paid on presentation as usual. 

We wish to remind you that the time for sending in bids for 

the City of Wilmington new $% Bonds is approaching. If you 

would like to submit a bid we will look out for your interests 

in the matter with pleasure and take them with you on joint 

account. 

Yours very truly, 

No. 18. — 234 words. James B. Carter & Co. 

Bankers authorizing Draft by Correspondent. 

Liverpool, 15th April, 1892. 
Thos. J. Carruthers, Esq. 

Dear Sir: 

At your request, and in part consideration of your now 
placing in our hands as security a cash deposit of ,£2,500 (say 



BUSINESS LETTERS. §9 

two thousand five hundred pounds), we agree to authorize youi 
firm in Kingston, Messrs. Barstow & Co., to value upon us at 
ninety days sight to the extent of $10,000 (say ten thousand 
dollars) running at one time, subject to the following conditions : 
Cover for our acceptances must be provided and be in our 
hands fourteen days before their maturity, of which date or 
dates due advice will be given by the mail following their pro- 
tection. Said cover to De in Bank or first-class commercial 
paper other than bills on ourselves, which you will note we do 
not receive against current liabilities. It is understood that 
the above mentioned deposit remains with us intact while the 
credit is in force, that is, no part of it must be entrenched on 
by your firm or considered by them as against their current ob- 
ligations with us. Interest on the said deposit to be allowed 
by us at 2)^ % per annum. 

We undertake that Bills drawn on us in conformity with the 
aforesaid stipulations shall be duly protected on presentation. 
Yours faithfully, 

No. 19.— 218 words. W, P. Henderson & Co. 

Bankers desiring Correspondent in West Indies. 

London, Aug. 30, 1892. 
J. Dean & Co., New York. 

Dear Sirs: — 

We are purposing extending our business still further in 
the West Indies. 

In consequence thereof, and to meet the growing demands of 
that particular trade, we find it imperative that we should be 
in a position to handle indents from the United States direct 
to Kingston, Jamaica, and other points. 

We would make you the first offer of handling our business 
on the customary basis of such transactions in your country, 
and would rely upon your giving us inside rates. 

If you are not inclined to handle our account, we would es- 
teem it a favor if you would recommend us to some commission 
house of good standing. 

Yours truly, 

No. 20. — 127 words. Peter Pintart & Co. 



6o BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Request for Character, Standing, etc., of a Firm. 

Chicago, Sept. i, 1892. 
The Cashier 

Park City Bank, 

New York. 
Dear Sir:— 

We shall feel obliged by your favoring us, in confidence, 
with your opinion as to the character, standing, and means 
of Messrs. W. A. Cole & Co. of your city, and stating whether 
they may be considered trustworthy in the course of business 
to the extent of $5,000. Thanking you in anticipation, we are, 

Yours very truly, 
No. 21. — 75 words. Henry Schroeder & Co. 

Reply — Report Favorable. 

New York, Sept. 5, 1892. 
Messrs. Henry Schroeder & Co., 

Chicago. 
Dear Sirs: — 

Referring to your inquiry regarding the firm of W. A. 
Cole &Co., I take pleasure in giving you the information asked 
for. 

They are one of the leading firms in their particular line of 
business, very highly thought of, strictly correct in all their 
business transactions, and are considered conservative and as 
having first-class business connections and good facilities for 
their business requirements. 

No. 22.— 81 words. Very truly. 

Reply— Report Unfavorable. 

New York, Sept. 7, 1892. 
Messrs. Henry Schroeder & Co., 

Chicago. 
Dear Sirs :— Re W. A. Cole & Co. 

They are reported in an embarrassed condition and un- 
able at .present to meet their obligations. Their drafts have 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 6l 

gone to protest and everything they have is now reported more 
or less encumbered. 

We have investigated certain rumors which have been afloat 
recently, and find that they have been speculating very largely 
and have made heavy losses. 

From a reliable source we learn that of late they have ap- 
peared to be hard pressed for ready funds, so much so that it 
was deemed advisable to have a conference among certain par- 
ties in relation to tiding them over. Upon the whole, the con- 
cern cannot be reported as being in a very satisfactory shape 
financially, and it is, in my opinion, a wise move for interested 
parties to look after their interests without delay. This is in 
reply to your favor of the ist inst., and without prejudice. 
Very truly, 

No. 23. — 171 words. Franklin Jamison. 

Enclosing Bill of Exchange for Collection. 

New York, Aug. 24, 1892. 
The Cashier 

Ninth National Bank, 

Detroit, Mich. 
Dear Sir: — 

Please receive herewith for favor of collection and re- 
turns B/c. 1689, W. J. Anderson & Co., $1,290^, and N. Y. Ex- 
change. Bill of lading attached to be surrendered on payment 
of draft only. No protest. 

Yours truly, 

Thos. Fanchon, 
No. 24.-52 words. Treasurer. 

Declining to Negotiate Note. 

Philadelphia, Aug. 10, 1892. 
J. S. Andrews, Esq., 

Milwaukee. 
Dear Sir:— 

I have delayed answering your favor of the 17th until 
now, in the hope of being able to obtain some information 
about Mr. Chedwick. 



62 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

I have not been able to do so, and feel convinced that it 
would be quite impossible to dispose of the note you sent us. 

Notes are sometimes salable here, as you suggest, but they 
are only the obligations of well known and well established 
firms, and we know of no instance of such paper as Mr. Ched- 
wick's having any commercial value amongst bill buyers here. 
Yours truly, 

No. 25. — 104 words. Walter Frothingham. 



Soliciting Business in Municipal Bonds. 

TOMPKINSVILLE, NEB., Oct. 1 8, 189I. 

Messrs. Forbes, Finn & Co., 

New York City. 
Gentlemen : — 

The object of this letter is to attempt to get you inter- 
ested with us in the handling of some of the smaller issues of 
securities of this section. I refer to the issues of $10,000 to 
$40,000 municipal bonds for the purpose of building court 
houses, school houses, jails, etc. This mode of borrowing 
money is comparatively new in this country, f.nd is sure to grow 
in volume for the next twenty or twenty-five years. We occupy 
a fine central position for the gathering in of these securities, 
but have no market to place them, as we are all sellers and no 
buyers. We have studied the situation thoroughly with a view 
of making this our business in the future, and are satisfied a fine 
opportunity presents itself in this to build up a splendid busi- 
ness in a field not fully occupied and which is sure to grow. We 
do not think it worth while to enter further into details until 
we hear from you, but if you are sufficiently interested will be 
glad to visit you and talk the matter over with a view of mak- 
ing some arrangements for our mutual profit. We invite the 
closest scrutiny as to ourselves, and awaiting your reply, I re- 
main, 
Dictated by S. Yours very truly, 

No. 26.— 230 words. T. M. Eddy, Pres'i. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 63 

Reply to Same. 

New York, Oct. 22, 1891. 
T. M. Eddy, Esq., Prest., 

Tompkinsville, Neb. 
Dear Sir : — 

Yours of the 18th is at hand. 
The smaller issues of municipal bonds are so little known that 
it is very difficult to place them, investors preferring bonds 
which have a ready market at all times. 

If, however, you happen to have any which seem especially 
attractive and care to put them before us, we will give them 
due consideration, and can then tell you whether there is any 
prospect of our entertaining their sale. 

Yours very truly, 
No. 27.-96 words. Forbes, Finn & Co. 

From Gentleman regarding Investments. 

Savannah, Ga., Aug. 21, 1892. 
Thos. M. Marshall, Esq., 

New York. 
Dear Sir :— 

Having recently come into possession of a considerable 
property left by my father, the late James F. Wood, and as quite 
an amount of it was in the form of available funds which I wish 
to invest in the most desirable and remunerative way, I take the 
liberty of writing to ask you for a list of securities such as you 
can recommend for an investment of this sort. I am also trus- 
tee for my sister's share of the estate and would like to make an 
investment for her at the same time. I presume I shall have 
something like $8,000 for myself and $6,000 for her available for 
this purpose. My father often expressed his confidence in the 
various issues of the Richmond & New York Railroad, the first 
mortgage bonds of which I believe are very desirable, particu- 
larly at present prices. I myself am not especially familiar with 
these securities, but you being in the business are of course 
thoroughly acquainted both with the road and the securities. 



64 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

I notice from a recent report that the earnings have increased 
largely during the past year in comparison with the year pre- 
ceding, and as the road paid a dividend in 1891, it is quite to 
be expected that it will do so this year, in which case I should 
think that these bonds would appreciate somewhat in value. 

If your opinion coincides with mine I should like to have you 
buy five of these bonds for me and four for my sister at the low- 
est price ; when done, report to me and I will send you check 
for the amount due, or if you prefer you can send the bonds to 
me through a bank with draft attached. 

We expect a remittance in a short time from some invest- 
ments in the West made by my father, and on which the estate 
has realized. When these remittances arrive we shall probably 
make further investments through you. 

Awaiting your prompt advices, I remain, 

Yours truly, 

No. 28.-355 words. Walter F. Wood. 

Opinion of Stock Market. 

New York, Aug. 30, 1892. 
Mr. E. S. Hawkins, 

Toledo, Ohio. 

Dear Sir :— 

Your favor of the 28th is at hand, together with four 
shares of New York, Lake Erie & Western stock, sold yester- 
day. 

As soon as Congress has adjourned and the Government 
Crop Report of the 15th of August is published, which is likely 
to be favorable, we think that the market will improve. It is 
as you say " getting in better shape again," and in view of the 
fact that with all the bad news we have received lately, no long 
stocks have come out, we think a material improvement is not 
unlikely. 

Erie Preferred will certainly, in our opinion, follow suit. We 
consider the stock cheap at present prices, and there ought to 
be four or five points in it. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 65 

We enclose you herewith check for $250, proceeds of four 
shares of Erie common stock. 

Very respectfully, 
No. 29. — 156 words. J. P. Thompson & Bros. 

Report on Market to Customer. 

New York, Feb. 10, 1892. 
Mr. H. A. Adams, 

Chicago, 111. 

Dear Sir: — 

Your favor of the 9th at hand and contents noted. We 
sold your 100 Richmond Terminal on January 25th, and mailed 
you notification. We enclose herewith check for proceeds as 
requested. 

We have just wired you in regard to Lead Preferred and 
Northern Pacific preferred, which we now beg to confirm more 
fully. 

Lead preferred is a sure 7 per cent, stock in our judgment, 
and this fact must, before long, lead to decidedly higher prices 
for it. It is at the moment a comparatively new thing ; this is 
really the first dividend it has paid, and speculation and invest- 
ment has not fully turned on it as yet. 

Northern Pacific preferred we look to see fluctuate between 
67 and 68 until some day the bull forces turn their attention to 
it and force the shorts to cover, then it is liable to advance two 
or three points sharply. There are strong parties in the West 
buying this stock who claim that the earnings will shortly turn 
and show increases. The last week reported showed a small 
increase. 

Yours respectfully, 

No. 30.— 195 words. James Fanshaw & Co. 

Letter to Customer. 

New Yoek, August 9, 1891. 
Messrs. W. P. Thomas & Co., 

St. Louis, Mo. 
Gentlemen : — 

Yours of the 7th duly at hand, and note your remarks 
in regard to your Gas stock. We should be very glad to send 



66 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

you some orders, but we cannot even get them for our own 
market. 

As we have just wired you, we think this market is going 
lower ; the large operators are all arrayed on the bear side, and 
we look for but one outcome. We advise selling on all frac- 
tional rallies. 

Yours respectfully, 

No. 31 . — 95 words. Benedict, Downs & Bro, 

Execution of Order for Stocks. 

New York, Sept. 23, 1892. 
J. W. Gage, Esq., 

Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Dear Sir:— 

We received your telegram of yesterday too late to exe- 
cute the order then to buy two hundred (200) shares Rock 
Island @ 79, but we bought the same to-day, and wired you to 
this effect. 

Kindly advise by telegraph if you desire these two hundred 
shares registered in your name, as the transfer books of the 
Company will close on the 29th. 

Yours truly, 
No. 32.— 80 words. Worthingham & Co. 

Order for Sale of Bonds. 

May 30, 1892. 
Messrs. Jones, White & Co., 

Baltimore, Md. 
Gentlemen : — 

We wired you to-day asking a bid for $5,000 Georgia 
Pacific 5 % Bonds, and note by your reply that small transac- 
tions have been made lately @ 64^. 

Please sell for our account $5,000 of these Bonds @ 64 or bet- 
ter ; order good for the day only. 

Yours truly, 
No. 33.-64 words. David P. Sparks & Son. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 6j 

Remitting Bonds, with Draft attached. 

June i, 1892. 
Messrs. Jones, White & Co., 

Baltimore, Md. 
Gentlemen : — 

We beg to confirm our respects of the 30th ult., and hand 
you herewith five thousand dollars ($5,000) in the Second 
Mortgage $% Bonds of the Georgia Pacific Railway Co., as 
described below, to be applied to our sales. 

We have valued on you Demand Draft, No. 520, for $3,193.75, 
proceeds of sale, less your commission, which you will, please 
honor on presentation. 

Yours very truly, 

David P. Sparks & Son. 

(Description.) 

Enclosed :— Five (5) Bonds @ $1,000 each, numbered, — each bearing coupons num- 
bered from — to — inclusive. 

No. 34. — 91 words. 

Report of Sale of Stock. 

New York, Sept. 22, 1892. 
John W. Robinson, Esq. 
Dear Sir : — 

We have this day sold for your account and risk 200 
shares St. Paul common stock @ 78*4 and covered your out- 
standing shorts. 

Unless we hear from you, we shall consider all old orders 
cancelled with the exception of your stop order on 200 St. Paul 

@7^ 

Yours very truly, 

No. 35.-67 words. G. H. Perkins & Co. 



68 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Announcing Sale of Stock. 

New York, Sept. 22, 1892. 

Messrs. J. W. Braddock & Co., 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
Dear Sirs : — 

Our exchange of telegrams this day has resulted in your 
selling for our account one hundred shares of Pennsylvania 
stock @ 54 regular way. 

We send you this stock to-day through the United States 
Nat. Bank of this city, attaching thereto our Demand Draft No. 
65 for $538.50, proceeds of sale less your commission. 

The same will be handed you by the Commercial Nat. Bank 
of your city. 

Yours truly, 

No. 36.-88 words. James W. Martin <£ Sons. 

Brokers' Daily Market Report. 

,New York, April 14, 1892. 
Dear Sir :— 

This was a rallying day in the market. Business was 
rather limited, the trading being very dull at times, but prices 
were generally strong during the morning. Activity was con- 
fined to a comparatively few stocks, as St. Paul, Reading, and 
New England. 

Reading was more dealt in than any other stock. It opened 
at 55, or ]l per cent, above Saturday's close, and fluctuated 
within the limits of one per cent. The buying appeared to be 
mainly covering of shorts, though London was reported to be a 
buyer at the opening. 

New England was sharply attacked in the first hour, and 
under the drop in it there was active buying of other stocks. 
We think it has touched bottom. 

St. Paul's earnings for the 4th week of March showed the 
enormous increase of over $200,000, or about 33 per cent. The 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 69 

statement caused a fair amount of buying of the stock, carrying 
it up a point. 

There is no news to affect the market, which is strictly pro- 
fessional, with two or three large operators playing against each 
other. The reorganized bull interests are seemingly willing to 
accumulate lines of stock at as low figures as possible, prepar- 
atory to a spring campaign on the bull side. 

Yours truly, 

No. 37. — 221 words. W. S. Lamson & Co. 

(Another.) 

New York, April 5, 1892. 

Dear Sir :— 

All the market centred on Reading this morning, but 
later attention was directed to a few other stocks, notably New 
England, which broke 40. The early information about Read- 
ing was that an announcement of a veto by Gov. Abbett would 
be made by noon, which proved to be true. It was plainly evi- 
dent that a big covering of shorts was going on in the stock, 
hence it was a little stronger when the veto was known than 
before. We think it has been fully discounted, and that Read- 
ing will now be considered more nearly with relation to its 
earnings than it has been for the past three weeks. 

London was a buyer this morning, especially of St. Paul. The 
immense earnings it is making appear to have stirred up the 
foreign speculators. 

The Richmond Terminal scheme has probably been aban- 
doned. If it has not, it is palpably the intention to make it ap- 
pear that it has been. All the securities were lower to-day, and 
there seems no bottom for them. We do not believe in selling 
at these prices. 

New England is certainly a weak spot in the market. It looks 
as if the bears would make Atchison sell lower, and Northern 
Pacific. 

The narrowness of the market and the contrary workings of 
two or three of the large operators cause irregularity. We be- 
lieve in buying on reactions. 

Yours truly, 

No. 38.-242 words. W. S. Lamson & Co. 



yo BUSINESS LETTERS. 



Stock Market Report. 

AN UPWARD MARCH IN STOCKS — BUYING FOR THE LONG 
ACCOUNT ON A HEAVY SCALE— EASY MONEY MARKET. 

The upward march of values in the stock market continued 
yesterday. The volume of business was largely increased and 
there was every indication that a genuine bull movement was 
under way. The buying was not to cover shorts, but for the 
long account. The short interest is pretty thoroughly elimi- 
nated from the market and the bear forces broken up. The 
" public " appears to be in the market to stay. If it retires it 
will be because of new and unexpected events. Reactions are 
to be expected, and they are likely to be violent, for the reason 
that the rate of the advance is too rapid to continue uninter- 
rupted. 

The professional operators are surprised at the upward turn, 
for there was nothing to precipitate it. On the contrary, there 
were things to deter it. Still, the men whose occupation is to 
play the market know from past experience how useless it is to 
oppose the " public " when it takes it in its head to buy stocks. 
It is likewise a credit to the intelligence of the public that it 
generally gets bullish at the right time. The " public " specu- 
lates on the future, whereas the professionals speculate on ex- 
isting conditions. To the men who are constantly in the mar- 
ket the railroad troubles are forbidding. The " public " has an 
idea that business is going to be so good that there will be no 
incentive for rate-cutting and that it will subside naturally. 
The present is an interesting, if not an important, period in 
Wall Street. 

Reading was the feature of the market yesterday. It was 
bought in immense blocks, which tended to confirm the expec- 
tation of developments of consequence in connection with the 
coal combination. Jersey Central, Lackawanna, and Delaware 
& Hudson were all strong and higher. 

Burlington was in demand on its showing of earnings. There 
was less doing in the other two prominent grangers, Rock 
Island and St. Paul, but they moved up. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 7 1 

The quiet work on the long side of the Gould stocks was 
kept up. Northern Pacific was bought for a rise, on the theory 
that it was entitled to one after its protracted decline. Louis- 
ville was again the weak spot, and it was the talk that its pros- 
pects were anything but reassuring. The steady buying of 
Atchison by people with faith in the property and money to 
take the stock out of the street, attracted attention. Atchison 
seems bound to become a high-priced stock. 

The transactions in the industrials were limited, but they dis- 
played great strength. 

No. 39. — 435 words. 

Financial Circular. 

Philadelphia, Pa., July 8, 1892. 
Within the past month no marked change has taken place in 
the general financial situation. The continued agitation of the 
silver question has given fresh impetus to the outflow of gold to 
Europe, and the present attempts to pass the Free Coinage Bill 
through Congress are the cause of the dullness in the stock 
market and of the want of activity in various branches of trade. 
With the ablest and soundest financiers in this country op- 
posed to free coinage, we cannot believe that it will become a 
fact, but as long as this dreaded legislation is threatened, the 
uncertainty produced in the public mind has its bad effect. 
Meanwhile, in the absence of speculation and enterprises, the 
gold shipments are having no effect upon the supply of money, 
which is abundant, and the present coinage of silver is adding 
about $5,000,000 a month to the circulating medium. Under 
this state of affairs, European investors are looking askance at 
investments in this country, preferring to let their gold lie idle 
rather than lend it to us at par, and run the risk of being ulti- 
mately paid back in silver at the rate of about 66 cents on the 
dollar. There is no doubt but that the silver question is the 
one disturbing factor in to-day's commercial circles. Its pur- 
suit, or the adoption of free-coinage by the United States single- 
handed, will arrest the progress of the country and end in wide- 
spread disaster. 



72 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

The local demand for investment has been rather disappoint- 
ing in view of the quantity of funds lying idle in the banks. 
The savings institutions and other corporations have been in 
the market to some extent, but the absence of private inquiry 
is probably attributable to the anxiety occasioned by the Rich- 
mond & Danville Railroad Company's troubles. Millions of its 
securities are held in this city by people of all classes, whose 
faith in bonds as a mode of investment has been temporarily 
shaken. Taking a general and disinterested view of this ques- 
tion, the disintegration of the entire Richmond Terminal 
system would, we think, prove unfortunate, and, therefore, it is 
to be regretted that, thus far, all efforts to effect a complete re- 
organization have failed owing to conflicting interests. A 
cloud will certainly be lifted from over our home market when 
all doubts in regard to the disposition of this property shall 
have been removed. 

We beg to call attention to our lists of securities, which we 
have purchased after careful investigation. 

No. 40.— 425 words. Judson & Brown. 

Requesting Banker's Credit on Pig Tin. 

London, July 15, 1892. 
The National Commercial Bank, 

New York. 
Dear Sirs:— 

We are desirous of obtaining information as to whether 
we could secure from you a Banker's credit on Pig Tin to be 
shipped from London to New York, against contracts of sale to 
the New York Tin Plate Co. 

Our sale to the company named to be at a fixed price per 
pound, payable in gold or equivalent, and payments to be made 
by them direct to you, 30 days after the arrival and delivery 
to them of the tin in New York. The total amount of credit 
required would be ^9,600 sterling, and the deliveries would ex- 
tend over four months in about equal proportions, so that the 
total value outstanding at any one time would not exceed, say 
^2,400 sterling. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 73 

We act as brokers in the matter between the New York Tin 
Plate Co. and the seller in London. 

Kindly let us hear from you at an early date, and should you 
desire to undertake this business, let us know what commission 
you would charge for opening the credit at three months' date. 
Yours truly, 

No. 41.— 198 words. Henshaw & Wescott. 

Advising Sale of Foreign Exchange. 

New York, Sept. 13, 1892. 
Messrs. J. Nelson & Co., 

Montreal. 
Dear Sirs: — 

We have sold for your account, in accordance with your 
letter of the 12th, 240,000 R-mks. on Hamburg, sight or 3d. 
sight, at 95 T 5 6, delivery up to the 1 5th November, to begin in 
a few days. 

If these bills are drawn on Antwerp, they will have to be 
drawn in francs, which is the currency, the price being 5.17^. 

The buyers wish to know definitely, by wire, in which de- 
nomination these bills will be drawn, and I shall be glad if you 
will wire us to that effect as early as possible. 

The bills of course will be endorsed by you. 
Yours truly, 

No. 42. — 122 words. Alex'r B. Malcolm. 

Quotation on Grain. 

Chicago, 111., May 7, 1892. 
Messrs. W. J. Lucas & Co., 

Peoria, 111. 
Gentlemen : — 

We have your esteemed favor of the 16th inst. with 
Check for $16.89, which closes our account. We trust we may 
have the pleasure of opening another with you. 

On to-day's market, No. 2 White Corn would cost you 86 
cents; Mixed, 76^ cents. No. 2 Oats, 56^ cents; Mixed, 54^ 
cents. 



74 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Rye is very dull with little or no demand, and closed at 76 
and 78 cents. 

Please let us hear from you as to what the prospects are for 
doing more business with your house in the future. 
Very truly yours, 

No. 43.— 1 10 words. C. J. Benton. 

Requesting Delivery ot Wheat to Steamship. 

New York, Sept. 6, 1892. 
The Boston Lighterage Co., 

Boston, Mass. 
Gentlemen :— 

Please deliver to the S.S. " Greenland," Blue Star Dock, 
for Antwerp, 3,870 bushels No. 2 Reg. wheat (certificates June 
5. 1892). 

In consideration of this delivery we agree to hold you harm- 
less, and guarantee to protect you from all claims and damages 
for so doing, and also to procure and surrender to you the 
original certificates for the same. 

Yours truly, 
No. 44.-74 words. Wenck & Towner. 

Grain Market Report. 

Seldom has the wheat market contained so few features as 
now, and during the past week has been merely a football driven 
hither and yon as the interests and whims of manipulators dic- 
tated, although the market is so narrow in character that its 
movement has necessarily been circumscribed. The increased 
movement of spring wheat over last year has been used as a 
club to hammer prices, but it is perhaps well to remember that 
the receipts of winter wheat have seldom been lighter than they 
are at the present time, and that the augmented spring move- 
ment cannot be regarded as a compensation. We had occasion 
to note in a recent issue the difficulties surrounding the position 
of winter wheat millers, due to the light movement and conse- 
quent indisposition of holders to market their wheat, and instead 



BUSINESS LETTERS. ?5 

of improving, this phase has deepened and the'situation become 
worse. Millers have been compelled to pay 98 and 101 cts. for 
wheat that was weevily, and some of the lots had actually been 
limed to get rid of the pests, and experts affirmed that even 
with the weevil out No. 3 Red would have been the full measure 
of its worth. 

Only a short while ago millers would not have taken such 
wheat at any price, and this is a fair reflex of the situation, while 
there are no indications of even a remote improvement. 

In Western Maryland millers are paying $1 per bus. for wheat, 
and even at this price holders are anything but free sellers ; on 
the contrary, they believe and say they are doing the miller a 
favor in letting him have the wheat at any such price. In Vir- 
ginia the situation is the same, but while our local millers have 
been dallying with such wheat as we have above instanced, the 
Virginia millers have pursued what strikes us as a wise course, 
and have been active purchasers of No. 2 Red, and have even 
taken considerable of Steamer No. 2. That local millers will 
ultimately pursue a similar course is unquestioned, as there is 
no advantage in holding off from the grade, hoping that ac- 
cumulation will keep down prices. 

The present season has been a remarkable one in many ways, 
but in no respect has it been more singular than in the presence 
of a multiplicity of bugs. Indeed it may with truth be called 
the "buggy season." New Southern wheat is arriving, which 
is filled with bugs even at this early date — something remark- 
able — and we have heard experts say that there was scarcely a 
barrel of flour ground prior to harvest that was not buggy now. 
This phase of the wheat crop is well worthy of thoughtful con- 
sideration, and as field mice and insects play an important part 
during certain seasons in England, so the weevil and the corn- 
fly may prove to be no small factor in the United States this 
year. 

Exporters were enabled to work some few parcels during the 
week to Liverpool by reason of the freight room having been 
made a present practically to the shipper; indeed ic. per bus. 
has been paid by the ship for the privilege of transporting corn to 
Liverpool, and the bark Hiawatha, which has lain in the harbor 



j6 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

for some time awaiting a cargo of corn, has finally been provided 
with a cargo of 50,000 bus. of wheat. No one is making any 
money, whether he be ship-owner, exporter or receiver, and 
trade is anything but satisfactory. 

The foreign situation is unchanged, yet while the amount on 
passage to the U. K. is decreasing, the needs of the Continent 
are apparently augmented. — Baltimore Journal of Commerce. 

No. 45. — 609 words. 



Declining to Sell Corn at Price. 

Lafayette, Ind., June 25, 1885. 
S. S. Guthrie, Esq., 

Buffalo, N. Y. 

Dear Sir :— 

Your favor of the 19th at hand and noted. We cannot 

offer you corn at present at your prices. We are doing better 

with it at Pennsylvania points. We do not imagine we shall 

handle a large amount of wheat this year and what we do will 

probably go to the mills nearer by at better prices than your 

market will afford. 

Very truly, 

No. 46.— 80 words. J. Harrison. 

Advising Immediate Purchases of Grain. 

Indianapolis, Ind., April 1, 1875. 
Benton & Robinson, 

New Haven, Conn. 

Gentlemen : — 

Your favor of the 18th at hand. We hope you will not 
forget us when laying in your stock this fall of oats, and all we 
wish is to direct a word of caution. That is, do not wait too long 
before buying. Rates are unsettled at present and grain is low. 
Everybody is anxious to sell and we believe that prices are very 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 77 

near, if not quite at, the lowest point they will be on this stock. 
If you wait for as much difference between prices now and those 
of last year you will certainly get left, as the conditions are 
entirely different. 

Yours truly, 

No. 47.— 121 words. S. S. Wilson. 

Declining Offer of Grain. 

Linwood, Ind., Sept. 14, 1892. 
A. Murphey, Esq., 

Boswell, Ind. 
Dear Sir:— 

Your postal card at hand offering one car of white corn 
at 35 cents guaranteed No. 3 or better. We cannot use it at 
this kind of guarantee. We could not use it at over 24 cents 
guaranteed No. 3 or better. If you want to sell it at this price, 
load in Empire or Midland Line cars and ship very promptly 
and notify us at once if you accept. 

Yours, 
No. 48. — 83 words. Clarence W. Moore. 

Confirming Purchase of Corn. 

Elgin, 111., May 20, 1891. 
Chas. Chenoweth, Esq., 

Chicago, 111. 
Dear Sir : — 

We confirm purchase of you by our Mr. Morrison last 
evening of 15 cars of prime No. 2 white corn at 34^ cents. 

We advised you by wire to load ten Empire Line cars and we 
now instruct you to load the other five in Empire or Midland 
Line cars ; Empire or Midland will do for all of it. When you 
get ready to offer any more white corn let us know and we will 
try and give you a good bid. 

Yours truly, 
No. 49.— 101 words. Guy Loveland & Sons. 



78 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Confirming Purchase of Oats. 

Burlington, Iowa, Dec. 25, 1865. 

TlMMONS & SWITZER, 

Otterbein, Ind. 
Gentlemen : — 

We confirm purchase of you to-day by telephone ten 
thousand bushels mixed oats at 20 cents, for August shipment. 
If you have not sold the two cars of old mixed oats you were 
talking about and can ship them say about Wednesday or Thurs- 
day, we will take them at 21 cents, local cars. 

Yours, &c, 
No. 50.— 70 words. A. C. Beers. 

(Another.) 

Inglewood, Neb., August 10, 1890. 
W. B. Probasco, Esq., 

Bloomington, 111. 
Dear Sir: — 

We confirm purchase of you by our Mr. Morrison of five 
cars large white or barley oats at 24 cents, shipment the first 
half of August. We also confirm purchase of you of three cars 
new barley oats at 24 cents August shipment, guaranteed cool 
and sweet. 

You can load these in Midland Line cars and ship to us as 

usual. 

Yours truly, 

No. 51.— 71 words. J. S. Hawkins. 

(Another.) 

Sturgis, Mich., Jan. 14, 1883. 
Jno. C. Vannatta, Esq., 

Montmorencie, Ind. 
Dear Sir — 

We confirm purchase of you to-day as per your letter, often 
cars No. 2 mixed oats, August shipment, at 20 cents. If you 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 79 

have any trouble getting this corn during the month of August 
and should you need a little extension on the time, we will 
endeavor to accommodate you. We congratulate you on your 
good sale of western town lots. 

Yours very respectfully, 
No. 52.— 80 words. M. Snodgrass' Sons. 



Acknowledging Grain Order. 

La Fayette, Ind., Oct. 17, 1892. 
Maynard & Maynard, 

Worcester, Mass. 
Dear Sirs :— 

Your night message at hand with the following sales : 
Benjamin Nupham, 2 cars new white oats 33 cents, August 
shipment. We will ship this order as promptly as possible. 
The weather is bad for harvesting oats, as it is raining a little 
almost every day. We hope it will clear soon, to give them a 
chance to harvest the oats more rapidly. 

Yours respectfully, 
No. 53.-79 words. Robert E. Connoly. 

Directions for Shipment of Grain. 

Terre Haute, Ind., Nov. 18, 1890. 
William Moore, Esq., 

Hoopeston, Ind. 
Dear Sir: — 

When you get ready to load new oats please load mixed 
oats in Nickelplate cars and new white oats in Midland Line 
cars. We shall probably want some white oats loaded in Lacka- 
wanna, but we will advise you from time to time how many of 
this kind we want; but in absence of further orders load as 
directed, all mixed oats in Nickelplate, the white oats in Mid- 
land Line. 

Yours truly, 
No. 54.-87 words. D. L. Warren. 



80 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Making Bid for Corn. 

Nov. 20, 1886. 
J. Davis & Son, 

Boswell, Ind. 
Gentlemen : — 

Your postal received offering us one car No. 2 white corn 
at 35 cents. In reply would say that 34^ cents is all we can 
pay ; that we have bought quite largely at that price the last few 
days. If you wish to accept 34^ cents advise us promptly, if 
guaranteed No. 2 white. Load the car in Midland or Empire 
Line cars. 

Yours truly, 

No. 55.—78 words. Ray & Goddard. 

Acknowledging Bid on Corn. 

La Porte, Mich., Nov. 30, 1876. 
Indianapolis Hominy Mills, 

Indianapolis, Ind. 
Gentlemen :— 

We wired you to-day for bid on white corn and have your 
offer of 38 cents, but we could not get out on the white corn 
we have on hand at that price and therefore did not reply ; 
neither can we buy corn to-day to sell at that price. 

Yours respectfully, 
No. 56.-69 words. Benedict & Downer. 

(Another.) 

Forest Home, 111., Nov. 8, 1892. 
James S. Clark, Esq., 

Columbus, Ind. 
My Dear Mr. Clark :— 

Your telegram of to-day received, bidding 46 on track 
Baltimore. This is just about what corn would cost us laid 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 8 1 

down there, but leaves us no margin of profit; we are, however, 
trying to buy a lot a little cheaper, and if we can strike a com- 
mission out of it we will advise you to-morrow. 

Yours respectfully, 
No. 57.-77 words. James A. Graft. 

Order to Buy Corn. 

Lafayette, Ind., Oct. 31, 1886. 
John Reidlinger, Esq., 

Rankin, 111. 
Dear Sir:— 

Your letter of to-day received. We wired you at once to 
pay 31 cents for shelled corn. We thought you understood 
from our letter of yesterday that you could do this, as we told 
you to pay that, providing Mr. Cole was paying the same. You 
had better load your corn in Midland or Empire Line or Lack- 
awanna cars. Have your corn delivered promptly and ship it 
out as fast as it comes in. 

Yours very respectfully, 
No. 58.-92 words. Burgess & Bonner. 

Soliciting Insurance Business. 

New Haven, June 10, 1892. 
Dear Sir : — 

The New Haven Life Insurance Company, after an expe- 
rience of nearly half a century, during which time it has paid 
policy holders over one hundred and fifty million dollars, has 
lately devised a policy at a low cost with special reference to 
those who — whether from necessity or choice — desire the most 
insurance for the least money, with absolute security. 

It is a protection for the family that all classes have sought, 
and is adjusted as to price, amounts and methods of payments 
to conform to every condition of circumstance and of life. 

This policy is based upon scientific principles and the experi- 
ence of the Company ; is definite in terms, and has the same 



82 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

unquestionable security and equitable safeguards and guaran- 
tees as all other policies issued by the Company. Premiums 
may be paid quarterly, semi-annually, or annually, and the in- 
surance may be continued for life, and will be paid promptly 
and in full at death. 

Any one under fifty years of age who can save ten cents a 
day can carry one of these policies for from $1,000 to $3,000. 
This places it within the reach of persons whose income is 
nearly all required by business necessities or absorbed by living 
expenses, and enables all such to secure their families against 
the embarrassment and distress which are almost inevitable in 
case of their own premature death, if their lives are not in- 
sured. 

If you will fill out and send me the attached slip, you will re- 
ceive full particulars and all necessary information. 

Yours respectfully, 

James P. Harkness, 
No. 59.— 168 words. Gen. Agent. 



Appointment of Insurance Agent. 

Richmond, Ind., May 27, 1892. 
Geo. H. Dobson, Esq., 

159 La Salle St., Chicago. 
Dear Sir :— 

Acting under the suggestion of Mr. Blackwell, we are 
pleased to inclose herewith permission constituting you the 
agent of this society at Chicago. Mr. Blackwell informs me 
that you have a thorough knowledge of the principles of 
underwriting, and that our interests will be closely guarded. 
We shall therefore merely refer you to our " General Instruc- 
tions to Agents," with the request that you conform to the 
ideas expressed therein. Observe particularly our prohibited 
list. Your supplies have been ordered and will be forwarded as 
soon as received from the printing house. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. S$ 

Trusting that our business relations may be permanent and 
prove mutually profitable and advantageous, we are 
Yours respectfully, 
Temple Insurance Co., 

Jos. B. Brennan, 
No. 60. — 137 words. Gen'l Agent. 

Letter of Special Agent. 

Fort Wayne, Ind., Dec. 17, 1890. 
E. W. Carpenter, Esq., 

Assistant Secretary, 

Dallas, Texas. 
Dear Sir : — 

We are in receipt of your favor of June 14th relative to 
additional exposure in your storehouse, insured under policy 
No. 1,250,819 of the London Assurance Corporation. After a 
careful examination of the diagram enclosed, we have to state 
that an additional premium of i}4.% per annum will have to be 
charged to cover the increased hazard. As you well know, the 
rates of insurance are based upon the fire hazard, and when the 
risk increases, the premium should be increased accordingly. 
Our soliciting agent, Mr. L. C. Tucker, will call upon you in a 
few days. He is now adjusting a small damage in Abilene. 

Respectfully, 

Fred. Carpenter, 
No. 61. — 131 words. Special Agent. 

Acknowledgment of Subscription. 

Fostoria, O., May 4, 1891. 
Messrs. Legget & Miner Tobacco Co., 

St. Louis, Mo. 
Gentlemen : — 

We are in receipt of your esteemed favor'of the 7th inst., 
inclosing check for $1,000 to cover the amount of your sub- 
scription, for which please accept our thanks. Enclosed we 
hand you certificate for same. The policies will be issued and 



84 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

forwarded at as early a date as possible, probably the latter part 
of this week. Your premium to the Western Manufacturers' 
will be mailed to you in a day or so. I am glad to hear that you 
are to become one of the subscribers to the " Western Manu- 
facturers' Mutual." 

With thanks, we are, 

Enclosure. Yours truly, 

Thos. Tubbs, 

No. 62. — 1 16 words. Sec'y. 

Instructions to Insurance Agent. 

Chicago, III., Jan. 22, 1892. 
Mr. A. L. Burnham, 

Burlington, Iowa. 

Dear Sir: — 

Yours of the 16th at hand, and carefully noted. 

First let me say that I am very much pleased to learn that 
Messrs. Welch & Son did not misrepresent in the matter of 
rate on the warehouse. I find on examination that our policy 
covered the wool in the barn instead, and that they accounted 
to us for all the premiums collected. 

In regard to the arguments presented by you, you will excuse 
me for saying that we in the field have been over the same 
ground many, many times, and although the arguments may be 
new to you, they are really old and threadbare to us. I admit 
the force of the quotation you make from the great teacher, 
" Whatsoever ye would that others should do unto you," etc., 
but it was not intended for the world at large, has never been 
put into practice, and will not be until He comes again. Mean- 
while, we and the rest of the world are under the government 
of the prince of the power of the air, and our interests are in 
constant conflict. The ruling principle of this age has been, 
and still is, " Every man for himself, and the devil for the 
hindermost." But while this is true, it is not necessary that 
either manager, special agents or local agents should treat one 
another with severity nor apply harsh epithets ; it simply re- 
mains for us to take facts as we find them, and make the best 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 85 

possible use of them. The moment that you depart in any 
respect from board rates, and board rules, you are traveling 
upon treacherous ground — how dangerous, you in Burlington 
can hardly realize, but you will believe me when I say that I 
have known the rates to be cut in two and three. Meanwhile, 
no other agents or their companies can pay for their work, and 
consequently the business becomes a laughing-stock to the 
public. 

As I said to you Wednesday morning, I do not know what 
the local board commission, No. 3, will say to the plan of the ap- 
pointment of a stamping secretary ; but it seems to me now, as 
then, that this is the only possible solution to the problem. 
It is not the intention of the State Board, and should not be of 
the Local Board, to place rates any higher than they ought to 
be ; but in the matter of rates, as in everything else, everything 
should be done decently and in order. There is a right way as 
well as a wrong way to get at almost everything, and the re- 
duction of woolen mills was certainly a wrong way, and some 
of the companies — the American Fire among the rest — have 
suffered through the undue haste of their agents. 

I much regret that some of the remarks that I made at the 
mill have been somewhat enlarged upon ; the fact is, the 
condition of the mill was not fairly represented to me. I had 
expected to find it very much worse than I did find it ; but it 
does not follow that they are entitled to a reduction of 25$, nor 
to any other figure. I might possibly think favorably of the re- 
duction to 2%. %, or perhaps 2 % is very reasonable. It is the 
misfortune of Messrs. Hyde & Hoskins that they should have a 
wooden building, and are brought into such sharp competition 
with mills having good brick buildings. 

Let me hear from you. 

Yours truly, 

Thomas L. Hodges, 

No. 63.-597 words. General Manager. 



86 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Accident Insurance Company Soliciting Business. 

New York, March 7, 1892. 
Wm. H. Jackson, Esq., 

P. O. Box 2964, City. 

Dear Sir: — 

Your favor of 4th inst., which has been referred to me, 
duly to hand ; herewith I hand you descriptive circulars ex- 
plaining the plans and workings of this association. 

The policy issued by us covers the insured in case of ordinary 
accident in the sum of $5,000 in case of death, $25.00 weekly 
indemnity in case of total disability; should the insured, how- 
ever, be injured or killed in consequence of the wrecking or 
disablement of any passenger conveyance, propelled by steam, 
electricity, or cable, the association would pay, in case of death, 
$10,000; in case of total disability, $50.00 weekly indemnity. 

The cost of this policy is $16.00 per annum, exclusive of a 
membership fee of $5.00, payable but once ; the premium can 
be paid in advance, or in calls of four dollars each, made four 
times a year. 

Trusting you will give this due consideration, and awaiting 
your further favors, I am, 

Very truly yours, 

Joseph Bennett, 

No. 64. — 172 words. Manager. 

Report of Insurance Agent on a Risk. 

Greenville, Ohio, April 20, 1891. 
Niagara Insurance Co., 

New York. 
Gentlemen : — 

Replying to your favor of March 30, as to policy 5,843, 
Rockford, Ky., Purington & Co., brick kilns, etc., with a per- 
mission for crude petroleum for fuel. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. $7 

I inspected this risk last winter for General Manager Blair, 
and cite you herewith from report to him. Complying with 
your instructions I have visited risk covered by policy 4,140, 
Rockford, Ky., agency, and have to report that the brickyard 
is located at Dolton, six miles away from the agency. There 
was an error in description. A mistake of one in the range 
located it six miles out of the way. As to the risk, it is com- 
posed of a frame boiler-room, engine house, and press-rooms, all 
under one roof. The arrangement is about medium in quality 
and care. Distant from this, perhaps 50 feet, is the dry shed, 
perhaps 100 feet square, one story in height, adjacent to the 
dry kiln proper, which is composed very largely of iron, with 
frame sides. Distant from this dry kiln about 20 feet, is the 
burning kiln, a large open shed, perhaps 5 or 6 hundred feet in 
length by 100 feet in width, having space for 4 or 5 operating 
kilns. In two places in the kiln sheds, workmen were warming 
themselves around open fires, composed of a few sticks of four- 
foot wood. I told Mr. Purington that it would be impossible 
for us to carry the risk unless the open fires were immediately 
and for all dispensed with, and he informed me a little while 
afterward that he had given the necessary orders. The petro- 
leum fuel is brought as usual in the tank cars about 200 feet dis- 
tant and hold two twin reservoir tanks, 19 feet of oil, and, when 
full, give 20 to 25 feet of head under the various deliveries. 

The tanks are warmed by coils of steam pipes located in the 
midst of the oil itself; each reservoir tank connects with the 
three-inch main supply pipe, and has a cut-off near the tanks 
and one near to and outside of each building. There is no 
pump used except for filling the reservoir tanks from the tank 
cars. 

There is no service tank on the premises, and the oil comes 
direct from the reservoir tanks to the fires. They use two 
forms of burners, in both of which the steam forms a cushion 
for the oil to form on. Mr. Purington said that he would be 
perfectly willing to use a service tank if he could be satisfied 
that it would work properly. He thinks that the oil would have 
to be very much hotter than at present in order to flow freely. 

The reservoir tank should be guarded by a ditch. 



88 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

My impression of the risk is favorable, and I would recom- 
mend you to hold it. 

Respectfully yours, 

Edmund J. Shaw, 
No. 65.-493 words. Special Agent. 

Recommendation of Machinery. 

Oshkosh, Wis., May 7, 1891. 
Messrs. John Simpson & Sons, 

Beloit, Wis. 
Gentlemen : — 

Last spring I bought one of your Listing Plows from 
your McLean Agents, Marwood Bros. & Co., and used it in 
plowing and planting corn, putting in about 18 acres. Can 
plow and plant with three horses about six acres per day. I 
found the corn came up much sooner, and was ready for the 
cultivator before the weeds got started. This I consider a 
great advantage over the ordinary way of planting ; the corn 
can be kept cleaner during the entire season ; and the yield is 
from ten to fifteen bushels more to the acre, besides ripening 
about ten days earlier. 

Respectfully yours, 
No. 66.— 119 words. Timothy J. Pease. 

(Another.) 

Cincinnati, O., May 7, 1892. 
Hopgood Plow Co., 

Rockford, 111. 
Gentlemen : — 

Yours of the 25th inst. received. I have in reply to state 
that I have only used your combined Lister and Drill the past 
season. I did not receive the plow until May, altho' I con- 
tracted for it to be delivered April 20th. 

I am very highly pleased with the machine. It works well 
and with light draft. I would rather three horses would haul it 
than to have two on a fourteen-inch Walking Plow. I think 
that time of planting, team, and all considered, I have raised 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 89 

enough more corri this year to pay for the plow — having put in 
about twenty acres more than I could the old way with the 
same team. 

Last spring we had very wet weather and bad for listing. 
After the drought set in my corn was green at the bottom 
nearly two weeks after check rowed corn had begun to fire. I 
do not consider it is any more labor to tend listed corn after it 
is put in, if it is tended right. 

I believe that one year with another, an average of from 5 to 
10 bushels per acre more can be raised. 

Very truly yours, 

No. 67.— 211 words. Thos. R. Weaver. 

(Another.) 

Jackson, Mich., May 7, 1891. 
Charles E. Sackett, Esq., 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
Dear Sir: — 

Last summer you tried your Combined Plow and Har- 
row on my farm, and left in one field an untouched square of 
land around which you had been plowing. This untouched 
piece I prepared in my usual way by plowing and two harrow- 
ings. I then seeded all alike, using no fertilizers. 

I have just harvested that field, and found the wheat on the 
part prepared by your implement standing six inches higher 
and in all respects heavier than elsewhere. The difference was 
marked and apparent to every one. It looked as tho' a belt of 
fertilizer had been used around the square. Two neighboring 
farmers assisting me to harvest estimated the increased yield 
at one-third, but I should say one-quarter. None of us were 
looking for this result, and had not the difference been so 
marked as to draw our notice to it, I should probably have 
never thought again of your plowing there. 

Yours truly, 

No. 68. — 181 words. James Strong, 



90 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Soliciting Orders for Electric Light. 

St. Louis, Sept. i. 
Dear Sirs : — 

We take the liberty of calling your attention to our sys- 
tem for electric lighting, a description of which you will find in 
the catalogue that we send you. 

Having unequalled facilities for designing and manufacturing 
electrical apparatus, we have perfected a system which is com- 
plete in every respect, and which is giving entire satisfaction in 
the many places where it is in use. 

The electric light is particularly economical when used for 
lighting large spaces, such as railroad yards, depots, machine 
shops, etc., and the lights of our system burn with such steadi- 
ness that they are as suitable for the waiting and reading rooms 
as for the switch yards. 

Prismatic tests show that the light from our lamps is more 
like sunlight than that furnished by any other system in the 
market ; the blue and pink rays that predominate in other sys- 
tems do not exist in ours. For proof of this we refer to the let- 
ters of commendation published in our pamphlet, particularly 
those from W. W. Vantine and J. V. Caswell & Co., on page 5. 

We refer with pleasure to parties who are using our lights, a 
list of whom will be found on pages 25 and 26 of the catalogue 
sent you. Since this edition of our catalogue was published 
we have received orders from the city of Menton for 100 lights, 
the Grand Pacific Hotel for 25 lights (replacing another system 
that had proved unsatisfactory), and Lawrence, Ky., for 40 
lights. We have also contracted to furnish 180 lights for the 
Leavenworth Exposition, and 150 lights for the Oshkosh Expo- 
sition, for the illumination of their large buildings this Fall. 

We solicit correspondence, and shall be pleased to furnish 
you with estimates of cost; but if you prefer, our representative 
will call and furnish you with estimates and further particulars. 

Yours respectfully, 

No. 69.— 315 words. L. R. Butler. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. £1 

Letter from Paper Manufacturer. 

New York, Sept. 21, 1892. 
Gentlemen :— 

I have your favor of the 20th before me, and in reply 
would say we know it is very hard for you to send orders when 
you do not have them. We appreciate very much the business 
you are now doing with us, and shall always endeavor to keep 
our paper fully up to your requirements. 

The only reason we ask you for machine-finished orders is 
that in running a mill when you have many machine-finished, 
many times it suits you to work them in when the. machine is 
ahead of the super-calenders and cannot quite keep up, in con- 
sequence of which you would run them to much better ad- 
vantage than when the supers were allowed to stand. How- 
ever, we will always do the very best we can, and soliciting your 
future orders, remain 

Yours very truly, 

B. D. BURBANK, 

No. 70. — 156 words. Manager of Sales. 

Quoting Prices of Paper. 

New York, Sept. 22, 1892. 
Gentlemen : — 

Your esteemed letter of the 21st at hand, and in reply 
would say we will do all in our power to forward your goods so 
they will arrive in due time, and will " lap and fold " them. 

In reference to your order 30 x 40, 60/500 sheets, we will de- 
liver same F. O. B. Boston, at our regular terms, but wish it 
distinctly understood that on all future orders our price will 
be advanced 2 cts. per lb. It is absolutely necessary for us 
to make this price, and we even do not know how long it 
will remain at that, as stock is advancing all the time. 

Trusting you will see your way clear to giving us orders, we 
remain 

Yours very truly, 

No. 71.— 132 words. Frank D. Fernald. 



$2 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Delay in Shipment of Paper. 

New York, Sept. 22, 1892. 
Gentlemen :— 

Your order for 10 tons of Book Stock "flat in frames" 
received. The same has been forwarded to the mill with in- 
structions to hurry shipment as much as possible. 

In regard to your previous order of 400 rms. 35 x 40, 60, 
would say that there has been a break of machinery at the mill, 
and that accounts for its tardy delivery. Sorry you were in- 
convenienced, but trust the same shall not occur in the future. 

Yours very truly, 

B. D. BURBANK, 

No. 72. — 95 words. Manager of Sales. 

Soliciting Orders for Furniture. 

Pittsburgh, Pa., June 1, 1891. 
S. S. Packard, Esq., 

New York. 
Dear Sir : — 

In acknowledgment of your late letter relative to price 
on our goods, would say, that by this mail we send you lists, 
to all of which we respectfully call your attention. 

Our effort in the past eight or ten years to manufacture a 
new and attractive line of goods for schools and the public gen- 
erally has been so much of a success that the demand has re- 
quired a constant increase of our capacity to manufacture, 
until at this date we feel safe in saying that, taking all things 
into consideration, we are prepared to offer more conveniences 
in our line of staple goods, more attractive things for school 
and every-day use, than can be found in any other establish- 
ment in the land. You will pardon us if we seem claiming 
too much in this assertion, but we feel satisfied that if you 
should favor us with an order you will find that we make no 
claims but those we can substantiate. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 93 

Kindly acknowledge receipt of the enclosed, and advise us if 
it is likely that we can be favored with your orders. 
Enclosure. Yours truly, 

No. 73.— 194 words. Haskins & Son. 

Manufacturer to Customer. 

San Francisco, Cal., May 7, 1891. 
Messrs. Brown & Smith, 

Island City, Oregon. 
Gentlemen :— 

We have yours of the 25th and two of the 30th ult. just 
at hand. Envelopes ordered will be sent forward as soon as we 
can get them printed. Repairs and other goods ordered we 
will ship, all that we can furnish. We have no extra oil cans 
for the Champion New Mower. 

We have some adjustable buggy tops calculated for one-seat 
buggies, which have recently come, but we have not yet opened 
them. Can send you one or two for samples if wanted. When 
ordering you had better give us the width of the seat, or rather, 
the length of it. 

We note your remarks in relation to sale of Thresher to 
Wright & Wheeler, and if Mr. Pickwick makes a claim for com- 
mission we will act accordingly. 

Yours truly, 
No. 74.— 145 words. Mosely & Ketchum. 

Letter from Manufacturer. 

New York, March 23, 1892. 
Prof. James E. Davis, 

Harvard University, 

Cambridge, Mass. 
Dear Sir :— 

Yours of the 20th inst. to hand and contents noted. 
Your previous correspondence was much del-iyed in reaching 
us by reason of change of address. 

We have only very recently made thorough test of machine? 



94 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

which had been in constant use by others for nearly two years, 
and finding the same all right we feel prepared to allow our ma- 
chine in hands of any one. We have had personal experience 
both in care and use of College apparatus, and know full well 
the abuse it is subject to in the hands of students. 

There is little, if any, profit in these machines, and we are 
jealous of the !r good reputation. We proceed to fill your 
order with lei it possible delay. Thanking you for same, we 
remain, 

Yours truly, 

No. 75.— 141? words. Robert Platt & Bro. 

Manufacturer Acknowledging Order. 

New York, Sept. 3, 1892. 
Messrs. Smith, Bronson & Co., 

Dallas, Tex. 
Gentlemeiv : — 

Inclosed! please find bill and prepaid B. L.'s for goods or- 
dered shipped on August 30th. 

I inclose also drawing I made — pencil sketch — for you to see 
space required to drive band saw, believing you might be in 
again before leaving town and see whether counter, in your 
opinion, would be necessary. The dimensions are taken from 
the machine, and you can provide accordingly. 

I could find no 2 1 x 8 x 3 pulley ; nothing nearer than 20 x 9 x 2 
at same price. Thanking you for order, and hoping same may 
be received in good shape, I remain, 

Yours truly, 

No. 76.— 109 words. Geo. W. Bailey. 

(Another.) 

New York, March 30, 1892. 
Messrs. J. M. Matthews & Co., 

Chicago, 111. 
Gentlemen : — 

Yours of the 28th inst. to hand, and contents noted. The 
machine ordered by you February 20th will be pushed to com- 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 95 

pletion as rapidly as consistent with best workmanship and 
material for same, and will be shipped by freight as per your 
request as soon as possible. 

Will duly inform you of its shipment, and send any necessary 
instructions for erecting and operating it. 

Thanking you for the order, we remain, 

Very truly yours, 

No. 77. — 91 words. Jabez R. Sammis. 

From Manufacturer of Hat Blocks. 

New York, Sept. 1, 1892. 
Messrs. Brown, Smith, Jones & Co., 

Chicago, Illinois. 
Gentlemen : — 

We beg to acknowledge receipt of your order of the 24th 
instant for Hat Blocks, and note same. As we do not carry 
these goods in stock, however, and are very much rushed on 
this line of goods at this season of the year, we could not prom- 
ise delivery of your order short of two weeks. We have for- 
warded the order to our 'factory with instructions to put 
through as soon as possible ; but if, on receipt of this letter, 
the time of delivery is not satisfactory, kindly wire us, and we 
will stop work on order. 

We also beg to notify you that our terms are three per cent., 
cash ten days, and not six per cent., and that there is no dating 
on these goods. 

Yours very truly, 

No. 78.— 165 words. Chester K. Clemens. 

Complaining of non-receipt of Samples. 

New York, Sept. 1, 1892. 
Mr. A. Brown, 

Hartford, Conn. 
Dear Sir : — 

We enclose herewith a stock order to run on, which 
kindly give your attention, and make deliveries as ordered. 
We have not yet received the samples of Glove Darners that 



g6 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

you were going to have down to us the fore part of the week. 
We are very much disappointed in not receiving these, as our 
travelers are covering valuable ground which we are positive 
would add greatly to the sale if they had the samples. As it is, 
it will be another sixty days before they go over the same terri- 
tory, and this is the trip where the sales would tell more than 
on any other we make, We are anxious to get something in to 
you to make, and we think if we had the samples of this arti- 
cle, and you had the tools all ready to make it, we could keep 
you busy for a little while. Let us know when we can expect 
some, sure. 

Yours very truly, 

No. 79.— 173 words. Fred Cummings & Bro. 



Announcing an Advance in Price. 

New York, Sept. 1, 1892. 
Messrs. Blank & Co., 

Copenhagen, Denmark. 

Gentlemen : — 

We beg to acknowledge receipt of your favor of the 18th 
ultimo enclosing order for one hundred gross of our Extra 
Quality Belts, and note same. Before shipping these goods, 
however, we beg to advise you of an advance in prices. The 
prices of these goods were advanced in 1891, and the best we 
can quote you now would be as per memorandum annexed here- 
with, which are our very best export prices. 

We await your reply whether to ship the goods at these 
prices or not, and on receipt of same, if satisfactory, will give 
the order our immediate attention, and forward at once. 

Yours truly, 
No. 80.— 119 words. S. Dash & Co. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 97 

Requesting Prompt Attention to Order. 

New York, Sept. i, 1892. 
Messrs. Blank & Son, 

Boston, Mass. 
Gentlemen :— 

According to our books there is still due from you ten 
gross of Needles on account of our order. We annex herewith 
a new order to work on. Cancel all unfilled orders and give 
the annexed your attention, making delivery as soon as pos- 
sible. Your attention will greatly oblige. 

We have not yet received any of the Match Boxes promised. 
How about this ? Kindly hurry them along. 

We are in receipt of your letter in regard to the Boot Heels, 
and are pleased to hear that you are going to take hold of these 
at once. If they turn out satisfactory in every respect, we will 
place a large order immediately, and we think we can keep you 
jumping on this one particular style. 

Yours very truly, 
No. 8! . — 140 words. F. M. Munson & Co. 

.Offering Goods (velvet). 

New York, September 15, 1892. 
Messrs. Wheeler, Keith & Co.. 

Nebraska City, Neb. 
Gentlemen : — 

We have for delivery October 1st, in Iridescent Velvet : 
3 pieces Pattern 121 



2 


" 


124 


3 


« 


108 


4 


<< 


" 129 


5 


<« 


130 


7 


<< 


no 



If this assortment will be of use to you, wire, and oblige 

Yours very respectfully, 
No. 82.-65 words. Minor Mills Co. 



9$ BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Order filled by Manufacturer. 

New York, Sept. 18, 1892. 
Messrs. Johnson & Myer, 

Elmira. 
Dear Sirs: — 

Your orders under date of September 12th for Silk Velvets 
to hand, and in reply beg to say that we have filled as follows : 
In Quality 6842 Marseilles Velvet we are entirely sold out of 
the following shades and are not receiving any more at present : 

Brown, 1305 
Navy, 125 
Navy, 464^ 
Brown X, 42 

These we have placed on back order and will ship in about a 
week to ten days. The balance we have shipped as instructed. 
In quality 170 we have booked your order for the following: 

2 pieces Orange 42 
2 pieces Brown 108 
2 pieces Gold S 46 

Being sold out of Green 42 in quality 170, have taken the lib- 
erty to ship this shade in quality 33 at 45 l / z c. 

Trusting the above will prove satisfactory to you, we remain 

Yours very truly, 

No. 83.— 153 words. Minor Mills Co. 

Manufacturer sending Samples. 

New York, Oct. 2, 1892. 
Messrs. White & Wilson, 

Joliet, 111 
Dear Sirs:— 

We are forwarding you to-day shade cards of the quali- 
ties of Colored Velvet which you have forwarded us your orders 
for during the past season or two. These cards represent what 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 99 

you can depend upon our having in stock; occasionally we 
must ask you to wait for a week or ten days for a color, but in a 
general way you can depend upon orders being filled pretty 
promptly in any of the shades in any of the qualities : 

420 . . . 6yy 2 c. 

8714 . . . 52XC. 

649 . . . $1.00 

750 . . $i.o7# 

Trusting to receive your orders on above, we remain 

Yours very truly, 
No. 84. — 1 13 words. Temple, Verder & Co. 

Advising of Order and Shipment. 

Philadelphia, Sept. 15, 1892. 
Messrs. Brown Bros. & Co., 

Minneapolis, Minn. 
Dear Sirs:— 

We are just in receipt of a telegram from our Mr. Short, 
in which he orders two pieces each Pink 274, Nile 1365, and 
Coral M 95 in our quality 6854 Lyons Velvet. Have shipped 
the Pink and Nile, but are entirely sold out of the Coral in this 
quality and are not receiving any more at present. We can, 
however, fill this in our quality 4567. Kindly advise us by re 
turn mail if you wish us to ship in this quality, and oblige 
Yours very truly, 
No. 85. — 104 words. French & Billings. 

Manufacturer to Foreign Agents. 

New York, Sept. 15, 1892. 
Messrs. Short & Strong, 

Nottingham, Eng. 
Gentlemen : — 

We have received your correspondence of Sept. 4th and 
5th, and take note of contents. 

You will have noticed from our cable confirmation that you 
did not correctly understand the last word of our dispatch of 



IOO BUSINESS LETTERS. 

August 26th regarding shipping goods through ports not in- 
fected by cholera. This matter, however, has had no further 
consequence. 

We enclose special orders 2457 A, 2458, and 2459 for some 
more 705. In accordance with your correspondence we will 
execute special orders from 2422 on from the stock in 705 which 
you have shipped us, as far as this stock will allow us to do. We 
naturally expect you to keep track of the import orders that 
we have sent you since order 2422, and to keep us in a po- 
sition to fill all special orders that we have taken. If any of 
the pieces in 705 which you have shipped us for our stock 
should not be disposed of by special orders, we will sell them in 
the store. 

Awaiting your agreeable news, we remain 
Yours very truly, 

No. 86.— 187 words. Joseph Abrahams & Co. 



Advising Shipments of Oil. 

New York, Sept. 26, 1891. 
Messrs. Harlem Bros., 

Meriden, Conn. 
Gentlemen : — 

By request of our representative, Mr. H. Fremont, we will 
send you to-day by Adams Express, prepaid, a case containing 
samples of our Extra Fine Machinery Oil and samples of our 
No. 1 Lubricating Cream ; the former we quote you at 50 cents 
per gallon and the latter at 1 5 cents per pound in barrels. 

We trust that you will make a trial of these samples, and if 
found satisfactory we should be very much pleased to receive 
your orders for same. We will guarantee that should you pur- 
chase from us you will receive the goods exactly like the sample 
sent you. 

Yours respectfully, 

No, 87.— 119 words. Atkins, Ellis & Co. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 101 

(Another.) 

New York, Sept. 26, 1892. 
Messrs. Green & Co., 

Rotterdam, Holland. 
Gentlemen : — 

Inclosed we hand you invoice for (35) barrels of B. & C. 
Cylinder Oil as per your favor of Oct. 4th, also statement of 
acc't which includes an item of cartage on (7) cases of mer- 
chandise sent you July 2 2d, and two pairs of skates sent you 
Dec. 1 6th. 

We have drawn for amount of inclosed statement, viz., 
$567.31, through our bankers as usual. Thanking you for your 
kind orders, and awaiting your further favors, we remain 
Yours respectfully, 
No. 88.-83 words. Irving Strauss & Co. 

(Another.) 

New York, Sept. 26, 1891. 
Agawana Manf'g Co., 

Springfield, Mass. 

Gentlemen :— 

Replying to the request from our Mr. Fremont, who is 
the representative in your town, we send you by Adams Ex- 
press, prepaid, a sample of our Cylinder and Cylinderine Oil ; 
we quote you the former at 50 cents and the latter at 60 cents 
per gallon. We trust that these samples will prove satisfactory, 
and should you favor us with an order you may depend upon 
getting goods equal to the sample sent you. Trusting that we 
may hear from you, we remain 

Yours respectfully, 

No. 89.-95 words. Irving Strauss & Co. 



102 BUSINESS LETTERS. 



Acknowledging Order for Hosiery. 

New York, March 9, 1892. 
Messrs. John Phillips & Co., 

Chicago, 111. 
Gentlemen : — 

Your favor of the 7th inst. is at hand, with your order for 
Ladies' Ribbed Vests and Hosiery. 

To send you samples of these goods now will be impossible, 
for it will take us a month or more to get them out ; but you 
can count on them by the first of May, when you take posses- 
sion of your new store. 

The ribbed vests, we will see that they are all made according 
to instructions, the lace of proper width, and trimmed with silk 
tape. 

The hosiery will be stamped " fast black," as you request, and 
particular attention will be taken in regard to packing the 
goods. 

To assist you we will change the terms we quoted you (as 
they were not as liberal as they might have been) to ^ May 30. 

Trusting you will prosper more in the new store than in the 
old one, we remain 

Yours truly, 

No. 90.— 170 words. Linday & Co. 

Reply. 

Chicago, March 11, 1892. 
Messrs. Linday & Co., 

New York City. 
Gentlemen : — 

Your esteemed letter of the 9th received, and thank you 
very much for the advanced terms. With this advantage over 
our competitors we feel assured of success. 

Sorry we cannot get the samples before, but try and push 
them to your utmost, as it is very important we should have 
them as early as possible. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. IO3 

Follow our instructions on the ladies' vests and hosiery to the 
letter. Hope samples will show up well. 

Yours truly, 
No. 91.— 89 words. John Phillips & Co. 

From Dealer in Dry Goods. 

New York, Aug. 30, 1892. 
Messrs. Jonas White & Co., 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
Gentlemen : — 

We enclose you memo, of samples wanted — put up T 2 ^ to 
each sett. 

Want these goods good black, good length, and put up just 
the best you know how. 

Shall want 4 setts at least, and just as soon as you can give 
them. Would like by Saturday if can. 

Also send us 2 boxes each of ladies' and misses', for some of 
these boxes we shall take away and others we want for sample 
counter. 

The samples received to-day do not look as well as your goods 
turn out. 

The 612 sample is not up to standard. 

Please give this your special attention and give us samples in 
first-class shape, and oblige 

Yours truly, 

No. 92. — 140 words. Linday & Co. 

Instructions to Manufacturer. 

New York, Sept. 10, 1892. 
Rodney Knitting Mills. 

Gentlemen : — 

Your favor of 8th inst. at hand. Account sales for Au- 
gust went forward Sept. 6th. 

Your goods open up fairly well ; the last cases show an im- 
provement. 

Watch as follows : Tops a little stiff cr ; in boarding always 



104 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

pull or make straight, not twisted. In pairing be careful and mate 
sizes ; rather more care should be used in pairing. We mail 
you a pair showing how they came out of a box. Customer 
would return pairs so matched. 

Sales are going slower than we like ; it is, however, very dull 
in this line of goods, which seems to account for it. 

Would add your goods are nicely boxed and the general ap- 
pearance is good. 

The size io-inch does not measure as full as any of the other 
sizes; q 2 , io 2 and n are about right, while many packed and 
stamped as io-inch only measure Q 2 . 

If you will note carefully these different comments, we think 
you will soon find orders for your goods rolling in. 

We shall try and get stock liquidated. 

Yours truly, 

No. 93.— 184 words. Linday & Co. 



Report of Agents to Manufacturers. 

New York, April 27, 1892. 
Morse Mills Co., 

Columbus, Ohio. 
Dear Sirs :— 

Your request for a stock sheet as of April 10 at hand. 
It will be some trouble to get this up and check back the 
stock, and as your books will show you the same result, we 
would ask to be excused. 

We are selling out the stock, and it would seem to us now 
that some $35,000 or more would be realized above the advances 
and charges. 

We shall do our best to get all out of the stock possible, and 
the above estimate may be all you wish to learn from a stock 
sheet. 

We may be able to give you a more definite figure within a 
few days, as we progress in closing out your goods. 

Truly yours, 
No. 94.— 138 words. Linday & Co. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 105 

Declining Goods except on Commission. 

Philadelphia, June 14, 1892. 
Messrs. Jepson, Sackett & Co., 

Milwaukee, Wis. 
Gentlemen :— 

Your esteemed favor of the 14th is just before us, and we 
note your kind offer contained therein. 

We regret to say, however, that the class of goods mentioned 
are not capable of ready sale in this market, there being little 
or no demand for them, and an attempt to find a place for 
them would entail considerable outlay for advertising, etc. If 
you wish to send them to us on commission, allowing us to use 
our own discretion as to the methods to be pursued for their 
sale, we will do our best to place them, and at the least possible 
expense for our services in this direction. Our charge will be 
but 5 % on the gross price, and we will duly render you account 
sales monthly until the lot is disposed of. 

Awaiting your pleasure, we remain 

Yours respectfully, 

No. 95.— 158 words. Timothy J. Wells & Sons. 

Reply, agreeing to Proposition. 

Milwaukee, June 17, 1892. 
Messrs. Timothy J. Wells & Sons, 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
Dear Sirs : — 

Your esteemed favor of the 16th is just at hand, and con- 
tents duly noted. 

We regret to learn that the present time does not seem pro- 
pitious for the sale of our goods in your market, and we are a 
little disinclined to venture on any sale of them, other than by 
direct purchase. But as our stock is somewhat large at the 
moment, and as we have some confidence in the goods them- 
selves, and believe that they are salable wherever their mer- 
its become known, we take pleasure in sending you a sample 
lot as per accompanying memorandum. 



106 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

These we will thank you to dispose of at best prices, and in 
small lots, so as to have them well distributed, and render us 
account sales as suggested by you. 

We feel confident that these samples will influence further 
sales, and that you will find sooner or later a growing and 
permanent demand for them in your section. 

We already have orders from all parts of the South and West, 
where the goods have been well advertised, and where our 
agents have represented them extensively. 

We hope that you will do your best on this lot, with a view 
to bringing about a permanent business in the goods ; in which 
event we promise you our best rates, which we are sure you will 
find amply remunerative for all trouble and expense incurred. 

Awaiting your further favors, we remain 
Yours very truly, 

No. 96.-247 words. Jepson, Sackett & Co. 



Replying to Inquiry on Tar. 

New York, Sept. 19, 1891. 
Messrs. Wilson, Brown & Hart, 

Norwalk, Conn. 
Gentlemen : — 

Replying to your favor of the 24th inst., we would say 
that we have made inquiries regarding the California Tar, and 
find that there are only about six (6) barrels in this country, all 
held by one party. It was sent here in hopes that it would be 
able to compete with other tar, but the cost was so high that 
they have decided not to touch it. There is a N. C. Tar which 
parties tell us is equally as good and answers the same purpose 
as C. Tar, which can be had for about three (3) dollars a barrel ; 
the barrels hold about 25 gallons, and we can probably get you 
a sample of two gallons if you so desire, and same will cost you 
about 40 cents per gallon. 

Awaiting your reply, we remain 

Yours hastily, 
No, 97.— 161 words. ■- -^ - 



BUSINESS LETTERS. I07 

Instructions from Coffee Dealers. 

New York, April 29, 1892. 
Messrs. Charles Robinson & Co., 

Omaha, Neb. 

Dear Sirs:— 

We are just in receipt of a letter from you under date of 
the 23d inst., asking us in relation to our shipments of roasted 
coffee to your city. 

We beg to say that having entered into an arrangement with 
the Star Union Line by which their agent in your city will de- 
liver our coffee on orders given to you by us, we now keep on 
hand a good and well-assorted stock of all coffees for the ac- 
commodation of our customers in Omaha. 

We shall be pleased to hear from you in relation to this mat- 
ter, and if in any way you can promote our own and your 
interests and further extend the sale of our coffees in your 
territory, we shall be obliged to you, and will so arrange matters 
as to make it to your interest to do so. Relative to the prices of 
same you are doubtless well aware that you are located in the 
Kansas City division territory, and you will therefore be re- 
quired to sell at the prices governing the sale of our coffees in 
that territory, which are % of a cent above that of the New- 
York division card rates. 

On the first of each month you will be required to sign a 
certificate setting forth that during the month preceding you 
have not sold our coffees at less than division rates, and that you 
have not sold coffee to any merchant whom we have ad- 
vised you was not entitled to buy from us, and that you have 
in every instance faithfully abided by the conditions imposed 
upon you and upon all other wholesale dealers handling our 
goods. 

Trusting that you are well acquainted with the conditions 
under which sales are made, and hoping to be favored with 
your valued orders, to which we promise prompt and careful 
attention, we remain 

Very truly yours, 

P. D. French & Sons. 

No. 98.-325 words. 



108 BUSINESS LETTERS. 



Requesting Credit. 

Watertown, N. Y., July 10, 1892. 

Messrs. Harker, Cummings & Co., 

New York, N. Y. 

Gentlemen : — 

We have concluded recently to add a stationery depart- 
ment to our business, and to make a prominent feature of the 
same. 

Your name has been given to us by our friends Messrs. Bost- 
wick & Thompson, of this city, who are, we believe, customers 
of yours, and we therefore would like to ask if you are disposed 
to extend a fair amount of credit to us as regular customers. 

Our partnership capital is $5,000. We have been in business 
here for the past eight years as booksellers and general printers, 
and as far as our reputation is concerned we do not hesitate to 
refer to any bank in the city. Our bills have always been paid 
promptly at maturity, though we of course expect the usual 
terms and time of payment. Should you feel disposed to ac- 
cept us as customers, we would be pleased to receive your large 
catalogue, together with sample-book of papers of all qualities 
manufactured and dealt in by you, together with such other lit- 
erature, catalogues, price lists, etc., as you may have, that may 
be of service to us. We shall do quite a little in the way of 
taking orders in large quantities and sending them to you to be 
filled ; in such cases we would expect, of course, jobber's rates, 
(in fact, we expect to do a great deal of jobbing business and 
would want to arrange with you to have our imprint placed 
upon the packages). These, and other various matters which will 
suggest themselves later, we will specify in further communica- 
tions ; for the present we respectfully ask for a prompt reply, and 
for the literature, price lists, etc., herein requested. 

With thanks in advance, we are 

Yours very respectfully, 

No. 99.— 309 words. Timpson & Shrady. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. IO9 

Granting Request for Credit. 

Albany, July 11, 1892. 
Messrs. Timpson & Shrady, 

Watertown, N. Y. 

Gentlemen : — 

We are in receipt of your esteemed favor of the 10th 
inst., and in reply beg to say that you are no strangers to us by 
reputation, our Mr. Cook having mentioned your house several 
times in his reports while traveling in your neighborhood, and 
we believe that he has called upon you at various times, but 
learning that you confined yourselves almost wholly to the 
book trade, and did not seem disposed to undertake a stationery 
department, has thus far been unable to do any business with 
you. 

We are greatly pleased to offer you the credit which you ask, 
and will give you our best terms and lowest prices. We are 
sending you to-day by express a package containing a large 
amount of selected price lists, catalogues, sample-books, etc., 
which we are sure will prove serviceable to you, particularly in 
ordering. 

We are more than pleased to know that you contemplate job- 
bing ; we think you are wise in this, and that you will find it a 
remunerative branch of your business. As a matter of en- 
couragement, we will allow full jobber's discount on all goods 
you buy of us, it being understood, however, that the terms of 
payment are cash sixty days, five per cent, thirty days ; we will 
also allow you an additional 2 l / 2 per cent, for cash in ten days 
in case this is any inducement. 

In the package which we sent to-day you will find one hun- 
dred books containing samples of paper bearing on the outside 
your imprint, which we have taken the liberty to have placed 
upon them ; you will find them useful in soliciting orders from 
your own customers. 

We now await your further favors, and hope that our business 
intercourse will be at once pleasant and mutually profitable. 
Yours very truly, 

No. 1 00. — 320 words. Harker, Cummings & Co. 



HO BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Regarding Claim for Losses in R.R. Wreck. 

New York, Aug. 5, 1892. 
Messrs. Williams & Coit, 

Chattanooga, Tenn, 

Gentlemen : — 

It is now something like three weeks since anything has 
been done in the way of making claim for the losses sustained 
by us in the wreck on the Blank Railroad in February last. 

On the 25th of last month I asked for a conference with your 
Mr. Williams in order to see whether the matter could not be 
settled without litigation. The differences which were raised 
at that consultation were comparatively slight — so slight, in- 
deed, that it seems as if a little concession on each side would 
bring about a speedy settlement. 

We are willing to meet the Railroad Co. halfway in the mat- 
ter, and trust that with this expression of our willingness to do 
so, they will see their way clear to do likewise. 

Will you not, as our counsel, arrange to meet the properly 
authorized official of the road within a few days, and arrange 
either for a settlement on the basis above indicated, or for an 
interview, in which you, the official, and myself shall be the 
participants ? 

We do not care to incur either the expense or the trouble of 
contesting the matter; hence our proposition as above indicated. 

Be kind enough to attend to this at the earliest possible mo- 
ment, and advise me of the result. 

Yours truly, 

No. 1 1 .—236 words. Henry J. French. 

Enclosing Check. 

Herkimer, N. Y., June 8, 1891. 
Thos. J. Colt, Esq., 

Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Dear Sir : — 

Enclosed I hand you my check for $117.60, which please 
place to credit of my account. 

Yours truly, 
No. 101^.— 36 words. Thos. Barkley. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. Ill 

Weighing of Mails. 

Railway Mail Service, 

Office of Superintendent 3D Div., 

Minneapolis, Minn., Feb. 17, 1891. 
Mr. J. F. Barker, 

Hudson, Minn. 

Dear Sir :— 

Referring to notice forwarded to you January 26, 1891, 
concerning weighing of mail for 30 successive working days, 
commencing March 30, 1891. 

In this weighing your company will be required to furnish 
scales for such weighing, blanks on which to record the weights, 
and such help as may be needed in the handling of the mails 
for the purpose of weighing. 

Mails carried on all week-day trains and on all Sunday trains 
will be weighed. 

It is desirable to have some one in the employ of your com- 
pany present to verify the weights as they are taken. 

Please have blanks and scales in readiness for this weighing 
at the time indicated. 

It will avoid errors if the outward blank be printed in black 
ink and the inward blank in red ink. 

The order of the stations on the inward blank should be re- 
versed to those on the outward blank. 

A platform scale, weighing from 200 to 500 pounds, should be 
put in each car carrying the mail, except on light lines, where 
a spring balance scale will answer. 

At large stations it is desired to weigh the mail on the plat- 
form (using the depot scales) before it is put into the cars. 

This weighing will cease on May 2d, inclusive, with the last 
mail train leaving the point at which weighing began on March 
30th. 

Please instruct conductors and baggagemen to report at once 
mails on any trains which they think are not being weighed, 
stating train numbers and between what points carried. If any 
irregularity affecting the weighing is brought to your attention, 



112 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

I should be glad to be at once advised of the fact, so that it can 
be corrected. 

If you desire any additional information respecting this 
weighing, I shall take pleasure in furnishing it. 

The weighing will be conducted as clerks and weighers run, 
regardless of contract routes. 

The list of blanks below is what is needed for the use of Gov- 
ernment weighers, who are required to forward one copy to this 
office and to retain one. Presumably, the same number will be 
needed for your own use if you wish your weigher to retain a 
copy. 

Please have printed and forward to this office not later 
than March ioth to 15th the following list of blanks : 

150 outward, between Minneapolis and Dubuque. 

150 inward, between Dubuque and Minneapolis. 

75 outward, between Minneapolis and Manly. 

75 inward, between Manly and Minneapolis. 

In addition to this, I think you had better have printed about 
600 blanks for use on the motor trains, 300 outward, St. Paul to 
Inver Grove ; 300 inward, Inver Grove to St. Paul. 

Please put platform scales in each mail car on your trains No. 
3 and No. 4. Spring balance scales, weighing 120 pounds, will 
answer for mail in your baggage cars on trains Nos. 1, 2, 5, 
and 6. 

Mail dispatched and received by the motor trains will be 
weighed by a Government weigher at the Union Depot in Min- 
neapolis. 

The scales should be in position at either end of the line, so 
weighing can commence on trains carrying mail each way on 
March 30, 1891. 

In the mail cars you should place a man to assist in the 
weighing. In the baggage cars the Government will place a 
man to weigh in connection with your conductor or train bag- 
gageman. 

Please give particular instructions to your weighers that be- 
fore sending reports to your office they should compare the 
same with Government weighers' report, and that they must be 
made to agree ; then there need be no discrepancies between 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 113 

your tabulated statements and ours. This comparison can be 
easily made in all cases except where postmasters weigh for the 
Government, and there it might be done by your station agents. 
The list of blanks asked for is simply what we desire to use 
ourselves ; what you need for reports to your office, and for the 
use of your own weighers, is not taken into account. Print and 
distribute for your own use what you consider necessary, but 
send to this office what is called for for our use. If the blanks 
called for do not cover all the routes enumerated — if any 
have been omitted— kindly inform me. 
Respectfully, 
Dictated. Burton M. Bradley, 

No. 102. — 728 words. Superintendent. 

Requesting Bid for Construction of Railroad. 

Chicago, III., May 6, 1889. 
Messrs. Page & Co., 

St. Albans, Vt. 

Gentlemen : 

I am ready to contract for the construction of 600 miles 
of the Kansas & Western Railway, and shall be very glad to re- 
ceive from you a bid for doing the entire work either upon 
the first 100, 200, or 250 miles. 

The general specifications under which this work is to be 
done may be briefly stated as follows : 

Grubbing and clearing to be of full width of company's right 
of way unless otherwise directed by the engineer; part of grading 
to include all excavations and embankments required for the 
foundation of the road-bed, together with the necessary side 
tracks, depot grounds, and excavations for bridge pits and cul- 
vert foundations. 

The road-bed to be 12 feet wide at grade line, with slope of 1 
foot 6 inches horizontal to one foot vertical. 

All excavations shall be ditched on each side, of such form 
and dimensions as the engineer may direct. 

All ties to be at least 12 inches in diameter at the large end 
and not less than 6 inches at the small end. 



114 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Bridges will be first class " Hess " truss or similar, to be made 
of white oak or heart yellow pine, black cypress or other dura- 
ble timber, at the option of the engineer. 

The track-laying force to be equal to laying a mile a day 
when required by the company. 

All joints to be fully spiked and a tie each side of the joint 
center, and for the balance, 2 spikes used for every tie. 

Trusting these specifications will give you ample data upon 
which to base your estimate, and awaiting your prompt reply, 
I am 

Yours respectfully, 

No. 103. — 301 words. Schuyler T. French. 

(Another.) 

New York, September 14, 1895. 
Francis T. Williamson, Esq., 

Indianapolis, Ind. 

Dear Sir :— 

Since our last conference, I have been busy looking up 
the matter of terminals and rights of way for the new line con- 
templated between Port Jackson and Sullivan. I found but 
little difficulty in securing the property which I had in mind, 
near the center of Port Jackson, and now have an option on it 
at a price which I consider very reasonable, as well as on a 60- 
foot right of way to it through the town. This gives us the 
very best location for a depot and yards that could be asked. 

In Sullivan I was not so fortunate. The Sanford estate there 
is held at a price which is simply prohibitory, and I have conse- 
quently abandoned negotiations in that direction. Only two 
blocks away, however, is a piece of unimproved land which I 
expect to be able to get at a low figure, as the owner is in poor 
health, and wishes to remove to Florida. While not as good a 
site as the Sanford property, it is well situated for railroad pur- 
poses, being but five blocks distant from the business center of 
the city, and passed by two lines of electric cars. 

I wish you would now communicate with Major Walker, who, 
you will remember, wished to be allowed to bid for the construe- 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 11$ 

tion of the road, and see what he is willing to do. I send you 
herewith the specifications as drawn up by our engineer, which 
will serve as a guide for his estimates. These call for 70-lb. 
steel rail, but we are considering the advisability of changing to 
85-lb. steel, and I think he had better make up his estimates on 
this basis. 

I hope you have seen Johnston about the right of way through 
Montgomery's land. It seems to me that it is about time that 
matter was closed up. If Montgomery is inflexible, you had 
better threaten condemnation proceedings. His attitude is lit- 
tle short of blackmail when you consider the very fair terms 
named by his neighbors for property every whit as good as his. 
Yours very truly, 

C. T. Williams, President. 

No. 1 04.— 366 words. 

Soliciting Bid on Railroad Equipment. 

Omaha, Neb., Aug. 23, 1890. 

The Jackson & Sharp Manufacturing Co., 

Wilmington, Del. 
Gentlemen : — 

I desire to contract with you for the construction of such 
equipment as I shall use upon the Texas & Western Railroad 
after it is completed from the Suwanee River to the Rio 
Grande, a distance of about six hundred miles. 

I shall need 10 first-class passenger cars ; 20 second-class ; 
10 combined mail, baggage and express cars ; 500 box cars; 1,000 
flat cars ; 100 hand cars and 50 push cars. These to be of first- 
class workmanship and delivered within the next eighteen 
months, all to be built under the printed specifications of the 
Texas & Western Railroad Co., which I herewith enclose, and 
to be at all times subject to the inspection of a skilled mechanic 
whom T shall employ and keep at Wilmington for the express 
purpose of seeing that the cars are built in every way in accord- 
ance with specifications. 

The dimensions of the first and second class passenger cars 
are as follows : Length of car outside end sills, 50 feet ; width 
outside end sill, 9 feet, 6 inches ; height from outside of sills 



Jl6 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

to top of plates, 8 feet, 4 inches ; seating capacity, 62 persons ; 
to be equipped with Miller Coupler, Buffer and Platform, West- 
inghouse Automatic Brake; first-class cars to have 6-wheel 
trucks, as per drawings and specifications ; second-class cars to 
have 4-wheel trucks, as per drawings and specifications; up- 
holstering of best quality red plush, with green plush seat- 
backs. 

Genera] dimensions of box cars : Extreme length outside sid- 
ing, 33 feet, iy 2 inches ; length inside siding, 32 feet, 6% 
inches ; extreme width outside siding, 9 feet, 2^ inches ; width 
of door openings, 5 feet, 4 inches ; from outside end sills to 
center of transom, 5 feet. Dimensions of flat car : Extreme 
length outside sills, 33 feet ; extreme width, 5 feet ; the hand 
and push cars to be of ordinary standard pattern, with spoke 
wheels and foot-brake, and to be of first-class workmanship in 
every particular. 

The payment of this equipment is to be made in sixty days 
after the delivery of these cars, and is to be one-half cash, one- 
half in first mortgage, 7 %, 40-year gold bonds of the Texas & 
Western Railway Company, the interest upon which is guaran- 
teed by the Texas Northren Railway Company. 

I shall be glad to hear from you at your earliest convenience, 
and hope you will name so low a price upon this equipment 
that I can make a deal with you. 

Very respectfully yours, 

No. 1 05.— 440 words. Sereno R. Fordham. 

From R.R. Superintendent on Sundry Matters. 

Indianapolis, Dec. 25, 1891. 
James F. Williamson, Esq., President, 

New Orleans, La. 
My Dear Sir: 

I have just received your letter of the 18th, and am much 
pleased to learn from you that the matter about which we have 
been in correspondence has at last been settled, and to the mu- 
tual satisfaction of all parties concerned. 

It has occurred to me that it might be a good idea to send 



BUSINESS LETTERS. II 7 

for Mr. Franklin, the engineer of the road, and have a consul- 
tation with him, at which your Mr. Newman, Mr. Bartlett, and 
myself will be present. This, it seems to me, will be the best 
way of ascertaining what we are all so anxious to know, viz., 
what it will cost to build the road from Williamsburg to Steven- 
son? 

As to the amount due on that old trust note, I have referred 
this matter to our auditor, Mr. Strange, who will give it his per- 
sonal and prompt attention. I trust that whatever settlement 
he may suggest will be satisfactory to you. 

The trouble that we have been having with our switchmen 
and other employees is now nearly ended, and I anticipate no 
further difficulty on this score. 

Yours very truly, 

Thomas G. Atterbury, 

No. 106. — 203 words. Superintendent. 

Relation of R.R. to Grain Elevators. 

New York, Jan. 25, 1890. 
E. F. Cooper, Esq., 

St. Paul, Minn. 

Dear Sir : — 

I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 
14th inst. asking the policy of this company with reference to 
elevators, express company's fast freight line, palace cars, etc. 

During the year 1889 the president and directors of the com- 
pany had under consideration the elevator question, and they 
decided to construct an appropriate elevator without the inter- 
vention of outside parties. During the last year, however, after 
careful deliberation, they decided to enter into an arrangement 
and contract with responsible parties for the erection of suit- 
able, substantial elevators at Duluth, under conditions control- 
ling the handling and storage price in such a manner that there 
shall be no reasonable grounds for complaint on the part of 
shippers and storers of grain, and also upon condition that the 
company should have joint supervision of the erection of such 
elevators with the privilege of purchasing them at a certain 



Il8 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

specified price at any time that the interests of the company 
and public may seem to require. The company also decided to 
permit a responsible party or parties to erect such receiving and 
shipping elevators and grain houses along the line of the road 
as may be required, and upon such conditions as shall best 
serve the interests of shippers and of the company. 

Yours truly, 

James F. Coe, 
No. 1 07. — 232 words. General Manager. 

Report of R.R. Car Tracer. 

Cincinnati, O., Jan. 28, 1890. 
Wm. F. Parsons, 

Superintendent Elevator Co., 

Minneapolis, Minn. 
Dear Sir :— 

Enclosed you will find tracer in regard to Car No. 43,666. 
Cars were transferred once at St. Louis and once at Erie. 
Manifests were sent direct from St. Louis to Baltimore by mis- 
take. They should have gone to Erie for transfer numbers. 

Very truly yours, 

Wm. F. Hescher, 
No. 1 08.— 65 words. Agent. 

Regarding Transfer of Cars. 

Chicago, March 7, 1891. 
Mr. J. J. Merrill, 

C. A., C. R. & N. Ry., 

St. Paul. 
Dear Sir :— 

Referring to your favor of the 6th inst. attached, will say, 
that formerly we had a great deal of trouble with the millers at 
Minneapolis, and where the cars were not too badly diverted 
we transferred them at our own expense at Minneapolis rather 
than let the cars go through. Sometimes, however, this is im- 
practicable, and we have to let the cars go and request the re- 
ceiving road to transfer on delivery. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 1IQ 

I find that it is money saved in the end to do the transferring 
ourselves, as it then does not reflect on us (the diversion of the 
car), but as I said before it is not always possible to do this. 
There is only one way to break this up, and that is for all roads 
to agree not to accept a misloaded car from the millers or bill 
it out until the routing is changed or transferred at the millers' 
expense. This will bring them to time and nothing else. 
Lately, however, they have been doing a great deal better on 
account of our agent watching the matter very closely and pay- 
ing daily visits to the millers and explaining the situation to 
them, the millers in some cases having lost business on account 
of the cars being transferred. 

I know in some cases where flour was delivered in the South- 
west, men have told me personally that the only objection they 
had to buying flour at Minneapolis was the fact that it was in- 
variably transferred in transit, and they could buy it elsewhere 
at the same price and have it brought in in same cars loaded 
into. 

Yours truly, 

Chas. Bemington, 
No. 109. — 295 words. Car Service Agent. 



R.R. Superintendent's Orders to Roadmaster. 

Chicago, 111., May 6, 1890. 
Mr. S. G. Pierce, Roadmaster, 

City. 
Dear Sir:— 

Will you please instruct Division Roadmaster to have 
foremen in charge of sections and extra gangs send in reports 
of all cases of accidents of all working under them, or accidents 
to those not employees of which they may have knowledge. 
These reports should be made out on special accident blanks 
and sent in by them, as in cases of stock killed or injured. Re- 
ports should give date of accident, where it occurred, name of 
person injured, character and extent of injury, and a full, accu- 
rate, and complete statement of the manner in which person 



120 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

was injured, stating who, if any one, was to blame. These 
statements cannot be too minute as to details. 

Yours very truly, 

O. C. Shepard, 
No. 110. — 139 words. Superintendent. 

General Freight Agent to Superintendent. 

Milwaukee, Oct. 30, 1891. 
A. R. Horn, Esq., 

Superintendent, 

Stevens Point. 
Dear Sir:— 

Again referring to attached correspondence relative to 
Circus Outfit shipped from Chippewa Falls to Medford. In the 
first place, I desire to say that we do not quote rates or give in- 
structions in regard to passenger trains from this office. These 
are entirely in the hands of the General Passenger Department ; 
therefore the agent at Chippewa Falls should have asked the 
Gen'l Passenger Dep't in regard to charging for the passengers in 
the coach referred to. You will note that my reply to the agent, 
giving him instructions relative to billing freight, instructs him 
to ask the passenger department for rates for passengers. 

The agent at Medford, in his letter of Oct. 22d, states that 
the four cars contained Live Stock, and that there were four 
men in charge, with notation on way-bill to pass these men in 
accordance with circular next attached, — Classification govern- 
ing passage of men in charge of live stock. 

I enclose you copy of our Circular No. 60 1 showing rules 
governing passage of men in charge of live stock. 

The question now is, why the agent at Chippewa Falls and 
the agent at Medford didnot ask for rate on Live Stock instead 
of Circus Outfit, and when this rate was applied on the Circus 
Outfit, why did they apply it on Live Stock, as if parties in 
charge held live stock contracts allowing them one man in 
charge of each car ? 

Why did not the agent at Medford take up these contracts or 
have parties in charge show them to him when shipment was 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 121 

delivered, so that he could give direct information both to them 
and to this office? It appears that the agents at Chippewa 
Falls and Medford have handled this matter very carelessly, 
depending entirely on the man in charge for instructions as to 
billing and passenger fares. These agents both have Passenger 
Tariffs which give them full instructions in regard to rates to 
be charged for single contracts or for parties of certain numbers. 
If it is a fact that our agent at Chippewa Falls issued stock 
contracts covering four cars of Circus Outfit, and agreed to 
pass one man in charge of each car, we will have to protect 
that arrangement, and of course cannot expect consignee to pay 
for four men in charge. 

Yours truly, 

M. J. Wilcox, 

No. Ill .—403 words. G. F. A. 

From R.R. Auditor on distribution of Items. 

Memphis, St. Louis & Southern R.R. Co. 

Memphis, Tenn., June 2, 1883. 
Mr. B. N. Wheeler, Assistant Auditor, 

City. 
Dear Sir:— 

Replying to your inquiry of this date, as to the manner 
in which you should distribute the items referred to, I have to 
say that after you have determined the correct percentages you 
should then charge off the items : 

To " Conducting Transportation," locomotive and car service, 
and conductors and trainmen. 

To "Motive Power," engineers, firemen, and wipers, fuel for 
locomotive and water supply. 

" Maintenance of Road and Structures," renewals of rails and 
fastenings, and renewals of ties. 

The last three items should be equally distributed to " Im- 
provements and Betterments," " New Equipments," and " Ma- 
terial and Supplies." Credit other companies and individuals 
with the item, $60.60. 



122 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Please send copy of abstract and duplicate vouchers for June 
as soon as possible. 

Yours truly, 

D. J. SWINTON, 

No. 112. — 1 54 words. Auditor. 



Circular to R.R. Agents. 

Mobile & Western Railway. 
Car Service Department. 

Savannah, February 14, 1892. 

Circular No. 14. 
To all Agents: — 

The following will govern hereafter in handling grain 
doors and grain door lumber. 

Billing Agents, where grain doors or lumber is furnished to 
shippers for cars loaded at their stations, will note on Way-Bills 
the number of doors or quantity of lumber furnished and num- 
ber of door openings supplied. 

Where lumber is furnished by shippers, latter must show on 
shipping order the quantity of lumber furnished and number of 
door openings supplied. Agent will satisfy himself that the 
quantity of lumber, as shown on the shipping order, has been 

furnished and make notation on Way-Bill " feet of lumber 

furnished by shipper for doors." Grain door statements must 
show these transactions accurately and as blanks call for. 

Receiving agents will see that the quantity of lumber as 
Way-Bill calls for is received with car, charge himself with same, 
and at end of month show on grain door statement aggregate 
amount so received, as well as quantity received from Store- 
keeper. 

Agents at Junction points should show on expense bills to 
connecting line, quantity of lumber or number of grain doors 
supplied, and take such steps as are necessary in their judgment 
to secure return of the grain doors or lumber (as expense bill 
calls for), with return of empty cars, and do everything possible 
to avoid loss of same. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 1 23 

You will therefore inform shippers that " owing to errors in 

initials and car numbers on grain door claims, the above action 

is necessary to check claims correctly and prompt adjustment 

of same." 

R. J. Kavanagh, 

W. R. Fields, Car Service Agent. 

Supt. 
No. I 13. — 260 words. 

(Another.) 

Car Service Department. 

Little Rock, Ark., Dec. 13, 1889. 

CIRCULAR NO. 12. 

Commencing January 1, 1890, cards will be used for carding 
loaded cars as follows : 

"Perishable Time Freight' 1 (Red.) 
These cards will only be placed on cars containing Fruit, 
Vegetables, Ice, Meats, Butter, Eggs, Beer, and such freight as 
can properly be classed " Perishable." Cars so carded take pref- 
erence over all other freight except Live Stock. 

" Special Tiine Freight" (Green.) 
These cards will only be used for Freight (not perishable) that 
requires Special Despatch when ordered by the General Man- 
ager, General Superintendent, General Freight Agent or Car 
Service Agent. Cars so carded will take preference over all 
other freight except Live Stock and Perishable. 

" Time Freight!' (Black.) 

These cards to be used for all Time Freight other than above, 
and cars so carded take preference over all freight except Live 
Stock, Perishable, and Special. 

The instructions as printed on cards must be followed. The 
old cards will be used until exhausted as " Time Freight " 
cards. 
R. C. Stevens, J. R. French, 

GenT Supt. Car Service Agent. 

No. I !4.— 177 words, 



124 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Gen'l Supt. to Roadmaster. 

Chicago, III., May 22, 1883. 
Mr. L. H. Towne, Roadmaster. 
Dear Sir : — 

In regard to cars which we have in the yard here, I 
would say that the 43 boxes, 12 flats, 3 refrigerator cars and the 
rest of the coal cars have been forwarded as per instructions 
from train master by telegraph. We expect to receive the 
coaches and combination baggage, mail and express cars soon, 
and will notify you of their arrival. 

I think in order to accommodate travel on the Anamo divi- 
sion that we should run another passenger train to Ashtabula in 
the morning, so as to reach there early in the day. I also think 
that a stock train making connection at that place with the 
Midland road would be an accommodation. I have already 
talked with you on this subject, however, and await your deci- 
sion. 

Very truly, 

Samuel Warner, 
No. 1 1 5. — 1 50 words. Gen'l Supt. 

To R.R. Agent recommending Economy. 

Michigan Southern Railway, 

Cleveland, O., Feb. 5, 1891. 
Mr. E. L. McElvane, Agent, 

Toledo, O. 
Dear Sir : — 

Herewith I hand you a list of the principal industries and 
elevators at Chicago, and the roads on which they are located. 
I give you this information with a view of cutting down our 
switching expenses at Chicago by using, as far as possible, 
cars that belong to the roads on which these concerns are 
located. Thus, if you are loading grain to the Williams Grain 
Co. (or parties in their care), and you have Wabash cars on 
hand, this will take the cars home as well as saving this 
company the switching charges on empty return. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 1 25 

A little care exercised on the part of agents in this respect 
will cause a great saving to the company in the course of a 
year, and your co-operation is earnestly requested. 
Yours truly, 
Enclosure. R. F. Swayne, 

No. I 16. — 152 words. Car Service Agent. 

Instructions regarding Perishable Freight. 

The Great Northern Railway. 
Car Service Department. 

St. Paul, Minn., Feb. 21, 1891. 

CIRCULAR NO. 46. 

INSTRUCTIONS relative to perishable freight. 

Superintendents will see that the greatest care is exercised 
by all concerned, and that these instructions are understood 
in the handling of fruit, vegetables, liquid and other perish- 
able freight. Cars must in all cases be carded " Perishable " 
(red cards) soon as loading is completed or car is received 
from a foreign road and chief dispatcher notified. 

Agents at junction points, as soon as cars are received from 
connecting lines, must examine condition of all ventilators, 
hatches and drip-pipes, and in warm weather the quantity of ice 
in boxes of refrigerators. 

When temperature is above zero car must be promptly for- 
warded by first train. 

If temperature is from zero to 10 degrees below, car should 
be immediately placed in round-house and all ventilators 
opened until first train is about ready to depart, by which it 
must go forward. 

If colder than 10 degrees below zero, as soon as car is 
housed open the doors of car loaded with fruit and vegetables, 
take the inside temperature of car and examine the contents in 
the presence of a reliable witness. Leave doors and all ventila- 
tors open until temperature in car reaches 40 degrees above, 
then close doors, re-seal car and forward by first train. 

Before removing car from round-house close all ventilators 



126 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

tight. Where cars are refrigerator loaded with fruit and vege- 
tables, the hatches on top of cars should be considered as ven- 
tilators and treated accordingly. In warm weather all ventila- 
tors must be kept open at all times unless weather gets cool, in 
which case agents and conductors must close ventilators and 
open them again as soon as weather commences to get warmer. 

The object is to keep temperature in car as even as possible. 

Agents at terminals must keep complete record of cars as to 
ventilators, hatches, drip-pipes and ice-boxes of refrigerators. 
During summer the ice-boxes of refrigerator cars (except loaded 
with fruit and vegetables) should be kept as full of ice as is 
necessary to preserve the contents, and drip-pipes cleaned so 
that the water runs freely. Terminal agents will be governed 
by instructions to junction agents as to cars in housing, for- 
warding, etc. Agents must immediately notify dispatcher of 
perishable freight to go forward and await prompt acknowl- 
edgment from dispatcher. If not received within one hour re- 
peat notice until acknowledgment is received, and report case 
to this office. 

Agents at destination must take record of condition of ven- 
tilators, hatches, drip-pipes and ice-boxes, and where loaded 
with fruit and vegetables, inspect condition of contents at once 
and observe same instructions to forwarding agents as to 
housing, ventilating, etc., until car can be unloaded. Where it 
can be done, agent and consignee should examine contents to- 
gether. 

Agents at junction points where perishable freight leaves 
line must notify connecting road of freight in transit and 
probable time of arrival, and after full examination of ventila- 
tors, hatches, ice-boxes, and drip-pipes, deliver as soon as pos- 
sible. Cars loaded with fruit and vegetables, contents should be 
examined immediately upon receipt, and if car cannot be deliv- 
ered at once, follow instructions to forwarding agents as to 
housing, ventilating, etc. Complete record must be kept of 
seals, ventilators, hatches, ice-boxes, and drip-pipes when cars 
are delivered, and same should be noted on coupons, bill or 
transfer slip. 

Conductors willl take full record of ventilators, hatches, drip- 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 12/ 

pipes, and ice-boxes as " received " and " left," watch same care- 
fully while in their charge, especially the ventilators and 
hatches being closed in cold weather and properly ventilated 
in warm weather, and in case of refrigerators in summer, ice- 
boxes must be kept supplied with ice and drip-pipes running 
freely. The above record must be shown on your car and seal 
reports under head of incidents. They must keep posted on 
the instructions to agents, dispatchers, and yard-masters, and 
do everything possible to assist them in carrying out same. 

Yard-masters and switchmen will study instructions to agents 
and conductors, and render all assistance in the compliance of 
same. 

Dispatchers upon receipt of notice of fruit and perishables 
will see that the same is handled promptly, and if loaded at or 
received on road at non-Time Manifest station, arrange with the 
agent at the nearest Time Manifest station to card and mani- 
fest the car as it passes that station. Weather must be 
watched closely, and if any danger of injury from frost or seri- 
ous delays on account of snow, cars must be protected and 
housed as per instructions to agents. 

Agents, yard-masters, and conductors must examine way-bills 
closely for notations relative to ventilating,, etc.. Also the 
printed instructions on cars (generally fastened on car near ven- 
tilators) and see that the same are complied with as far as 
practicable. 

On the prompt handling and good condition of this freight 
at destination depends further business. It is therefore of the 
utmost importance that all employees co-operate in carrying 
out these instructions. 

Approved : S. B. Willoughby, 

D. T. Marks, Car Service Agent. 

Gen'l Supt. 
No. I 1 7.— 861 words. 



128 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

To Car Service Agent regarding Transfers. 

St. Paul, Minn., March 4, 1891. 
Mr. J. H. Pope, 

Car Service Agent, 

St. Paul, Minn. 

Dear Sir : — 

In connection with the cars which are sent over the river 
by us from State St. for some connecting lines, there has always 
been a Car Inspector to go over with these transfers. At the 
same time it has been found impracticable for him to remain 
with said transfer and go to each yard with their consignment 
of cars, and have inspector of these yards accept the cars. For 
instance, a transfer goes over the river with say 20 cars, 10 of 
which are for the Great Northern and 10 for the Omaha. Now 
when the Great Northern engine takes their proportion away, 
and if our Inspector goes with some of the Great Northern 
Yards in order to have receiving Inspector accept cars, the 
Omaha people may in the interval have removed the cars allot- 
ted to them, and it is impossible for Inspector to go and confer 
with receiving Inspector without considerable loss of time. 
Should either of these inspectors find a car which they cannot 
accept without release card, he immediately marks the car set 
back to the N. C. account of B. O. This has been demon- 
strated in many cases to be a costly arrangement, owing to the 
wheelage charges on said cars, irrespective of the cost for extra 
handling, etc. In order to overcome this as much as possible, 
and as each Company has a telegraph connection with us at 
State St., at which point our Inspector is located, I would sug- 
gest that Car Inspector of receiving line wire over to State St. 
that such and such a car has defects, for which he requires 
card. Our Inspector could then go over and issue the neces- 
sary release card. This would, in my estimation, save consid- 
erable to the Company, especially if it could be arranged for 
each receiving Inspector (that is to say, the one representing 
each road) to send his message at a certain time, so that the 
journey over for the K. C. Inspector would suffice for all. 

If you can arrange this with the different roads to which we 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 12Q 

deliver cars, I am quite sure it will be the means of preventing 
a great number of complaints regarding cars being returned. 

Let me know if you are able to make these arrangements, 
when I will issue the necessary instructions to our Inspector. 

Yours truly, 

T. M. McKee, 
No. 118. — 413 words. Superintendent. 

Inquiry as to Responsibility. 

New York, August 25, 1892. 
Fourth National Bank, 

Denver, Col. 

Gentlemen : — 

A Mr. F. J. Brewster, claiming to be a real estate agent 
of your city, has called on us recently for the purpose of ob- 
taining a loan of $8,000 secured on business real estate in your 
city. Mr. Brewster represents this property, located at 475 
Arapahoe St., as worth $20,000 to $25,000. 

Of course we know nothing of this gentleman, but as he 
names you as reference, we take the liberty of asking what 
you can tell us about him, and would also like your opinion as 
to value of the property in question. 

Thanking you in advance for whatever information you may 
give us, we remain, 

Yours very truly, 

No. 1 1 9.— 132 words. The Judson Banking Co. 

Reply. 

Denver, Col., Aug. 29, 1892. 
The Judson Banking Co., 

New York City, N. Y. 
Gentlemen : — 

We are in receipt of your favor of the 25th inst. inquiring 
about Mr. F. J. Brewster and certain property on which he de- 
sires to obtain a loan. 

We are well acquainted with Mr. Brewster, and consider him 



130 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

perfectly responsible in a transaction of this kind. While not a 
man of large means we have always found him reliable, and you 
need have no hesitation in dealing with him. 

The property to which you refer is in the business part of the 
city, and is increasing in value every day. 

We think that he may have overstated its value somewhat, 
as we ourselves appraise it at about $15,000 to $18,000, but its 
value is so far in excess of the amount of the loan desired that 
you would be pretty safe in accepting a first mortgage on it as 
security for the loan. 

Trusting that this will be satisfactory to you, we remain, 
Yours very truly, 

Joseph H. Franklin, 

No. 120. — 176 words. Cashier. 

Shipment of Machines. 

New York, Sept. 17, 1892. 
Thos. P. Wheeler, Esq., 

Chicago, 111. 
Dear Sir:— 

We have been duly in receipt of your favor of the 14th, 
carefully noting what you say. We much regret the dissatisfac- 
tion the Peck & Rockwell affair caused you, but you must surely 
appreciate that we have done everything with M. G. & R. that we 
could, within reason, and on sober second thought we are cer- 
tain you will not feel that you are driven to the extremity of 
making sales at any price, as you intimate the necessity of 
doing. On the contrary, we have taken as strong a position 
with M. G. & R. as we could possibly assume, except to abso- 
lutely and irrevocably cut them off altogether, which, we think 
you will agree with us, would hardly be good policy at this time 
either in your interests or our own. We demand from them the 
absolute assurance in acceptance of orders that machine is not to 
be sold at a greater discount than 3 %, and not to take the place 
of a rejected machine of some other make which they have 
agreed to put a " Crescent " instead of, if not satisfactory. This 
assurance M. G. & R. gave us with the P. & R. order, as we 
have shown you by copy of their letter, and there was nothing 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 131 

in the world for us to do but to fill the order. We even go so 
far, in billing the P. & R. machine to M. G. & R. to-day, to state 
on invoice that discount allowed is conditional upon machine 
not being sold at a greater discount than 3%, and upon its not 
being used to take the place of a competing and infringing ma- 
chine rejected as unsatisfactory. As a further evidence of our 
disposition in the matter, we enclose you, in confidence of 
course, copy of letter from M. G. & R. of 8th in answer to ours 
of 6th, of which we sent you a copy, and our reply thereto of 
13th, declining, as you will see, to accept orders until requested 
assurances were given us. Just this moment we have telegram 
from them : " Send Fred Ramsdell separator here — advise if 
shipped," which has reference to one of the above orders, and 
we also enclose you copy of our letter to them of date touching 
upon this and invoice for the P. & R. machine. Now if we are 
not doing our full duty by you, please show us wherein we are 
delinquent, and, better still, show us a better plan, taking into 
consideration of course our general interest as well as your 
own. 

We trust you have written Warren relative to machines to 
be looked after by Jacobs, and that Jacobs may already be at- 
tending to them. We note with interest what you say of the 
Wilkins Co., and shall be very glad to hear from you further as 
to how you made out with Mr. Jackson, from whose factories 
we should be more than pleased to learn that the " Hammer" 
was in a fair way of being routed. Your two machines ordered 
through R. H. Wheeler & Co. went off yesterday. The carload 
shipment we have not yet been able to forward, but hope now 
to get off the coming week. 

Referring to your postscript about " Crescent " flyers, we can- 
not find that you have an unfilled order for same, but w r e shall 
have three sent you by express to-day as per invoice, $36 net, 
enclosed. There are a number of unfilled orders for extras 
that should go to you, but our factory people are still very 
much behind in this respect, and have not yet been able to get 
them off. • 

Very truly yours, 

No. 1 2 1 . —613 words. Tangent Machine Co. 



132 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

From Inspector of Boilers. 

New York, Sept. 5, 1892. 
Thompson, Edison & Co., 

Rochester, N. Y. 
Gentlemen : 

I expect to be at your works Thursday, 10th inst., by the 
10.30 a.m. train from New York, to examine your boiler. 

Please have tanks in readiness to feed the boiler and make 
Yz" steam connection in steam drum, or in steam pipe near as 
possible to boiler, for testing the quality of steam. Mr. Brown 
expects to come up on the following day (Friday). 

Very truly yours, 

T. R. Penney, 
No. 122. — 85 words. Inspector. 

From a Landlord to his Agent. 

New York, July 27, 1892. 
Thomas H. Copeland, Esq., 

Northampton, Mass. 
Dear Sir :— 

I have just received a notice from Mr. James K. Watson 
to the effect that he has purchased, at public tax sale, the 140 
acres owned by me and of which you have had charge for some 
time past. 

Of course I am very greatly surprised, and look to you for a 
full and complete explanation of the matter. It does not seem 
possible to me that you have overlooked payment of the taxes. 
It seems much more likely that there has been some mistake 
in the assessor's or tax collector's office. 

In any event you will, of course, at once take care that no 
loss is incurred, that the taxes are paid, and the property again 
restored to my undisputed control and ownership. 

While writing I wish to call your attention to the fact that 
the rent of the 160 acres in Clarksburg is still unpaid. It has, 
as you know, been due for thre^ months, but I have had no 
desire to use extreme measures for its collection, as I knew that 
Johnson was in some difficulty and could not spare the money. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 1 33 

He promised, however, last time I was there, to pay something 
on account within two or three months ; and it seems to me 
that he ought to be able to at least show a willingness to pay, 
and remit a small amount on account as an evidence thereof. 

I think myself that his trouble is due to no fault of his 
own, and it is for this reason that I have done nothing to 
push him and worry him, nor do I desire to have you do so. 
Simply remind him of it ; tell him that I think he ought to pay 
something on account, and let me know what he says. I have 
always found him very fair and honorable in his dealings, and 
am therefore disposed to be patient and to aid him as much as 
the circumstances seem to justify. 

The other matter will have to lie over until my return. I 
have had no time to give it the necessary attention, and as I 
understand there is no special hurry about it, I shall not do 
anything about it at present. 

Send me the usual report as to the state of affairs. 

Trusting that you are well, and that everything is in good 
order, I remain 

Yours truly, 

No. 123.— 413 words. James P. Hotchkiss. 

Quoting Prices of Bicycles. 

New York, Aug. 12, 1892. 
Mr. J. F. Fanning. 

Dear Sir:— 

Having received your application for our catalogue and 
information regarding our hire purchase system, it is with 
pleasure that we enclose you a blank which will fully explain 
itself, and we are also mailing you a full set of our catalogues 
and lists. Bicycling up to the present time has been denied to 
all except those who were in a position to pay the ready cash in 
large amounts, but we are now in a position to supply bicycles 
ranging in price from $40 to $150, fitted with either cushion 
tires or pneumatic tires, and on terms that place even the high- 
est-priced machines within the reach of any one. Our terms 
of sale are for a bicycle selling at less than $75, $15 down and 



134 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

the balance in six monthly payments. For a bicycle listing at 
from $75 to $150, $20 down and the balance in 10 monthly pay- 
ments. At these prices a ridiculously small daily amount will 
purchase even the highest-priced machine. Our line com- 
prises the following well-known makes of bicycles : The Victor 
in models B and C ; the Credenda in several styles; the Salva- 
tor, Pathfinder, Pilot, Jewell, Crescent, Juno, and many others, 
all standard makes and all well known. If you can make it con- 
venient to call on us and inspect our line we should be most 
pleased to see you. Our salesrooms are open from 8 A.M. to 
10 p.m. every evening. 

Trusting that after having perused the illustrated lists that 
we have to-day sent you we shall be favored with an early 
reply from you, or an early call for inspection, we are 
Yours very truly, 

Walter F. Osgoodby, 

No. 124. — 313 words. Sec'y. 

Seeking Lost Package. 

New York, May 28, 1892. 
Mr. Francis Barrett, Agent, 

409 West 39th St., 

City. 
Dear Sir:— 

We believe that there is in your possession a package 
delivered on April 17th which came from Syracuse market! 
" Frank Barrett, New York," which does not belong to you. 
We think we have found the party to whom it belongs. 

The owner lives at 87 East 4th St., and has presented ship- 
ping receipt to claim the package. 

This Mr. Barrett tells us the package should contain a suit of 
clothes. The fact of his knowing the contents of the package, 
and it being identical with those you have, excepting that you 
claim the package when received contained but a coat and vest 
(trousers missing), is sufficient proof of his ownership. 

As to the matter of shortage we are not at present prepared 
to say what will be done. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 135 

We have sent to your house on three different occasions to 
obtain the package, but, so far, have been unsuccessful. 

We now demand that you send the same within 24 hours to 
this office, with your affidavit as to the items received on de- 
livery of the package to you. 

Yours truly, 

Charles T. Edwards, 
No. 125.— 199 words. Sec'y. 

Certificate of Recommendation. 

September 10, 1892. 

This is to certify that the bearer, Thomas T. Henderson, has 
been in my employ for the past four years, during which time 
I have found him courteous, obedient, honest, and, in all 
things, strictly reliable. I take great pleasure in recommending 
him as a capable and thoroughly efficient assistant to any per- 
son desiring his services. 

No. !26. — 62 words. Edward Henry Harper. 



Reply to Request for Information. 

Philadelphia, Pa., March 24. 
My Dear Fred : — 

In your last letter you ask me to give my opinion in 
regard to the study of phonography or shorthand. 

I am very much of the opinion that the study of shorthand is 
one of the most important that can be taken up by any one, 
more particularly those who are intending to enter a profes- 
sional life. Its merits are well known to me, for I have prac- 
ticed it from boyhood, and I am sure I am not saying too much 
when I assert that it has been of inestimable benefit to me in 
all my professional and literary career. This is my candid and 
honest opinion regarding the matter referred to. 

It is true that I am what many might call prejudiced in favor 
of it, but surely I ought to be able to form an opinion and give 
utterance to it, " for I know whereof I speak." 

Hoping that this little epistle will be satisfactory, and with 



I36 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

best wishes for your success in the study of the " beautiful art," 
believe me, 

Yours very sincerely, 

Robert P. Cornwall. 
Mr. F. P. Johnson, 

Hartford, Conn. 

No. I 27.— 185 words. 

Declining Remittance. 

New York, Sept. 1, 1892. 
Messrs. Smith Bros., 

St. Louis, Mo. 

Gentlemen : — 

We beg to acknowledge receipt of your favor of the 19th 
ultimo enclosing check for $32.65, which we return you here- 
with as incorrect. We cannot accept this check in settlement 
of your account, as the deduction of seventy-five cents for 
freight we cannot allow. We do not deliver goods outside of 
the city, and are also very frank in stating that this deduction 
after the account was overdue over six months we consider 
just a disposition on your part to stave off the payment. 
You will kindly send us a corrected check or return the en- 
closed with postage-stamps to balance. 

No. I 28. — 118 words. Yours very truly. 

From Publishers of Reference Book. 

Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 10, 1892. 
Dear Sir : — 

Referring to return of bill for use of our Druggists' Ref- 
erence Book, beg to say, on June 19th last we received your 
order for the Reference Book, one year, Vol. XL, including the 
Confidential Letter for the same time, as per the terms printed 
on the order. The order is evidently signed by the same hand as 
made out the report of your bank, and was therefore accepted 
as genuine. 

Enclosed we hand you the order for your examination, and 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 13/ 

request that you return same to us with your acknowledg- 
ment. 

You can readily see that the character of the Reference 
Book makes it a very expensive publication to produce, and 
therefore we only issue as many copies as are ordered in ad- 
vance. 

Believing you will find the book and its supplemental sheet 
useful in your business, and regretting that there should have 
been any misunderstanding about the matter, we are, 

No. I 29. — 160 words. Yours very truly. 

Resenting Arbitrary Rules. 

Prescott, Arizona, June 3, 1892. 

Messrs. J. D. Beckenridge & Bro., 

Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Gentlemen : — 

In reference to our favor of the 17th inst., we beg to say 
the expression of your ideas is made in such a manner that in 
justice to ourselves we are compelled to reply that such views 
are entirely uncalled for so far as we are concerned. 

In regard to the first clause of your letter, the act of selling 
goods to a firm that has been cut off from buying direct is cer- 
tainly contrary to the interest of the wholesale merchant doing 
it, if that merchant does so without acquainting you of the fact ; 
but our letter to you was simply an indication to you that 
in case we found it would be more profitable to supply our 
regular customers with your tobacco in small lots we should 
do so. We do not intend to do anything which is contrary to 
the rules of trade, or which will jeopardize your interests in the 
very slightest degree. If you will inform us by return mail 
what your conditions of sale are, giving us the names of those 
parties to whom you have refused to sell your goods, by reason 
of some irregularity of which they have been guilty, or on 
account of non-payment, we will do our best to see that your 
wishes in this respect are carried out, although in doing so we 
do not for a moment wish you to understand that we consider 



138 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

that you have any right to dictate to whom we shall sell goods 
of your or other makes, or that we are to be governed in any 
way by such prices as you may deem it advisable to fix. 

We are always desirous of doing everything in our power to 
promote the interests of those from whom we buy as well as 
those to whom we sell goods, and this is the first instance we 
can recollect in the whole course of our business where any 
clashing has arisen by reason of arbitrary rules laid down by the 
purchaser for the guidance of his customers. 

We trust this letter may set matters right, and that we may 
have, as we believe we have had heretofore, the full confidence 
of those with whom we come in contact, both as purchasers and 
sellers. 

Hoping to hear from you, and with best wishes, we remain,. 

Very truly yours, 

No. I 30.— 414 words. M. L. Peabody & Co. 



Explaining Delay in Remitting. 

Richmond, Va., February 22, 1883. 
Mr. William M. Johnston, 

Buffalo, N. Y. 
Dear Sir: — 

We are in receipt of your favor of the 18th inst., and re- 
plying to same would say that we will send you a check for the 
amount of the bill received with your letter above mentioned 
on the 10th of next month, and will also pay you the interest 
due on the same. 

Our settlements are somewhat backward this month and we 
are having considerable difficulty in making collections, and for 
that reason are rather cramped for the funds to meet our obli- 
gations. We hope, however, to remit you in full, with interest, 
on the above date, and remain, 

Yours very respectfully, 
No. 131. — 125 words. James J. Osborn & Co. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. 1 39 

Letter of Introduction. 

Omaha, Neb., Sept. 14, 1892. 
J. B. Washburn, Esq., 

San Francisco, Cal. 
My Dear Mr. Washburn:— 

This letter will be handed to you by my friend Mr. Harry 
Jennings, of this city, who is about to visit the Pacific Coast for 
the benefit of his health, and who intends also to look after 
some business interests which he has in Mendocino Co. 

I sincerely commend him to your consideration, and trust 
that you will make his stay while in your city pleasant, and 
render to him such kind services as I know you would to me if 
I were there. 

He is worthy of your highest regard, and any courtesies that 
you may extend to him will be very greatly appreciated by me. 
With kindest regards, I am, 

Yours sincerely, 
No. 132. — 136 words. Charles B. Rogers. 

Objecting to Condemnation of Land for R.R. 

Milwaukee, April 4, 1890. 
Messrs. Tompkins & Sperry, 

No. 147 Madison St., 

New Orleans, La. 

Gentlemen :— 

A matter has just been brought before us by one of our 
clients which requires immediate investigation, and we there- 
fore take this method of putting the same in your charge, know- 
ing that you are thoroughly experienced in such matters and 
are fully competent to manage it for us. 

It seems that certain lands, which you will find specified in 
the accompanying letter, have been condemned, and it is in- 
tended to take them for R.R. purposes. A full and detailed 
statement and a map of the property will be found attached to 
said letter. We are extremely anxious to serve our party, and, 



140 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

if possible, prevent this outrageous proceeding (for such it 
seems to us) on the part of the Railroad Co. Will you kindly 
look into the matter and let us know promptly if you can hold 
out any encouragement as to the probable result of an applica- 
tion for an injunction. Whatever is to be done must be done 
quickly, as there are only five days in which to take any action 
which may seem advisable under the circumstances. We will 
therefore ask you for a speedy consideration of the subject. 

Awaiting your advices, we are, 

Yours very respectfully, 

No. 133- — 219 words. Nicodemus Jones & Sons. 

Regarding Collection of Bad Debts. 

Pittsburgh, Pa., Oct. 10, 1891. 
Emory R. Moore, Esq., 

Galveston, Texas. 

Dear Sir: — 

Having lately been informed that you are about to un- 
dertake the collection of bad debts in your vicinity, we take 
the liberty of asking if this is the case. Our fiends, Thomas 
Atkins & Co., mentioned the subject to us and recommended 
you very highly, saying that if you had taken up this branch 
they were confident that we would find your services of consid- 
erable value. 

We enclose a statement of sundry accounts which are owing 
by us parties living in Galveston and its near neighborhood, 
and should be more than pleased to have them collected for us. 

Inasmuch as they are long overdue, and receiving no response 
to our oft-repeated requests for remittance, we had almost de- 
cided to charge them off to profit and loss. 

We do not know your fees for collection, but are willingto allow 
on these a commission of 15$, which, in view of the large 
amount involved, we consider liberal remuneration. Most of 
these accounts will bear considerable pressure ; there is one, how- 
ever, the non-collection of which we believe to be due to sickness 
and misfortune rather than any intentional fraud. This account 



BUSINESS LETTERS. I4I 

(that of Mr. Bidwell) we wish to have you collect if possible, 
but be very lenient with him, in case it should seem unadvisable, 
owing to unfortunate or unforeseen circumstances, to use pres- 
sure. 

Awaiting your early reply, we remain, 

Yours very truly, 

No. 1 34.-244 words. Wicks & Leach. 

Application for Employment. 

Worcester, Mass., Sept. 14, 1892. 
Messrs. J. H. Wendel & Co., 

76 Mercer St., 

Providence, R. I. 
Gentlemen ;— 

I noticed your advertisement in the Herald yesterday for 
a book-keeper; and in reply thereto I beg to apply for the 
position. 

You ask for qualifications and references. I am 25 years old, 
single, and am thoroughly familiar with book-keeping and corre- 
spondence in all their branches, having been engaged, first with 
a wholesale drug house and later with a wholesale and retail 
dry-goods firm, in both places as chief book-keeper. 

As references I would name Thomas F. Johnson, Esq., Presi- 
dent of the Standard Drug Co., and James F. Straus, Manager 
of Neals & Walker, of this city. Also the Hon. Thomas F. 
Jenkins, who has known me ever since boyhood. 

I shall expect a salary of $1,500 per year, with a prospect of 
advancement whenever, in your opinion, my services shall be 
worth it. 

I assure you that if my application is favorable I shall do my 
utmost to serve you faithfully and to make the interests of your 
firm my own. If you will favor me with an appointment I shall 
be glad to call upon you at your convenience. 

Trusting to hear from you, I remain, 

Yours respectfully, 

George F. Fitzwilliam. 
No. 72 Washington St. 

No. 1 35. — 210 words. 



142 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

Letter from News Agency. 

New York, Oct. 20, 1892. 
Mr. Francis Wellman, Sec'y, 

Bridgeport, Conn. 
Dear Sir:— 

We shall be pleased to receive from you formal notices of 
all dividends declared by your Company, or any change in your 
Board of Directors, so that they can be promptly transmitted, 
free of charge, over our wires to all principal cities and by our 
financial instruments, and slips to our customers all over the 
city. 

You will readily recognize that Banks, Capitalists, and In- 
vestors are anxious to obtain the earliest information on this 
subject, and so depend on our Agency to supply them. 

The channels which we reach naturally exact accuracy and 
dispatch, and we shall therefore esteem it a favor if you will 
facilitate our efforts in that direction. 
Yours respectfully, 

Domestic News Agency, 

Frank Benham, 
No. 136.— 132 words. Manager. 

Inquiry regarding suspected Fraudulent Purchase. 

Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 10, 1892. 
Messrs. Jenkins, Franklin & Sons, 

Northampton, Mass. 
Gentlemen : — 

There have been several inquiries made of us lately as to 
the whereabouts of a certain dealer named Hamilton, formerly 
of your city. He was, I think, located there some time in 1872, 
and I believe was there lately. I remember him, however, at 
that time. 

The inquiry is made on behalf of some clients of ours to 
whom he is indebted for goods purchased recently in this city. 
Becoming somewhat uneasy, and having their suspicions 
aroused by certain statements which he made, they have re- 



BUSINESS LETTERS. I4j 

quested me to ascertain, if possible, his antecedents. Hence 
my request of you. 

You can readily perceive that the matter is of some import- 
ance to the parties for whom we are acting, and if you will 
favor us with a prompt reply, we will be greatly indebted to you. 
Taking occasion to thank you in advance, we are, 

Yours very truly, 

Frank J. Lee, 
No. 137.— 160 words. Sec'y. 

Reply to Same. 

Northampton, Mass., Oct. 12, 1892. 
F. J. Lee, Esq., Secretary, 

Indianapolis, lnd. 
Dear Sir:— 

We are in receipt of your esteemed favor of the 10th, 
making inquiry regarding Mr. Hamilton, formerly of this city. 
In reply we beg to say that we were well acquainted with this 
gentleman during his residence here, and knew nothing in his 
business or social life deserving of criticism. We think that there 
must be some mistake in the party, or that he is being imper- 
sonated by some one else with fraudulent intent. 

We would be very much pleased to receive a description of 
the party who called upon you, and to know what account he 
gave of himself during the period he claims to have resided 
here. We think it would be a very easy matter to tell whether 
he is the identical person or not. 
Awaiting your reply, we are, 

Yours respectfully, 
No. 138.— 152 words. Jenkins, Franklin & Sons. 

Denouncing Purchaser as a Fraud. 

Springfield, 111., Oct. 14, 1892. 
Mr. Frank J. Lee, Sec'y, 

Indianapolis, lnd. 
Dear Sir: — 

Your valued favor of the 12th inst. is just at hand. In 
reply thereto I beg to say that I have not been in Indianapolis 



144 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

for over ten years, and hence could not have bought any goods 
there within the last three weeks. Whoever is doing so under 
my name is acting without any authority from me whatsoever, 
and I have to-day telegraphed to the Chief of Police to arrest 
him at once if possible. I also wired your correspondents there 
to countermand the orders he had given, and if he happened 
in again to hold him for the police. As you well say, I don't 
care to have my name and reputation traded on by rogues. 

Many thanks to you for writing me so promptly and so 
fully regarding the matter. I shall not forget your kindness. 
If you hear anything more write me at once, addressing your 
letters here, and in case I have left Springfield my mail will be 
forwarded to me. 

Yours, etc., 

No. 139.— 180 words. Samuel Hamilton. 



To Sales Agent reporting non-arrival of Goods. 

Providence, R. I., Sept. 24, 1892. 
Johnson F. Cummings, Esq., 

Sales Agent, 

Boston. 
Dear Sir:— 

Your letter of yesterday is just received. 

The forty (40) cases men's arctics which were shipped to 
Jackson & Shaw on the 12th ultimo are reported by them not 
received. This evidently is owing either to some defect in 
marking or else delay en route. 

Will you please investigate at your end, and see if the marks 
were all right, and, if so, start tracer after the goods double- 
quick ? 

This is no time of year to have rubber goods delayed for a 
month or six weeks, and if the goods are not found in a day or 
two, we shall have to ship a duplicate of the order at once, and 
then find the first shipment as soon as we can afterward. We 
cannot offend customers, and would far rather ship the goods 
over again than to keep them without them so long. 



BUSINESS LETTERS. I45 

If you succeed in tracing them before next Tuesday noon, tele- 
graph us and also Jackson & Shaw, and have the goods rushed 
up to them at once. 

We await your prompt advice. 

Yours truly, 

No. 140.— 195 words. Boston Rubber Co. 

Sales Agent's Reply. 

Boston, Sept. 25, 1892. 
Boston Rubber Co. 

Gentlemen : 

Yours of the 24th at hand. The cases for Jackson & 
Shaw went from here properly marked, and in good shape. 
The delay, wherever it is, is the fault of the R.R. Co. Tracer 
has been sent after the goods by telegraph, and I expect to 
hear from it this afternoon ; if I do, will have the cases sent to 
"Jackson & Shaw lively. 

I know as well as you that customers must have these goods 
promptly, and no delay has ever resulted from any fault of this 
office since its establishment — five years ago. Of course we 
cannot avoid railroad delays, although we are constantly 
hounding them to rush our goods forward. I shall give them 
a sharp letter on this apparently inexcusable delay. 

I trust that no such trouble will occur again. 

Yours truly, 

J. F. Cummings, 

No. 141 . — 1 50 words. Sales Agent. 

Complaint to Railroad of Delay in Transit. 

Boston, Sept. 25, 1892. 
N. A. Tompkins, Esq., 

General Freight Agent, 

Boston & Albany R. R. 
Dear Sir : 

On the 8th of last month we shipped by your line forty 
cases men's arctics, as per way-bill, to Messrs. Jackson & Shaw, 
Indianapolis, with particular instructions (the same as we give 



I46 BUSINESS LETTERS. 

on all our fast freight) to have them pushed through double- 
quick. 

We now have a letter, six weeks later, that the goods are 
not yet received. I have requested your agent at the Broad 
Street Station to trace them by telegraph at once, and am now 
awaiting the result. 

Of course at the moment I do not know what the trouble is, 
but it must be some carelessness either on your road or with 
connecting lines, and wherever it is I would like it located, so 
that there shall be no similar occurrence again. 

You know perfectly well that goods of this sort, when they 
are wanted, are wanted bad, and here it is almost the first of 
November and these people have no men's arctics. 

Of course we get all the blame. 

If this were the first complaint I had been obliged to make, I 
should not feel like speaking so plainly ; but it is not. Each 
time that we give you a blessing for delays, we ourselves get it 
tenfold, and perhaps some of these fine days will lose a good cus- 
tomer. I therefore earnestly ask you once more that you have 
the clerks on all your branches take particular pains with our 
shipments, — which are certainly large enough and frequent 
enough to be worthy of some little special attention. 

Hoping that there will be an immediate and radical improve- 
ment in this respect, I am, 

Yours, etc., 

J. F. CUMMINGS, 

No. 142. — 295 words. Sales Agent. 



PART III. 

LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

Notice of Motion for Order. 
SUPREME COURT. 

1 



In the matter of the application of 
John Smith to compel payment 
to him by Thomas Jones of 
money received by him as Attor- 
ney for said Smith, and the sur- 
render held by said Attorney. 



Sir :— 

Please to take notice that upon the annexed petition of 
John Smith, verified on the 27th day of May, 1892, and the affida- 
vit of W. H. J. Taylor, verified March 9, 1892, we shall move 
this Court to a special term thereof, to be held at Chambers 
in the County Court House, in the City of New York, on the 
25th day of June, 1892, dX 11%, a.m., for an order directing you 
to repay to the said petitioner the sum of $127.00, and also 
to account to him for the balance in your hands of the sum 
of $500.00 after payment of a judgment mentioned in said pe- 
tition and surrender by you of all papers belonging to the said 
petitioner, and such other and further relief as to the Court 
may seem just and equitable. 

Yours, etc., 

W. H. J. Taylor, 
No. .—187 words. Atty.for Petitioner John Smith. 

(147) 



48 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 



Summons. 
SUPREME COURT, 

CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK. 



John Harland, as Receiver of the 
property, assets, and effects of the 
firm of White & Munson, com- 
posed of Joseph White and 
John Munson, 

against 

Joseph White, John Munson, 
Joseph E. White, and Theo- 
dore R. Green, individually and 
as Assignee for the benefit of the 
creditors of the said firm of 
White & Munson. 



Summons. 



To the above-?iamed Defendants and each of them : 

You are hereby summoned to answer the complaint 
in this action, and to serve a copy of your answer on the 
Plaintiff's Attorney within twenty days after the service of this 
summons, exclusive of the day of service ; and in case of your 
failure to appear, or answer, judgment will be taken against 
you by default, for the relief demanded in the complaint. 
Dated July 23, 1889. 

Martin D. Goodhart, 

Plaintiff's Attorney, 

Office and Post- Office Address, 

No. 41 Produce Excha7ige Building, 
No. 2. — 157 words. New York City, N. Y. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. I49 

Summons, with Notice. 
SUPERIOR COURT OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 



The Wilcox Manufacturing 
Company, 

Plaintiff, 



vs. 



Jones, Smith, Brown, and Robin- 
son, 

Defendants. 



To the above-nained Defendants : 

You are hereby summoned to answer the complaint in 
this action and to serve a copy of your answer on the Plaintiff's 
Attorney within twenty days after the service of this summons, 
exclusive of the day of service ; and in case of your failure to 
appear or .answer, judgment will be taken against you by de- 
fault for the relief demanded in the complaint. 
New York, March 29, 1891. 

R. Henry Playfair, Plff's Attorney, 

23 Broadway, New York. 

To Jones, Smith, Brown, and Robinson, defendants above 
named : 

The foregoing summons is served upon you by publication 
pursuant to an order of Hon. Samuel Brown, one of the Justices 
of the Superior Court of the City of New York, dated March 
14, 1891, and filed v/ith the complaint in the office of the Clerk 
of said Court, on said day, at the County Court House in the 
City aforesaid. 

New York, March 16, 1891. 

R. Henry Playfair, Plff's Atty., 

No. 3.— *i8i words. 23 B'way, New York. 



150 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

Affidavit of a Creditor. 

State of New York, 
Ulster County. 

John Benton, of the said county, one of the petitioning 
creditors of Thos. Ransom, an insolvent debtor, being duly 
sworn, doth depose and say, that the sum of thirty dollars, law- 
ful money of the United States, being the sum annexed to the 
name of this deponent, subscribed to the petition, is justly due 
to him from the said insolvent, on account for (or, on a prom- 
issory given for) goods, wares, and merchandise, sold and de- 
livered by him to the said insolvent ; (or, as the case may be, 
stating the nature of the demand, — whether on written security 
or otherwise), and that neither he, nor any person to his use, hath 
received from the said insolvent, or any other person, payment 
of any demand or any part thereof, in money, or in any way 
whatever, upon any express or implied trust or confidence that 
he should become a petitioner for the said insolvent. 

John Benton. 
Sworn to before me this 
9th day of December, 1892, 

George Van Brunt, Notary Public, 

Ulster County, N. Y. 
No. 4. — 161 words. 



I 



How to tell the Day of the Week of any Date. 

The following formula will enable a person to tell the day of 
the week of any date. Take the last two figures of the year, 
add a quarter of this, disregarding the fraction ; add the date 
of the month and to this add the figure in the following list, 
one figure standing for each month : 

Jan. Dec. 

36624025 1361 

Divide the sum by 7, and the remainder will give the num- 
ber of the date in the week, and when there is no remainder the 
day will be Saturday. Example : Take May 26, 1890. Take 90 
plus 22 plus 26 plus 4 equals 142 divided by 7 leaves a re- 
mainder of 2, which is the number of the day, or Monday, 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 151 

IRREVOCABLE POWER. 

Know all Men by these Presents, 

That I, Joseph W. Woodward, for value Received, have 
bargained, sold, assigned, and transferred, and by these presents 
do bargain, sell, assign, and transfer unto Marlowe F. Crocker 
Four hundred (400) shares of the Preferred Stock of the Willi- 
mantic & St. Louis Railroad Co. standing in my name on the 
books of the said Company. And I do hereby constitute and 
appoint said Marlowe F. Crocker my true and lawful Attorney, 
irrevocably, for me and in my name and stead but to his use, 
to sell, assign, transfer, and make over, all or any part of the 
said stock, and for that purpose to make and execute all neces- 
sary acts of assignment and transfer thereof, and to substitute 
one or more persons with like full power, hereby ratifying and 
confirming all that said Attorney or his substitute or substitutes 
shall lawfully do by virtue hereof. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal 
at New York the tenth day of May, 1892. 

Joseph W. Woodward. [Seal.] 

Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of 
Walter Denning. 



State of New York, 



:,!' 



City and County of New York, 

Be it known, That on the tenth 
day of May, one thousand eight hun- 
dred and ninety two, before me, Will- 
iam M. Thompson, a Notary Public in 
and for the State of New York, duly 
commissioned and sworn, dwelling in 
the City of New York, personally came 
and appeared Joseph W. Woodward, to 
me personally known, and known to 
me to be the same person described in, 
and who executed the above Power of 
Attorney, and he acknowledged th§ 



152 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

above Power of Attorney to be his act 
and deed. 

In testimony whereof, I have 
hereunto subscribed my name and af- 
fixed my seal of office, the day and year 
last above written. 

William M. Thompson, 
[Seal.] Notary Public 214. 

No. 5.— 312 words. 

Assignment of a Claim. 

Know all men by these presents, that I, John Smith, of 
the City of Brooklyn, County of Kings and State of New York, 
in consideration of one dollar, lawful money of the United 
States, to me in hand paid before the sealing and delivery of 
these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have 
sold, assigned, transferred, and set over, and by these presents 
do sell, assign, transfer, and set over unto Erastus Johnstone, 
of the City of Chicago in the County of Cook and State of 
Illinois, his executors, administrators, and assigns, to his and 
their own proper use and benefit, any and all sums of money 
now due or to grow due upon the annexed account, or upon 
the promissory notes therein mentioned. 

And I do hereby give the said Erastus Johnstone, his ex- 
ecutors, administrators, and assigns, the full power and author- 
ity, for his or their own use and benefit, but at his or their own 
cost, to ask, demand, collect, receive, compound, and give ac- 
quittance, for the same or any part l hereof, and in my name or 
otherwise to prosecute and withdraw any suits or proceedings 
at law or in equity for the purpose of collecting the same. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal 
this first day of September. 1892. 

John Smith. [Seal.] 
In the presence of 

John T. Lewis. 
No. 6. — 228 words. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 1 53 



Acknowledgment of Power of Attorney. 



■:} 



United States oe America, 
City and County of New York. 

Be it known, that on the twenty-second day of September, 
one thousand eight hundred and ninety, before me, John Rob- 
inson, a Commissioner of Deeds in and for the City and 
County of New York, duly commissioned and sworn, person- 
ally came George Bender, to me known to be the individual de- 
scribed in and who executed the foregoing Power of Attorney, 
and acknowledged the same to be his act and deed. 

John Smith, 
Commissioner of Deeds for the 
No. 7. — 91 words. City of New York. 

Bill of Sale. 

Know all men by these presents, that I, Spencer Jones, 
of Montowese, in the County of New Haven and State of Con- 
necticut, for and in consideration of the sum of seven hun- 
dred and fifty dollars ($750), good and lawful money of the 
United States to me in hand paid, the receipt whereof is hereby 
acknowledged, do hereby sell, assign, transfer, and set over to 
Willis Henning, of the same place, all those certain articles of 
personal property hereinafter mentioned, to wit (mentioning 
them specifically) : located at East Haven, in the County of 
New Haven and State of Connecticut. 

To have and to hold the same unto the said Willis Hen- 
ning, his executors, administrators, and assigns for ever. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal 
this eleventh day of October, in the year one thousand eight 
hundred and ninety-one. 

Spencer Jones. [Seal.] 
In the presence of 

William Robinson. 
No. 8. — 150 words. 



154 L AW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

Stipulation as to Evidence. 

SUPREME COURT. 

KINGS COUNTY, NEW YORK. 



Robert Murray, Jr. 

vs. 
Robinson & Caten. 



The Parties to this action agree to admit upon trial that the 
copies of the protest and survey and other papers annexed to 
the deposition of Captain Alexander C. Ray, may be used in lieu 
of the originals and with like effect; also that the copy of 
the letter annexed hereto is a copy of the letter written by 
said Captain Ray to Peck & Church, at Sydney, August 31, 
1886, referred to in the cross-examination, and may be read 
in evidence as a part of his cross-examination in lieu of and 
with the same effect as the original. 

Also that the copy hereto annexed of the slip or application 
to the Washington Insurance Company may be read upon the 
trial in lieu of and with like effect as the original, and that the 
papers referred to in the letter of December 15, 1886, were on 
that day with the letter delivered to defendants by some one 
on behalf of plaintiffs. 

Johnson & Haskins, 

Attorneys for Defendants. 

Samuel P. Albert, 

Attorney for Plaintiff. 
Brooklyn, N. Y., Oct. 23, 1887, 

No, 9.— 194 words, 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 1 55 

Order for Warrant against Judgment Debtor for 
Contempt of Court. 

At a Special Term of the City Court of 
New York, held at the City Hall, 
in the City of New York, on the 
ioth day of September, 1891. 
Present : 

Hon. Simon M. Ehrlich, 

Chief Justice. 



John P. Smith 

against 
Charles Robinson. 



On reading and filing a copy of the affidavit of William 
Downs, verified the 27th day of August, 1891, and the order 
granted thereon and dated the 28th day of August, 1891, re- 
quiring the above-named defendants and each of them to 
appear at the Chambers of this Court on the 4th day of Sep- 
tember, 1891, to make discovery on oath concerning their prop- 
erty, in proceedings supplementary to execution on the judg- 
ment entered in the above entitled action, and also the 
affidavit of Paul Atwood, verified the 4th day of September, 
1 89 1, and the affidavit of William Downs, verified the 4th day of 
September, 1891, and the order granted thereon bearing date on 
said day, requiring the above-named defendant, Charles Robin- 
son, to show cause why he should not be punished for contempt 
of Court, and the affidavit of said Paul Atwood, verified the ioth 
day of September, 1891, by all of which it appears to the satis- 
faction of the Court that the said defendants were duly required 
to appear and make discovery on oath concerning their prop- 
erty as aforesaid, and that the said order was duly and person- 
ally served on the above-named defendant, Charles Robinson, 



156 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

and that he has failed and neglected to obey the command of 
the said order and has made default in such appearance, and 
that thereafter an order was duly made and granted requiring 
the said defendant, Charles Robinson, to show cause why he 
should not be punished for contempt in neglecting and failing 
to obey the order aforesaid, and that said order to show cause 
was duly and personally served on the said defendant, Charles 
Robinson, within the time limited for such service, and that he 
again failed to appear, either personally or by attorney, to show 
cause as aforesaid, and that he, the said defendant, Charles 
Robinson, has been guilty of contempt of Court ; now, on mo- 
tion of William Downs, counsel for the plaintiff and judgment 
debtor herein, 

It is hereby ordered, that a warrant of attachment issue 
to the Sheriff of the City and County of New York, command- 
ing him to arrest the said Charles Robinson, and to bring him 
before this Court at a Special Term thereof to be held in 
Chambers in the City Hall, in the City of New York, on the 
1 6th day of October, 1 891, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, to an- 
swer for the alleged offence. 

* * * * 

No. 10.— 444 words. 

General Release. 

TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME OR MAY 

concern, greeting : Know ye, that I, Harvey Brockett, of 
the City of New York, in the County and State of New York, 
for and in consideration of the sum of one dollar, lawful money 
of the United States, to me in hand paid by William Robinson 
of the same place, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, 
have remised, released, and forever discharged, and by these 
presents do, for myself, my heirs, executors, and administra- 
tors, remise, release, and forever discharge the said William 
Robinson, his heirs, executors, and administrators, of and from 
all and all manner of action and actions, cause and causes of 
action, suits, debts, dues, reckonings, sums of money, accounts, 
bonds, bills, specialties, covenants, contracts, controversies, 
agreements, promises, variances, trespasses, damages, judg- 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 157 

ments, executions, claims, and demands whatsoever, in law or 
in equity, which against the said William Robinson I ever had, 
now have, or which my heirs, executors, or administrators 
hereafter can, shall, or may have for, upon, or by reason of any 
matter, cause, or thing whatsoever, from the beginning of the 
world to the day of the date of these presents. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and 
seal this seventh day of February, in the year one thousand 

eight hundred and ninety-two. 

Harvey Brockett. [Seal.] 
Sealed and delivered 
in the presence of 

Sidney F. Sanford. 
No. I I . — 234 words. 

Oath of Executor as to Accounts. 

I, Charles Jones, executor of Jackson Tomkins, being duly 
sworn, say, that the charges made in the foregoing account of 
proceedings, and schedules annexed, for moneys paid by me to 
creditors, legatees, and next of kin, and for necessary expenses, 
are correct : that I have been charged therein all the interest 
for moneys received by me and embraced in said account, for 
which I am legally accountable ; that the moneys stated in said 
account as collected were all that were collectible, according 
to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief, on the 
debts stated in such account at the time of the settlement 
thereof ; that the allowances in said account for the decrease of 
the value on any assets, and the charges therein for the increase 
in such value, are correctly made, and that I do not know of 
any error in said account, or anything omitted therefrom, which 
may in anywise prejudice the rights of any party interested in 
said estate. And I further say, that the sums under twenty 
dollars charged in the said account, for which no vouchers 
or other evidences of payment are produced, or for which 
I may not be able to produce vouchers or other evidences of 
payment, have actually been paid and disbursed by me as 
charged ; and that the said account contains, to the best of my 
knowledge and belief, a full and true statement of all my re- 



158 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

ceipts and disbursements on account of the estate of said dece- 
dent, and of all money and other property belonging to said 
estate which have come into my hands, or which have been 
received by any other person by my order or authority for my 
use, and that I do not know of any error or omission in the 
account to the prejudice of any creditors of, or any person in* 
terested in, the estate of the decedent. 

Charles Jones, Executor. [Sea/.] 
Sworn to before me this 
10th day of March, 1892. 
Theodore Peterson, 

Notary Public. 
No. 12. — 332 words. 

Notice of Taking Depositions. 

IN THE UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT FOR THE 
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK. 



Alonzo T. Stetson 

vs. 

Duncan Mackey et al. 



Please take notice that on the 15th day of July, 1891, at n 
o'clock in the forenoon, I shall, at my office, Nos. 22 and 23 
Astor House, New York City, begin to examine witnesses and 
introduce proofs on the behalf of the above cause. Said exam- 
ination will be conducted before John A. Shields, Esq., a stand- 
ing examiner in this Court, or other competent officer, and 
will be conducted and continued from day to day until com- 
pleted. 
You are invited to attend and cross-examine. 
Respectfully, 

J. Emmons Blanchard, 
New York, July 12, 1891. Defendant's Solicitor. 

To J. Martin Welch, 

Complai?tanf s Solicitor. 
No. 13. — 123 words. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 1 59 

Deposition. 



State of Connecticut, 
City and County of New Haven, 



Walter Green, of said City, Counsellor-at-Law, being duly 
affirmed, says, that he is a son of Ephraim Green, late of the 
City of New Haven, produce dealer: that the said Ephraim 
Green died on the 1st day of June, 1882, leaving him surviving 
his widow, Cornelia S. Green, and two children, viz. : Benjamin 
R. Green, who is now deceased, and this deponent, Walter 
Green, his only heirs at law, and said Cornelia S., Benjamin R., 
and Walter, are the only devisees under his last will and testa- 
ment : that the said Ephraim Green was at the time of his 
death seized and possessed, among other property, of the 
premises, 

That he, deponent, was well acquainted with the business 
affairs of his father, said Ephraim Green : and that a certain 
petition in bankruptcy in the District Court of the United 
States for the Southern District of Connecticut, by or against 
one Ephraim Green, was not against his father, who was a man 
of large means, and there were no judgments against him. 

Deponent further says that his brother, said Benjamin R. 
Green, departed this life at Wallingford, Connecticut, at the 
age of thirty-seven, unmarried and without issue, he never 
having been married, and leaving him surviving his mother, said 
Cornelia S. Green, and this deponent, his brother, his only heirs 
at law r , and sole devisees under his last will and testament. 

That said Benjamin R. Green was a native born citizen of 
the United States, and died December 14, 1887, and his said 
will was proven in the Probate Court of the County of New 
Haven, December 22, 1887, Liber , page . Letters tes- 
tamentary issued January 10, 1888. 

Deponent further states that he was intimately acquainted 
with the business affairs of his said brother, who was prior to 
January 1, 1874, and from that time up to the time of his death as 



l6o LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

aforesaid, a person of wealth, and that the judgments docketed 
in the office of the Clerk of the City and County of New Haven, 
against one Benjamin R. Green, July 22, 1885, and the order 
appointing Burton Walker, receiver of the property of one 
Benjamin R. Green, recorded and on file March 16, 1875, m sa id 
Clerk's office, are not against the deponent's said brother, nor 
was the General Assignment made by one Benjamin R. Green 
to Samuel A. Bailey, recorded June 28, 1874, in said Clerks 
office, executed or made by the brother of the deponent. 

Deponent further says, that he has made inquiry as to the 
Benjamin R. Green who made said General Assignment, and 
against whom said judgment and order appointing a receiver 
is filed, and has been informed that he was a physician, and re- 
sided at various places in said City of New Haven, one of 
which was at No. 304 West Chapel Street, in said City. 

Deponent further says, that his brother was never engaged 
iu any business or occupation, other than the care and manage- 
ment of his estate, and that there were and are no judgments 
against him in any of the Courts of this State, or of the United 
States. 

Affirmed before me this seventh day of October, 1891. 

* * * * 

No. 14. — 535 words. 

Acknowledgment of a Deed. 

RlVERHEAD, I 

Suffolk Co. \ ' '' 
Before me, the subscriber, one of the Justices of the Peace 
within and for the said county, personally appeared the above 
named Charles Robinson, who in due form of law acknowledged 
that he did sign and sealed the above indenture as his free act 
and deed. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal 
this twentieth day of Nov., a.d. 1892. 

Warren Cox, 

Justice of the Peace, 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. l6l 



Affidavit. 

SUPREME COURT, CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW 
YORK. 



Wallace W. Williams, Francis 
Williams, and Ernest Will- 
iams, 

Plaintiffs, 

against 

Johnston Edwards, Henry G. 
Bronson, and Robert Ketcham, 



Defendants. 



City and County of New York, ss. : 

- Arthur B. Jackson, being duly sworn, »iat he is a 

clerk in the office of Timmins & Howard, the attorneys for the 
plaintiffs in this action. That deponent received the summons 
in this action for the purpose of serving the same on the de- 
fendants, or some of them, on the 6th day of September, 1892, 
and that in endeavoring to discover the said defendants he 
called at the office of Warren, Adams & Bennett, merchants, 
of No. 82 Greenwich Street, in the city of New York, and saw- 
one Edward F. Atkinson, a member of the said firm, who in- 
formed deponent upon his inquiring for the defendants that his 
said firm of Warren, Adams & Bennett were the agents of the 
defendants for the sale of drugs in the city of New York, and 
that he was acquainted with the said defendants, but that they 
had no place of business in New York and that none of them 
resided in the city of New York, and that they very seldom 
came here, and that it was impossible to say when they might 
come to this city, but that they resided in Pittsburgh and manu- 
factured at No. 16 Walnut Street in the said city. 



l62 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

Deponent further says that he then proceeded to the office of 
Whitehead & Company, merchants, of No. 172 Pearl Street, in 
the city of New York, and saw one T. R. Rodman, an employee 
of said firm, and said Rodman informed him that his firm were 
the agents of the defendants for the sale of rubber goods ; that 
he was acquainted with the said defendants and their firm, and 
that they had no place of business in New York and did not 
live in this city, and seldom came here, and that it was impos- 
sible to say when they could be found here ; and that their 
office address was No. 51 North Front Street, in the city of 
Pittsburgh. 

Wherefore, deponent avers that he has been unable, and 
will be unable, after due and diligent effort, to serve the sum- 
mons and complaint in this action upon the defendants or any 
of them within the State of New York. 

Sworn to and subscribed this 
10th day of September, 1892, before me, 

No. 15. — 404 words. 

Chattel Mortgage. 

TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, Know 

ye, that, Robert Robert son, of the City, County, and State of 
New York, party of the first part, for securing the payment of 
the money hereinafter mentioned, in consideration of the sum 
of one dollar to him in hand duly paid by William William- 
son, of the same place, party of the second part, at or before 
the ensealing and delivery of these presents, the receipt 
whereof is hereby acknowledged, has bargained, sold, and by 
these presents does grant, bargain, and sell unto the said party 
of the second part a certain surrey wagon now belonging to the 
party of the first part and in his stable in said city of New 
York {the property to be particularly described so as to be ca- 
pable of identification), to have and TO HOLD the said 
property above bargained and sold or intended so to be unto 
the said party of the second part, his executors, administrators, 
or assigns, forever. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 163 

Upon condition that if the said party of the first part 
shall and do well and truly pay or cause to be paid unto the 
said party of the second part, his executors, administrators, or 
assigns, a certain promissory note of the party of the first part, 
bearing date the 30th day of August, 1892, for Two Hundred 
and Fifty Dollars, payable three months from said date, which 
said note is held and owned by the party of the second part, 
then these presents shall be void. 

And the said party of the first part, for himself, his executors, 
administrators, and assigns, does covenant and agree, to and 
with the said party of the second part, his executors, adminis- 
trators, and assigns, that in case default shall be made in the 
payment of the said promissory note above mentioned, then it 
shall and may be lawful for, and the said party of the first part 
does hereby authorize and empower the said party of the 
second part, his executors, administrators, and assigns, with the 
aid and assistance of any person or persons, to enter any stable, 
store, and other premises, and such place as the said chattel is 
or may be placed, and take and carry away the same, and to sell 
and dispose of the same for the best price he or they can obtain, 
and out of the moneys arising therefrom to retain and pay the 
said note above mentioned, and all charges touching the same, 
rendering the overplus, if any, unto the. said party of the first 
part, or to his executors, administrators, or assigns. 

And until default be made in the payment of the said prom- 
issory note the party of the first part shall remain and continue 
in the quiet and peaceable possession of the said goods and 
chattel, and the full and free enjoyment of the same. 

In witnfss whereof, the party of the first part has here- 
unto set his hand and seal this 30th day of August, 1892. 

Signed and delivered Robert Robertson. [Seal.] 

in the presence of 

Henry Montague. 

(Have acknowledgment added by Notary Public, Justice of the 
Peace, or other officer authorized to take acknowledgments.) 
No. 16. — 533 words. 



1 64 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 



Form of Will. 

In the name of God, amen. 

I, James Jones, of the County of New York, State of 
New York, being of sound and disposing mind and memory. 
and considering the uncertainty of this life, do make, publish, 
and declare this to be my last will and testament as follows : 

First : After my lawful debts are paid, I give, devise, and be- 
queath to my beloved wife, Jane Jones, in lieu of her dower, if 
she should so elect, the house in which we now reside, situated 
in the county aforesaid, and by me now owned, during her natural 
life. Also, all the household furniture and other items, not 
particularly named and otherwise disposed of, in this my will, 
during her said life; she, however, first disposing of a suf- 
ficiency thereof to pay my just debts as aforesaid. And, that 
at the death of my said wife, all the property hereby devised 
or bequeathed to her, as aforesaid, or so much thereof as may 
then remain unexpended, I give unto my two sons, John and 
Thomas Jones, and to my daughter, Ellen Jones, and to their 
heirs and assigns forever. 

Second : I give and devise to my eldest son, John Jones, the 
farm on which he now resides, situated, {etc.), and containing one 
hundred and fifty acres, or thereabouts, and to his heirs and 
assigns forever. 

Third: I give and devise to my second son, Thomas Jones, 
the farm now in the occupancy of Arthur See, situated, {etc.), and 
containing one hundred and sixty acres, to him, the said 
Thomas Jones, his heirs and assigns, in fee simple. 

Fourth : I give and devise to my daughter, Ellen Jones, the 
house and lot in the borough of Easton, in the county and 
State of Pennsylvania, now in the occupancy of Tristram Nixon, 
known and designated in the plan of said borough by No. 148, 
to her, her heirs and assigns forever. 

And last : I hereby constitute and appoint my said wife, Jane 
Jones, and my said son, John Jones, to be executrix and execu- 
tor of this my last Will and Testament, revoking and annul- 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 16$ 

ling all former Wills by me made, and ratifying and confirming 
this, and no other, to be my last Will and Testament. 

James Jones. [Seal.] 

Signed, declared, and published by the above-named James 
Jones, as and for his last Will and Testament, in presence of us, 
who, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of 
each other, have signed as witnesses to the same this fifteenth 
day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 
hundred and eighty-eight. 

Francis Brown. 

No. 1 7.-443 words. Robert Swift. 

Form of Will. 

Know all men by these presents, That I, Thomas Bur- 
ton, in the county of Orange, and State of New York, being in 
good health, and oi sound and disposing mind and memory, do 
make and publish this my last will and testament, hereby re- 
voking all former wills by me at any time heretofore made. 

First : I hereby constitute and appoint my wife, Emma S. 
Burton, to be sole executrix of this my last will, directing my 
said executrix to pay all my just debts and funeral expenses, 
and the legacies hereinafter given, out of my estate. 

Second : After the payment of my said debts and funeral ex- 
penses, I give to each of my children, Alice H. and Ella S. 
Burton, the sum of ten thousand dollars ($10,000), to be paid to 
each of them as soon after my decease, but within one year, as 
conveniently may be done. 

. Third : And for the payment of the legacies aforesaid I give 
and devise to my said executrix all the personal estate owned 
by me at my decease, and so much of my real estate as when 
sold by leave of the Surrogate's Court, will be sufficient, in ad- 
dition to the personal estate herein given, to pay the said 
legacies. 

Fourth : I give to my said executrix all my household furni- 
ture and wearing apparel for her sole use. 

Fifth : I devise to my wife, Emma S. Burton, all the rest and 
residue of my real estate, so long as she shall remain unmarried 



1 66 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

and my widow, with remainder thereof, on her decease or mar- 
riage, to my said children and their heirs, respectively, share 
and share alike. 

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand and seal this 
first day of August, a.d. one thousand eight hundred and ninety- 
one. 

Thomas Burton. [Seal.] 
F. T. Thomas, 

Yonkers, N. Y. [ Witnesses# 
John Holmes, 

Peekskill, N. Y. 
No. 18. — 312 words. 

Bill of Exchange. 

A Bill of Exchange is a written order by one person, called a 
drawer, on another, called the drawee, for the payment of a sum 
of money to a third person, called the payee. When the bill is 
drawn and is payable within the same country, it is called an 
Inland Bill of Exchange, and when it is drawn in one country 
and payable in another, it is a Foreign Bill of Exchange. The 
payee may transfer all his rights in the bill by endorsement, and 
deliver it to a third party. If such endorsement is made be- 
fore the bill is due, the purchaser to whom the bill is trans- 
ferred becomes a purchaser thereof in good faith, and if he 
paid some consideration for the bill, all defences which might 
be set up to the bill if it had remained in the hands of 
the original payee are cut off, and are not available against 
such purchaser in good faith. A person who becomes the owner 
of a Bill of Exchange by the endorsement and delivering it to 
him is called an endorsee, and the person making the endorse- 
ment is called the endorser. The payee becomes the endorser by 
writing his name across the back of the bill, and delivering it to 
such endorsee. The endorsement may be made in blank, as 
where the payee writes nothing but his name on the back of 
the paper, or may be made to some particular person, as where 
the payee writes over the signature on the back, " Pay to the 
order of John Smith," or something equivalent to it. In case 
of a blank endorsement, the bill may pass from hand to hand, 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 1 67 

without further endorsement ; or, in other words, is the same as 
if endorsed payable to bearer. When it is endorsed payable to 
some particular person it can only pass by his endorsement, 
and he may in turn either endorse in blank or to the order of 
some particular person, and so on. Within a reasonable time 
after the bill is drawn, the person to whom it is made payable 
should present it to the person on whom it is drawn for accept- 
ance. The acceptance of the drawee is usually indicated by his 
writing across the face of the bill the word " Accepted," and 
signing his name. It is not absolutely necessary, however, that 
this acceptance should be in writing ; any acts on the part of 
the drawee that would indicate the intention on his part to ac- 
cept the bill will be construed as an acceptance. A promise to 
the payee to accept, or holding the bill in his hands for a long 
time, may be taken by the payee as an acceptance. Should 
the drawee, however, upon presentation for acceptance, refuse 
to accept the bill, he should be sued for non-acceptance. There 
is no necessity that the drawee should have some consideration 
for the acceptance of the bill ; it will bind him even though he 
accepted without some consideration. He is then called an 
accommodation acceptor. A third person, after protesting the 
bill for non-acceptance, may pay the bill for honor of the 
drawer, and he will have a claim against the drawer for the 
amount thus paid. If the bill is not accepted, and is protested 
for non-acceptance, the holder may at once sue the drawer and 
the endorsers on the bill, and need not wait until the bill is 
due. Should the bill be accepted, and then at maturity when 
presented for payment be unpaid, it should be protested for 
non-payment. A demand for the payment should be made on 
the drawer as soon as practicable after the non-payment. The 
drawer of a Bill of Exchange agrees with the payee when the 
bill is due that he has sufficient funds in the hands of the 
drawee at the time to pay the bill, and should the drawee re- 
fuse to accept the bill, no notice of this fact need be given to 
the drawer, and no notice of protest is necessary. Many rules 
of law applicable to promissory notes apply equally to Bills ol 
Exchange. 
No. 1 9.-682 words. 



1 68 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 



Form of Deed. 

This Indenture, made this ioth day of October, 1890, by 
and between John Carter, of the City of Janesville, County of 
Rock, and State of Wisconsin, of the first part, and John Will- 
iams, of the same place, of the second part, 

WITNESSETH, that for and in consideration of the sum of six 
hundred dollars ($600) in hand paid by the party of the second 
part to the party of the first part, at or before the ensealing and 
delivery of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowl- 
edged, the said party of the first part has bargained and sold, 
and by these presents does grant, bargain, sell, remise, release, 
and convey unto the said party of the second part, his heirs and 
assigns forever, all that certain plot, piece, or parcel of land 
situated, lying, and being in the City of Janesville and County 
of Rock, and bounded as follows : " Commencing at the south- 
west corner of lot forty-one (41) in Dickson and Bailey's addi- 
tion to Janesville, thence in a northeasterly direction to a point 
in the north line of Fraction seven (7), Section thirty-six (36), 
Town three (3), Range twelve (12), intersected by a continua- 
tion of the northerly line of lot forty (40), in said addition, 
thence southwesterly to the northeast corner of said lot forty 
(40), thence along the easterly line of said lots forty (40) and 
forty-one (41) to the beginning, excepting a strip of land four rods 
wide, adjoining the easterly end of said lot, for a street, being 
part of what is known as " Bluff Street," together with all and 
singular the tenancies, appurtenances, and hereditaments thereto 
belonging, or in anywise appertaining, to have and to hold the 
same to the said party of the second part, his heirs and assigns 
forever. 

In witness whereof the said party of the first part has here- 
unto set his hand and seal the day and year first above written. 

John Carter. [Sea/.] 
Signed, sealed and delivered 
in presence of 

Heman A. Burnside. 
No. 20. — 335 words. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 169 

Statement of Claim. 

State of New York, 



County of Putnam, ' 

Francis Smith, being duly sworn, says : 

I am one of the parties named in the proceeding of Thomas 
F. Gilroy, Commissioner to acquire the title to Lake Gilead. I 
am 74 years old, and was born October 14, 181 8, on the prem- 
ises now owned by one Case on the shore of Lake Gilead. I have 
lived there about 19 years, and then moved to another house 
within two miles of Lake Gilead and lived there 29 years ; 
in 1867 I moved to the farm on which I now reside, and have 
lived there ever since. My father, Anson Smith, owned the Case 
place, and my brother, Walter J. Smith, afterwards owned it and 
died there in 1890, and it was sold by his estate to Mr. Case. 
At the time my father's will was made he resided on the Roscoe 
Hill farm, and it was that farm which he devised to my sister 
Eliza and to me. The Lake Gilead farm I now live on was de- 
vised to me by the general residuary clause of his will ; my 
sister Eliza has no interest in it whatever ; I am sole owner. I 
produce the deed to my father of this farm. 

Ever since I can remember I have been familiar with Lake 
Gilead. At the Case place and where I now live we have always 
used the waters of Lake Gilead as we pleased. Have watered 
our cattle and allowed them to stand in the lake, fished in it 
and kept boats, taken ice if we wished, and used it in any way. 
No one has made any objection to my using the water, nor has 
any one ever made any claim of ownership to it, so far as I am 
concerned ; my farm fronts on the lake, and the stream running 
from the outlet to the mill runs through my land. This stream 
crosses my lane, which T have to use to go to my land fronting 
the lake. There is a single log bridge to cross it ; when the 
city draws water it raises the brook and compels me to get up 
on the stone wall between the lane and the city's land and crawl 
along it for two or three rods, which is very inconvenient for 
me at my age. I have also had to fix the water-fences from 
time to time. There is a big iron pipe 40 or 50 rods which the 



I/O LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

city put in and it makes it difficult to get over and for cattle 
to get over, and I have to do with less water when the lake 
is drawn down and have had more or less trouble ever since 
the city has owned the mill. I have four lots facing on the 
lake besides a piece of woodland. These lots are fenced on 
three sides by stone walls. There are no fences on the lake 
front. 

I remember when the city or Mr. Tweed bought the mill. 
The city sent men on my land and excavated the bed of the 
stream so that a deep ditch was made where the stream origi- 
nally was. A flume was excavated and masonry piers or sides 
with a plank gate were put in. 

In that year the water was drawn very low, lower than I ever 
saw it before, and my pasture lot was torn up and damaged by 
this work. Before the ditch was dug out the brook ran near 
the surface and was easily crossed by people and cattle ; ever 
since it has been hard to get over it from one side to the other, 
and difficult for cattle to get down to for the purpose of drink- 
ing or standing. It is beneficial to have water for cows to 
stand in in warm weather. The city's employees also dumped 
dirt and stones onto the land and left it in piles, and left the 
shores of the lake strewn with rock which they either exca- 
vated or brought there for building purposes. As the lake 
stood before its purchase by the city the fences between the 
lots were sufficient to keep cattle from going from one lot to 
the other without swimming around. After the city drew down 
the water they extended the fences or walls out further into the 
lake. I consider that the damage done by the city at the time 
to my farm and the decrease in value by reason of the way the 
work was done and the shape it was left in, to be at least $500.00. 
I remember when the mil? was built that the city owns, the 
water never was drawn so low by the miller as the city drew it. 
There was very little necessity for raising the gate, and the out- 
let was not nearly so deep as it is now, and the flume was only 
about four feet deep ; now it is about twelve feet. The city lias 
several times drawn the lake very low. My house and barn are 
watered by a spring to the south end of the lake ; this spring 
is always sufficient except when the lake is drawn down, and I 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 171 

believe that if the lake is drawn down as low as it was last 
year it will ruin the spring. That is the only spring on my 
place, and I cannot get good water anywhere else if the spring- 
fails. 

If the water is drawn down below the natural low-water mark 
my cattle will not be able to reach the water without crossing 
some one else's land, and in order to keep them in I must build 
a fence all along the lake front of my farm. This will be very 
expensive, besides depriving my cattle of water. My farm is a 
dairy farm, suitable for that particularly, and has always been used 
for that. I don't farm much or keep a dairy, but that was the 
business there — selling milk. Cut off from water the farm is of 
little value. I consider my farm is now worth $3,500.00, and 
that it will only be worth $2,000.00 after the city acquires the 
rights which it seeks, and that I will be damaged $1,500.00 by 
the action of the city in addition to the damage done when 
the mill was bought. 

No. 21. — 1,078 words. 

Form of a Negotiable Draft. 

$2,500. New York, July 15, 1865. 

Three days after sight, pay to the order of John Davis two 
thousand five hundred dollars, value received, and charge the 
same to account of 

Samuel Jones. 

James P. Carroll & Co., Chicago, 111. 



Negotiable Note. 

$500. Harrisburgh, Jan. 4, 18—. 

Six months after date, I promise to pay to Wm. Warson, or 
bearer, five hundred dollars, value received. 

Thomas Stinson. 



172 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

Form of a Protest. 

United States of America, } 

> ss. 
State of New York, ) 

On the 25th day of May, in the year of our Lord one 
thousand eight hundred and ninety-two, at the request of the 
Bank of New York, I, James Jones, Notary Public, duly 
commissioned and sworn, dwelling in the city of New York, 
did present the original promissory note hereunto annexed, 
to the makers, and demanded payment thereof, which was re- 
fused. Whereupon, I, the said Notary, at the request afore- 
said, did Protest, and by these presents do publicly and sol- 
emnly Protest, as well against the maker and indorser of the 
said promissory note as against all others whom it doth or may 
concern, for exchange, re-exchange, and all costs, damages, and 
interest already incurred, and which hereafter may be incurred 
for want of payment of said note. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto sub- 
[SEAL.] scribed my name and affixed my notarial seal in 

the city of New York aforesaid. 

James Jones, 
No. 22.— 166 words. Notary Public, 

Receipt for Money on Account. 

New York, May 2, 1891. 
Received from Messrs. Cook & Co. their check for four hun- 
dred and twenty-five dollars on account. 
$425. George Sommers. 

Promissory Note. 

$500. New York, Jan. 3, 1892. 

Ninety days after date, I promise to pay to Walter Jones or 
order, five hundred dollars, for value received. 

Robt. D. Vroom. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 1 73 



The Verdict. 

The Clerk : Gentlemen of the jury, have you agreed upon 
your verdict, and, if so, how do you stand ? 

The Foreman: We have agreed. We find the prisoner 

GUILTY OF MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE! 

The Court : Gentlemen of the jury, listen to your verdict 
as the court has recorded it. You say that upon indictment 
you find the prisoner at the bar, Owen Lindsay, guilty of mur- 
der in the first degree, and so say you all. 
( The jury nodded assent.) 

The Court : Gentlemen of the jury, it gives me pleasure 
to announce that you are discharged from further attend- 
ance upon this court. You have had one of the most solemn 
and painful duties to perform that can come to the experience 
of any body of men. There is no question but what you twelve 
intelligent, conscientious men — " good and true men " — have 
performed the duty which was imposed upon you by the laws 
of the State conscientiously and faithfully. You are entitled 
to the thanks of the court for your prompt attendance, for 
your patient attention to the testimony, for your apparent full 
appreciation of the evidence, and for your manful and intelli- 
gent discharge of duty. It is to be hoped that whatever may 
be the future of this case, you will see no occasion to regret 
that you have registered your honest, deep, and faithful con- 
victions in regard to the evidence that has been given to the 
case which you have had in charge. 

With these observations, no more need be said to you except 
that you are entitled to the thanks of the court, and of all who 
reverence peace, good order, and the preservation of the laws 
of the land. You are now discharged from further attendance 
upon this court 

No. 23. — 295 words. 



174 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

The Sentence. 

The Court: 

You stand convicted before this Court of Oyer and Ter- 
miner of the highest crime known to the laws of the State of 
New York, whose citizen you have been. That conviction is 
the result of a trial that has been almost unexampled in this 
country in its length, and in the zeal and industry that have been 
bestowed in your behalf. An indictment was found against you 
by the Grand Jury of this county, charging you with the high 
crime of murder in the first degree, in that on the 19th day of 
December, 1873, you feloniously, with an ax in your hands, in 
the barn of your father, Daniel Lindsay, in the town of Van 
Buren, sent to another world Francis A. Colvin. That indict- 
ment was brought in this court, and a jury carefully and cau- 
tiously impanelled. Counsel able and zealous, distinguished, 
numerous, and of great intellectual power and force, have pre- 
sented to twelve of your peers all the considerations in your 
behalf that were within their command. The evidence of the 
people was heard by the jury patiently, anxiously, painfully, 
and that evidence has been weighed and considered by twelve 
gentlemen who sat upon traverse of this issue, and the result 
has been that that evidence has produced upon the minds of 
these twelve intelligent, honest, conscientious citizens of the 
county of Onondaga, the full, settled, and complete judgment 
that you are guilty of this high offence ; that you have caused 
the death of a fellow-citizen without provocation, and without 
circumstances that mitigate in the least the violation of the 
law. 

We do not know what has been your private life, your pre- 
vious career and character. That has not been divulged to us. 
It is not important that it should have been. It is not import- 
ant that we should take that into consideration in disposing of 
your case. Your career has doubtless been paralleled by none 
in this country. You are a person of intelligence, of friends, of 
family ties, and of surroundings that are not common to all men. 
This crime was not perpetrated by reason of a sudden provoca- 
tion. It was not perpetrated in the heat of a passion, so far as 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. i;5 

any disclosure is made by this evidence. But an innocent, un- 
suspecting, unoffending individual was the victim of your pre- 
meditated, deliberate design, and the result of your action has 
been to send him unwarned to another world. It is useless to 
multiply words to one standing in your position. We have no 
occasion to inflict suffering upon your feelings further than the 
law inflicts it. We have no occasion to cause additional grief 
to your relations and friends by any words of ours. Ours is 
now rather the language of pity, the language of sympathy ; 
but there must be, for an offended law, punishment, or the law 
ceases to be a protector of the rights of citizens. 

So far as every member of this court is concerned, every in- 
dulgence that the rules of evidence and the principles of law 
known to us authorized, has been given to your case. When- 
ever there has been a reasonable doubt in the minds of the 
court, in respect to evidence that might militate against you, in 
respect to its propriety, the benefit of that doubt has been given 
to you and your case. 

There remains to us but little more to add. We are but the 
servants of the law. It is our duty to impose upon you the 
highest penalty which the statute prescribes for any offence 
committed in the State of New York. You may cherish the 
hope that this sentence may be escaped, that the conviction 
may be reversed, but it is not inappropriate that you should be 
warned that hope may be delusive. You doubtless have hoped 
during these months of your incarceration, and during these 
days of your trial, that the result might be otherwise. You 
have met with disappointment. You ought now to prepare 
to meet with further disappointment ; for the sentence that 
is about to be pronounced is likely to be executed in your 
case. An opportunity will be given for review, and if any 
error has been committed by the Court in your case, none 
will be more gratified than each member of this Court that 
that error should be corrected by a reversal of the convic- 
tion. But we caution you against depending upon that hope. 
You should look to another source for immunity from the 
great crime that you have committed. It has been the law 
of all civilized nations for years and centuries that " whosoever 



176 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed." There 
is wisdom in this. There is safety in it. There seem to be no 
other means provided or known of men to guard fully and 
thoroughly the interests of the public. 

The sentence of this Court in your case upon this indictment 
is, that you be taken hence to the jail of this county, and there 
closely confined until the 26th day of March, 1875, and that 
there, within its walls or the enclosure surrounding, you be, by 
the Sheriff of the county of Onondaga, hanged by the neck until 
you are dead, dead, dead, between the hours of ten in the 
forenoon and three in the afternoon, and may the Father of us 
all have mercy on your soul. 

No. 24.-897 words. 



Testimony in Bank Investigation. 

Extract from the testimony of ex-President Potter, of the Mav- 
erick National Bank of Boston, before the Senate Committee. 

Q. How many clerks of the bank do you think have at 
times signed or indorsed notes for you ? 

A. I should think, running through this Kst that I have be- 
fore me, perhaps five. 

Mr. Potter admitted that he had asked one clerk in the 
bank himself to sign a note. No clerk was coerced to sign the 
notes. He said these notes were discounted without reference 
to the maker, because there was collateral with them, and he 
indorsed them. 

Senator Chandler. We understand that, and you under- 
stand the committee are directing their investigation towards 
the responsibility of the makers, and whether the bank direct- 
ors had any reference to that. 

Mr. Potter. I don't think they do so any more than a 
savings bank. The law requires three names, and one good 
name is got and the others don't count. 

Q. Is that the general method in Boston ? 

A. I think so. 

Senator Chandler. I am glad to hear that the financial 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. t/; 

methods in Boston are to get one good name and two worth- 
less names on the note. 

Mr. Potter. Two men of straw ; yes, sir, and there is 
always collateral with it, which makes the note good. 

Q. The Clearing House Committee approve that sort of 
banking? 

A. I don't know what the Clearing House Committee ap- 
prove, sir. 

Q. You understand it is legitimate under the National 
Banking laws ? 

A. I understand it is the general usage. 

Q. This note is $39,000, and there are a great many other 
notes that are $39,000, sometimes $39,000 odd and sometimes 
$40,000. Why were so many of these notes which clerks and 
others signed for you made below the sum of $40,000 ? 

A. Because, sir, under the Banking Act, a bank is only per- 
mitted to loan on one name 10 per cent, of its capital. Our 
capital was $400,000, and to keep within the law we ought not 
to take notes exceeding $40,000, and the common custom is to 
cut notes up, so that they shall not exceed 10 per cent, of the 
bank, whatever it may be. 

Q. The object was not to make a loan over $40,000 ? 

A. That was the purpose, sir. 

Q. And the object was, where a large loan was made to one 
individual like this, for instance, to have several makers of the 
notes, each note for less than $40,000, so as to comply with the 
law ? 

A. So as to comply with the law. 

Q. Did you consider that a compliance with the law, if you 
wanted to borrow $80,000 of a bank which could lawfully loan 
only $40,000, instead of making an $80,000 note to make two 
$40,000 notes ? 

A. That was the general custom, sir. 

Q. In all the banks ? 

A. I think so ; yes, sir. Take the Chemical National Bank 
of New York. Their capital is $300,000. They have got a de- 
posit of 20 odd millions. They have got a loan of 20 odd 
millions. If their loans were restricted to $30,000, it goes with- 



178 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

out saying they could not do business. It is a general acknowl- 
edgment among the officials. The Comptroller understands 
if, just the same as I am stating it now. You will find it all the 
way round. And I think the Comptrollers, in all the reports 
they have made to Congress for the last several years, have al- 
most invariably asked for a change of the law, authorizing banks 
to loan 10 per cent, on the capital, and also on the surplus. 

Q, Do you consider this system was a lawful one ? 

A. Well, sir, I think it is a good deal like the ordinance of 
the city of Boston that you shall not smoke in the streets. 
There is universal disobedience. 

Q. And quite as harmless ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Senator Chandler then read the section of the National 
Banking Act referriug to these matters, and then continued his 
questions. 

Q. Did you consider when you made these loans that you 
made a forfeiture of the charter of your bank ? 

A. Well, sir, I knew the law. 

Q. And yet you believed it was right to do that thing ? 

A. I think every bank in the country does it. 

Q. I am not after the other banks. Their sense of honor 
and morality may not be so acute as yours. I am after yours. 
And I want to know whether you considered that lawful ? 

A. It would have been absolutely impossible for us to do 
business and not make such loans. 

" Perhaps," said Mr. Chandler, " it would have been better 
if you had not done so much business." 

No. 25.-846 words. 

A Joint Note. 

$500. Newtown, Feb. 5, 18 — . 

Four months after date we severally and jointly promise to 
pay Theodore Wilkes & Co., or order, five hundred dollars, for 
value received. 

Jos. Dunning. 

F. W. Watson. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 1 79 

Checks. 

THEIR PRESENTATION, ENDORSEMENT, ETC. 

i. When an unknown person presents for payment a check 
to the teller of a bank, such stranger must be identified by some 
one known to one of the officers of the bank. 

2. But if the check is endorsed by the payee, and below such 
endorsement is also written by the drawer of the check — 

" Endorsement correct, 

"James Paywell," 
{Signature of maker of the check), 
it will be paid. 

3. A check drawn " To Bearer " is payable without endorse- 
ment. One drawn " To Order of " requires endorsement. 

4. In most cases it is better to make a check " To Order," as 
the endorsement makes it valid as a receipt. When for a mod- 
erate amount, and where a receipt is already taken, it is cus- 
tomary to make it " To Bearer," to save the receiver trouble in 
having it cashed. Drawing " To Order " is also some safeguard 
in case of loss, as it would require a forgery for the finder to get 
payment on it. 

5. Endorse a check by writing across the back. Any direc- 
tion or place on the back is legal — but across is the most con- 
venient for all persons handling checks. Lay the check face 
down, with the left-hand end of the face as the top of the 
paper; then write a little above the middle to allow of 
another endorsement if paying it away; if you deposit it in 
a bank, or have it cashed there, the middle will do. 

6. When you deposit checks it is best to stamp or write above 
your endorsement, " For deposit." Clerks are often authorized 
to endorse for this purpose only. 

7. It is safer when paying away checks received from others, 
to endorse them to " The Order " of the receiver thus : 

" Pay to the order of 
G. Farwell, 
James Paywell." {Szg.) 

This is a partial safeguard against loss, if the check should be 
stolen or be lost in any way. 



ISO LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

8. Always endorse the name given in the check : if it varies 
slightly from your correct name put your correct name under 
the first endorsement. If it differs very much return the check, 
without any endorsement, to the maker of it, and ask him to 
send you another with the correct name. Thus, a check to 
" G. Payne," may be endorsed G. Payne, and followed by George 
Payne, if such be the name. But if drawn to Gilbert Payne, 
when it should be George Payne, it should be exchanged for a 
correct one. 

9. If you are a wife, and receive checks on your own account, 
do not have them drawn to the order ot " Mrs. James Smith," 
but to that of Mrs. Mary Smith, or whatever your name as an 
individual woman may be. 

No. 26. — 450 words. 

Notes, Drafts, etc. 

Demand Notes are payable on presentation, without grace, 
and bear legal interest after a demand has been made, if not so 
written. An endorser on a demand note is holden only for a 
limited time, variable in different States. 

A Negotiable Note must be made payable eitner to bearer, or 
be properly endorsed by the person to whose order it is made. 
If the endorser wishes to avoid responsibility, he can endorse 
"without recourse." 

A Joint Note is one signed by two or more persons, who can 
each become liable for the whole amount. 

Three days' grace are allowed on all time notes, after the 
time for payment expires; if not then paid, the endorser, if any, 
should be legally notified to be holden. 

Notes falling due on Sunday, or on a legal holiday, must be 
paid the day previous. 

Altering a note in any manner, by the holder, makes it void. 

The maker of a note that is lost or stolen is not released 
from payment if the amount and consideration can be proven. 

An endorser has a right of action against all whose names 
were previously on a note endorsed by him. 

A Bill of Exchange or Draft is an order drawn by one person 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. l8l 

or firm upon another, payable either at sight or at a stated 
future time. 

It becomes an " Acceptance " when the party upon whom it 
is drawn writes across the face " accepted," and signs his name 
thereto ; and is negotiable and bankable the same as a note, and 
is subject to the same laws. 

In many States both Sight and Time Drafts are entitled to 
three days' grace, the same as notes ; but if made in form of a 
bank check, "pay to," without the words "at sight," it is pay- 
able on presentation, without grace. 

No. 26a. — 300 words. 



Record of Testimony on a Trial. 

Edgar T. Woods, a witness called on behalf of the de- 
fendant, being duly sworn, testified as follows : 

Q. Where do you reside ? 

A. No. 784 Howard Street, New York City. 

Q. What is your business ? 

A\ Real estate broker. 

Q. Do you know the plaintiff, and also the defendant in this 
action ? 

A. I do. I know the plaintiff but a short time, but I have 
known the defendant for a number of years. 

Q. Did you ever conduct any business transaction between 
the plaintiff and the defendant ? 

A. I did. The plaintiff called on me in the early part of the 
year 1889, and stated to me that he desired to sell the premises 
then owned by him and known as No. 1581 Third Avenue, in 
the city of New York. I -asked him his selling price, and he 
answered, " I ask $25,000, but will take, at the very lowest, 
$23,000. 

<2. What did you do after receiving this information from the 
plaintiff ? 

A. I asked the plaintiff if he desired me, in my character as 
real estate broker, to endeavor to find for him a purchaser 
for the premises and to negotiate a sale, and he stated that he 



1 82 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

did, I then made a memorandum of the matter in my book, 
and did what I could to find a purchaser. 
Q. Did you finally negotiate a sale of the premises ? 

Objected to by Counsel for the plaintiff. 

The Court : Please state the nature of your 
objection. 

Plaintiff's Counsel: I object to the question on 
the ground that it is incompetent, in law, to call forth 
from the witness, in this manner, a conclusion as to 
the effect of his acts. There can be no reasonable ob- 
jection to the witness being allowed to state what he 
did in the matter, pursuant to instructions from the 
plaintiff, but it is clearly incompetent on the part of a 
witness to characterize the result of his acts as the ne- 
gotiation of a sale. 

The Court : The objection is sustained. 

Defendant's Counsel: I desire to enter an ex- 
ception to the ruling of the Court. 

Exception to defendant's Counsel. 

Q. Did you call on the defendant after that interview with 
the plaintiff? 
A. I did. 
No. 27. — 363 words. 

Subscription to Syndicate. 

The undersigned hereby subscribe the amount set opposite 
their respective names to a Syndicate Fund of not less than 
eight million dollars, to be used, or so much thereof as may be 
necessary, to aid in accomplishing the re-organization of the 
Goshen and Great Western Railroad Company and its affiliated 
companies under the plan of re-organization, hereto annexed 
and marked Exhibit A, or under such modification thereof, or 
such substituted plan as may hereafter be agreed upon by and 
between the managers of the Syndicate hereinafter mentioned, 
and the trustees of re-organization to be named in said plan and 
which may be approved by said Goshen and Great Western 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 183 

Railroad Company and also by a majority of the subscribers 
hereto in number and amount. 

The subscriptions hereto shall not be binding upon any of 
the subscribers until subscriptions to the extent of eight million 
dollars shall have been obtained hereto, and ratified at a meet- 
ing of the subscribers, to be held upon at least three days' 
written notice to each of the subscribers hereto, and to be held 
at such time and place as the said notice shall designate. 

At such meeting three managers of the Syndicate shall be 
elected by a majority in number and amount of the ratifying 
subscribers to act as managers of the Syndicate, who shall be 
vested with such powers as shall at such meeting be delegated 
by a majority in number and amount of the ratifying sub- 
scribers. Such powers shall include the formulation of a con- 
tract between the re-organization Trustees, the Goshen and 
Great Western Railroad Company and the Syndicate, which 
contract shall not be valid, however, until the same shall have 
been approved by a majority in number and amount of the 
ratifying subscribers, nor shall any substantial change in the plan 
of re-organization, as hereto annexed, or any substitution there- 
for, or in the said contract, be made, except by the like consent. 

The contract between the Syndicate, the Company, and the 
Trustees shall provide, among other things, for the commission 
to be allowed to the Syndicate on its subscribed capital, which 
commission shall in no event be less than five per cent, upon 
each subscription, whether the same be actually called in or 
not, and for such additional commission or compensation upon 
any part or portion of the issue of new consolidated mortgage 
bonds provided for in the annexed plan of re-organization as 
may be taken by the Syndicate. 

No subscriber, even if his subscription is ratified, shall be 
liable in any manner for or on account of the performance or 
non-performance of the engagements of any other subscriber, 
nor shall any subscriber, even if his subscription be ratified, be 
held liable on his own subscription beyond the amount thereof. 

This subscription paper may be executed in multiple, each 
copy of which is to be considered as an original. 

No. 28.-486 words. 



1 84 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 



Report of Testimony. 

William F. Morris, a witness called in behalf of the people, 
testified as follows : 

Examined by Mr. Ruger. 

Q. Where do you reside ? 

A. At Baldwinsville. 

Q. What is your occupation ? 

A. I am cashier of a bank at that place. 

Q. Of what bank ? 

A. First National Bank. 

Q. First National Bank at Baldwinsville ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. Did you, during the latter part of the month of December, 
1873, have any notes in that bank against Owen Linsday? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. Was there anything paid on those notes after December 
19, 1873 ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. How much ? 

A. $300. 

Q. Upon what day was it paid ? 

A, December 27, 1873. 

Q. How much was that note ? 

Mr. Hiscock : Is that material? 

Mr. Ruger : Do you object to it ? 

Mr. Hiscock : Yes, sir. 

Mr. Ruger : The Court will rule on it. 

The Court : The note don't seem to be important ; the 
amount which was paid is all that is material. 

Cross-examination by Mr. HiSCOCK. 

Q. Who paid it ? 

A. I can't swear positively who paid it. 

Q. What do you mean by that — have you any recollection 
on that subject ? 

A. May I state what my recollection is ? 

The Court : Yes, sir. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 1 85 

By Mr. Hiscock: I will ask you first whether you have any 
recollection on that subject ? 

A. I would like to state the circumstances about the note 
itself. 

The Court : You have a right to state your recollections. 

The Witness : There was money paid on the note at several 
times. 

By Mr. Hiscock : Have you any recollection upon the sub- 
ject of who paid this money ? 

A. Not at any particular time. 

Mr. Hiscock : I move to strike out this answer. 

The Court : The other side can refer to it before that mo*- 
tion is granted. 

Mr. Ruger : This is Owen Linsday's note, his obligation. 

By the Court : You have said here that there was $300 paid 
on this note the 27th of December, and refer to a memorandum 
which you have ; what is your recollection as to who paid it ? 

A. My recollection is, that either on the 27th of December, 
when the note was renewed and a part paid, or on the time 
previous before that, two months previous to that, that Owen 
Linsday paid a part or the whole of the cash, paid in renewing 
that note, but I can't say positively whether it was December 
27th or two months previous ; because there was nothing to 
call my attention to it. 

Q. In which direction does your memory carry you ? 

A. My impression is very strong that it was the last time 
the note was renewed ; previous to Linsday's arrest. 

Q. The 27th of December ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. That is your best recollection ? 

A. Yes, sir; that he paid a portion or all the money which 
was paid. 

Q. The note was given for some balances ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. Reduced to $30 ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

By Mr. Hiscock : There was an endorser on this note ? 

A. Yes, sir. 



1 86 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

Q. Who was that endorser ? 

A. The prisoner's father. 

Q. Daniel Linsday was the endorser upon that note ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. You stated the note was renewed previously to that ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. Was there a payment made then ? 

A. There was a payment made in August. 

Q. Before that ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. And the note was renewed ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. There was a payment made again at this time and the 
note was renewed for the balance? 

A. There was a payment made August 23d and December 
27th. 

Q. December 27th another payment made ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. And the note again renewed ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. Did his father make either of these payments ? 

A. His father made all the payments except on one 
occasion. 

Q. Do you know which occasion that was ? 

A. I can't say positively. 

Q. Have you any recollection about it which one it was his 
father failed to pay ? 

A. No, sir. 

Q. Don't you know which it was ? 

A. No, sir. 

Q„ But you do know his father made all the payments with 
the exception of one ? 

A. That is the best of my recollection ; yes, sir. 

Mr. HiSCOCK : Now, then, I move to strike out his answer. 

By Mr. Ruger : Now, Mr. Morris, do you recollect who 
made the last payment on that note ; whether they were made 
by the old gentleman or son, when it was finally paid up ? 

Mr. Hiscock : I submit he has been interrogated enough. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 1 87 

The Court : That might be so under ordinary circum- 
stances. 

Mr. HiSCOCK : Very well ; I will withdraw my objections. 

By Mr. Ruger : Who made the last payment subsequent to 
December 27th — Owen Linsday or his father? 

A. I have no recollection, sir. 

Q. Do you say Daniel Linsday made all the payments ex- 
cept one ? 

A. Except upon one occasion ; that is the best of my recol- 
lection. 

Q. And your best recollection is that the one of December 
27th is the one that Owen Linsday made ? 

Mr. Hiscock : I submit he has answered enough upon that 
point. 

By the Court : State again if you say your recollection is he 
paid himself ? 

A. My best recollection is that the claim Owen Linsday 
paid was December 27th, or two months previously ; the note 
was renewed each two months from that time it was given. 

By Mr. Ruger : Then, as between those two days, which is 
your strongest impression as to the payment of Owen Linsday? 

Mr. Hiscock : I object to that.. 

Mr. Ruger : He answered that once, sir. 

The Court : The question is well enough if you leave out 
the word "impression." 

Mr. Ruger : Best recollection. 

The Court : That will do. (The Court here directed the 
stenographer to read the evidence of this witness on that sub- 
ject.) 

By the Court : Do you want to change that answer ? 

A. No, sir. 

By Mr. Hiscock : Your best impression, he made a payment 
on the 27th of December? 

A. The last time it was renewed. 

Q. When was it renewed the last time ? 

A. May 5th the last time. 

Q. That is the last time it was renewed ? 

A. Yes, sir. 



1 88 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

Q. That is when you think he made the payment ? 

A. I am not positive, but I think it was the last time the 
note was renewed previous to his arrest. 

Q. That Owen Linsday made the payment ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. And the last time it was renewed, was on May 5th ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

By Mr. Ruger : Whether you didn't state before on the 
examination made by the Court that your best recollection 
was that Owen Linsday made the payment on the 27th of De- 
cember, just as the stenographer read it ? 

Mr. Hiscock : The stenographer did not read it so. (Sten- 
ographer again reads question referred to.) 

By the Court : Do you desire to change your evidence ? 

A. What I intended to say was, that it was the last time the 
note was renewed previous to Linsday 's arrest, or the time pre- 
vious to that, I can't say which. 

Q. Either in December, 1873, or May, 1874 ? 

A. The note was renewed once or twice before, but there 
was no payment made between December 27th, 1873, an d May 
5th, 1874. 

Q. Now you state your recollection is that it was paid either 
at the renewal in December, 1873, or m May, 1874 ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. That is your present recollection ? 

A. Yes, sir. 

By Mr. Ruger : Didn't you state in your previous examina- 
tion that the only doubt you had was in the payment made in 
August, 1873, and the one which was made in December, 1873 ? 

Mr. Hiscock : That I object to. 

The Court : It seems to me we have got all the strength of 
this witness' memory. 

By Mr. Hunt : You speak of a note being renewed and pay- 
ments being made. You mean of the note being renewed, and 
merely the discount paid ? 

A. Sometimes only that was done, and sometimes a pay- 
ment was made on the principal ; sometimes only the discount 
and interest. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 1 89 

Q. When you speak of payments being made at these re- 
newals, do you mean when there was a payment of the dis- 
count and interest ? 

A. I don't speak of it only where there is a payment of the 
principal. 

Q. There was no payment after December 27th until May, 
1 874, was there ? 

A. No, sir. 

Mr. Hiscock : We move to strike out the evidence in refer- 
ence to payments having been made. 

The Court : I think the weight of the evidence in reference 
to payments belongs to the jury. The motion is therefore 
denied. 

Mr. Hiscock : Note an exception. 

No. 29. — 1,383 words. 

Prospectus of Construction Company. 

GREAT EASTERN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, 

Capital $1,000,000. 
Prospectus. 

This Company has been formed to build and equip the Mata- 
moras and Great Eastern R. R. 

The length of the line is approximately 98 miles, extending 
from Mount Morris, Kan., to Edgerton, Kan. 

The Company is to receive $1,500,000 1st Mortgage 40-year 
5% Gold Bonds; $1,000,000 2d Mortgage Income 6% Bonds, and 
$i,6oo,coo Stock, out of a total issue of $1,650,000 1st Mortgage, 
$i,oco,ooo 2d Mortgage Bonds, and $2,000,000 Stock. 

The Construction Company is also to receive all the Bonds, 
Lands, and Cash donated or subscribed in aid of the Road, be- 
ing valued at over $300,000. Also all the earnings of the Road 
during construction. 

Instalments of 20 % each will be called on the Capital Stock 
of the Construction Company as needed, of which 10 days' 
notice will be given to subscribers. 



190 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 



On payment of the second instalment, and all subsequent in- 
stalments, i st Mortgage Bonds for the face of such instalments, 
also 50 % in Income Bonds, and 50 % in Stock, will be issued 
therefor. 

On completion of the enterprise, Bonds and Stock, or the 
proceeds thereof to the amount of the first instalment, will be 
issued, and on liquidation of the Company's affairs, which will 
at once take place thereafter, the remaining profits and assets 
(which it is expected will be large) will be distributed among 
the Shareholders. This distribution of securities is based on 
the probable receipt of the same from the R.R. Co. as earned 
under the contract. 

Stockton, June 18, 1884. 

In consideration of one dollar to in hand paid by the 

Great Eastern Construction Company, the receipt of which is 
hereby acknowledged, hereby subscribe for % 

of the Capital Stock of said Company, and agree to pay for the 
same in instalments of 20 % each, as they shall be called by 
said Company. 



NAME. 




AMOUNT. 



No. 30. — 306 words. 



Inland Bill of Exchange. 

$2,750. Brooklyn, Sept. 6, 1892. 

Ten days after sight, pay to the order of Thos. P. Silkman 

twenty-seven hundred and fifty dollars for value received, and 

charge to the account of 

Eugene Hall & Co. 

To Messrs. Millet & Co., Minnesota, Wis. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 191 

Report of Testimony. 
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, 

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY. 

In Chancery. 

Francis Comstock 

vs. I Bill to Foreclose Mort- 

I S a S e ' 

James Johnson and Sophronia 

A. Johnson. 



October 12, 1890. 
Testimony taken before Ezra B. Smith, Master in Chancery 
of said Court, pursuant to an order of reference therein. 

Present : — Mr. George Mason, Solicitor for Complainant. 
Mr. James Rogers, Solicitor for Defendants. 

John H. King, a witness called on behalf of complainant, 
being first duly sworn, testified as follows : 

Direct examination by Mr. Mason. 

Q. Please state your name, age, residence, and occupation. 

A. John H. King; 44 years ; Chicago ; real estate agent. 

Q. Do you know the parties to this suit, and if so, how long 
have you known them respectively ? 

A. I have known the complainant for 10 years, and the de- 
fendant for about 4 years. 

Q. Look at the paper now shown you, and state what it is. 

A. This is a note for $10,000, dated January 1, 1885, made 
by the defendant, James Johnson, due three years 

By Mr. Rogers : I object to the witness stating the sub- 
stance of the paper ; the note is the best evidence of its con- 
tents. 

By the Master : The witness may describe the paper suffi- 
ciently to identify it; the contents can be proven by parol. 



I92 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

By Mr. Mason : That is true ; I did not ask the witness to 
give the contents of the written instrument. 

I now offer this note in evidence, as complainant's Exhibit 
" A." I also offer in evidence a mortgage from defendant to 
complainant of even date with the note, and given to secure 
the same, as complainant's Exhibit " B." 

Q. State, if you know, what amount is due to complainant 
on this note. 

By Mr. Rogers : State what you know of your own knowl- 
edge. 

By Mr. Mason : Or what have you heard defendant say 
about the amount due. 

A. There was due and unpaid on the first day of January, 
1889, the principal surn, $10,000, and one year's interest at 6 per 
cent., $600. 

Q. What is your means of knowledge as to the amount 
due? 

A. The defendant, James Johnson, stated to me just before 
this suit was commenced, that he had never paid the note or 
the last year's interest on the same. 

Q. State as nearly as you are able when this conversation 
took place, and where it was. 

A. It was in the early part of January of this year, and in 

my office. 

Cross-examination by Mr. Rogers. 

Q. Have you any knowledge as to the consideration of this 
note ? 

A. No, sir. 

Q, Were you present when the note and mortgage were ex- 
ecuted, or did you have anything to do with that transaction ? 

A. I was not present, and I had nothing whatever to do 
with the matter. 

Q. Do you mean to be understood as saying that the de- 
fendant Johnson admitted that he owed the complainant 
$10,600 in January, 1889? 

A. Mr. Johnson told me that he had not paid this note or 
the last year's interest thereon. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. I93 

Q, What other conversation, if any, took place between you 
and Mr. Johnson at the time he made this statement, as you 
say, in your office in January last ? 

A. I can't remember all that we said ; there was consider- 
able conversation between us. 

Q. Did Mr. Johnson say to you in that conversation that 
the reason he did not pay the note in question was because he 
had a good defense ? 

A. I think he did say something of that kind. 

Q. Didn't he tell you that he did not consider that he owed 
the complainant a single dollar on that note ? 

A. He told me that the note was given to complainant to 
close out some deals on the Board of Trade. 

Q. What is the business of the complainant ? 

A. He is a commission man ; he is on the Board of Trade. 

Q. What does he deal in on the Board of Trade ? 

A. I think his transactions are mostly confined to wheat, 
corn, and pork. 

Q. Now, didn't Mr. Johnson say to you that this note was 
given for a gambling transaction ? 

A. Yes, I think he said the note was given to close out some 
deals — option deals — on the Board of Trade, that the com- 
plainant had made for him. 

Q. Didn't he tell you that the transactions which this note 
was given to close out were gambling transactions ? 

A. Yes, I think he said that in substance. 

Q. Then he didn't admit to you that he actually owed the 
complainant $10,600, did he ? 

By Mr. Mason : I object to this question ; let the witness 
state the conversation between him and Mr. Johnson. 

By the Master: State what was said at this interview 
between you and Mr. Johnson. 

A. I can't state the exact conversation. 

By the Master : Give the substance of this conversation as 
you now recollect it. 

Q. What reason did Mr. Johnson give for not paying that 
note ? 



ig4 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

A. Well, he said the note was given for losses in deals made 
through the complainant on the Board of Trade. 

Q. Didn't Mr. Johnson say that the note was given for a 
gambling debt ? 

By Mr. Mason : I object to the question; Mr. Johnson's 
statements are not competent evidence in his own favor. 

By Mr. Rogers : Certainly not, but you have tried to prove 
by this witness that Mr. Johnson admitted that he owed the 
complainant $10,600 on this note, and I am entitled to the 
whole conversation. 

By the Master : Of course the statements made to the 
witness by Mr. Johnson will not prove or tend to prove that 
this note is void because given for a gambling transaction ; but 
since the complainant sought to show by the witness that the 
defendant, James Johnson, admitted that the note and one 
year's interest was due and unpaid, the defendants are entitled 
to all the conversation, so that the Court may determine 
whether there was any admission of a bona fide indebtedness 
to the complainant. 

A. Yes, Mr. Johnson said that he made a lot of deals on 
the Board of Trade through the complainant, and that he 
incurred large losses, and that the note was given in settlement 
of these losses, and that the transactions were all gambling 
transactions. 

Q. Did Mr. Johnson say that the reason he didn't pay the 
note and the interest on it was because they were gambling 
transactions and this was a gambling debt ? 

A. Yes, that was the reason he gave. 

No. 31.— 1,038 words. 

A Note, not Negotiable. 

$1,000. New York, Nov. i, 1892. 

Ten days after date I promise to pay to C. P. Currie, one 
thousand dollars. 

Horatio Judah. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. igS 

Copy of First Mortgage Bond. 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

Series A. No. $1,000.00. 

SUPERIOR RAPID TRANSIT RAILWAY COMPANY. 

First Mortgage 6 per cent. Gold Bond. 

For Value Received, The Superior Rapid Transit Railway 
Company, a corporation duly organized and existing under the 
laws of the State of Wisconsin, hereby promises to pay the 
bearer, or if this bond be registered, the registered holder 
hereof, at the office of the Central Trust Company of New 
York, in the city of New York, the sum of One Thousand Dol- 
lars, in gold coin of the United States of America, of or equal 
to the present standard of weight and fineness, on the first day of 
August, 1912, and to pay interest thereon semi-annually, from 
the first day of August, 1892, at the same place, in like coin, at 
the rate of 6 per cent, per annum, on the first days of February 
and August in each year, on presentation and surrender of the 
annexed coupons, as the same shall become due respectively; 
provided that said Superior Rapid Transit Railway Com- 
pany, its successors and assigns, may at its or their option, on 
the first day of February or August in any year after ten years 
from August first, 1892, redeem this bond at one hundred two 
and accrued interest as in said mortgage provided. And it is 
hereby agreed that in case the interest, or any part thereof, 
shall not be so paid on any date when the same is due and pay- 
able, and shall remain in arrears three months after the same 
shall have been demanded, then the whole of said principal 
sum shall become immediately due and payable in the manner 
and with the effect provided in the mortgage hereinafter men- 
tioned. 

This bond is one of a series of two hundred and fifty bonds 
of said Superior Rapid Transit Railway Company, designated 
" Series A" of like amount, tenor and date, amounting, in the 
aggregate, to the sum of two hundred and fifty thousand dol- 
lars, and numbered consecutively from one to two hundred and 



196 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK* 

fifty inclusive. All of which bonds, together with bonds to be 
hereafter issued under the said mortgage on the terms therein 
set forth, are equally secured by a first mortgage or deed of 
trust duly executed and delivered by said Superior Rapid 
Transit Railway Company to the said Central Trust Company 
of New York, as Trustee, bearing date the thirteenth day of 
August, 1892, granting, selling, conferring, and conveying to 
the said Trustee, by way of security for the payment of prin- 
cipal and interest of said bonds, all of the railroad constructed 
and to be constructed, and other property, real and personal, 
of the said Superior Rapid Transit Railway Company, as men- 
tioned and described in said mortgage, subject to the terms and 
conditions of which said mortgage this bond is issued and held. 
Both the principal and interest herein mentioned are payable 
without any deduction whatsoever for any government or state 
tax which said company may be required bylaw to retain there- 
from, the said Superior Rapid Transit Railway Company agree- 
ing to pay the same. This bond may be registered in the name 
of the owner in books to be kept at the agency in the city of 
New York appointed for that purpose by the said Superior 
Rapid Transit Railway Company, which registration shall be 
noted hereon, after which every transfer hereof shall be valid 
only when made on said books until so transferred again to 
bearer. The coupons shall always be transferable by delivery. 
The holder of this bond is entitled to the benefit of the addi- 
tional security of the sinking fund to be established and main- 
tained as provided in said mortgage. This bond shall not be 
obligatory unless the certificate hereon endorsed shall be signed 
by the Trustee of the said mortgage. 

In Witness Whereof, The Superior Rapid Transit Railway 
Company has caused this bond to be signed by its President 
and Secretary, and its corporate seal to be hereunto affixed the 
thirteenth day of August, a.d. 1892, and the fac-simile of the 
signature of the Secretary placed upon the coupons thereof. 

Superior Rapid Transit Railway Company. 

, President. 

No. 32. — 728 words. , Secretary. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. I97 



Report of Testimony at Investigation. 

Q. Mr. Adger, are you the President of the Coosaw Mining 
Company ? 

A. The affairs of the Coosaw Mining Company are admin- 
istered by a Board of Managers, and I am Chief Manager. 

Q. Does your company pay its own royalty ? 

A. Since 1872 we have done so. In 1871 we paid royalty 
on 1,220 tons of rock, and in 1872 on 5,140 tons, both through 
the River and Marine Company. 

Q. What is the capital of your company ? 

A. The original capital is $125,000, all paid in cash. By the 
terms of our articles of agreement no increase of the capital is 
allowable. Very soon after commencing, however, it was 
found this capital would be entirely inadequate for conducting 
the operations of the company, and after twelve months of 
experience we saw, without large additional means, there was 
no possibility of maintaining ourselves, or making returns of 
dividends to our stockholders, and my own firm, who are agents 
of the company, were obliged to make them very heavy ad- 
vances. I cannot state at all accurately from memory the 
exact amount which the company found it necessary to expend, 
but the whole cost of their plant certainly exceeds $275,000, 
exclusive of the amount of cash funds requisite for carrying 
on their business. 

Q. How is that amount invested ? 

A. In steam-tug boats, dredges, washing-boats and other 
appliances and machinery, afloat and on shore, in wharves, 
sheds, railroads, cars, engines, workshops, furnaces, etc., for 
receiving, storing, drying, and shipment of our production, in- 
volving also a large outlay of capital. 

Q. Where are you located ? 

A. On Chisolm's Island and Coosaw River. 

Q. Do you own that island ? 

A. No. The part of it occupied by us is leased from the 
owner. 

Q. How does your company operate ? 



I98 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

A. They both dredge and hand-pick; principally by 
dredging. 

Q. That is in deep water ? 

A. Yes. The dredging is done in deep water. 

Q. Those dredges are costly, are they not ? 

A. Yes ; fully furnished and equipped they cost about $30,- 
000 each, and it is impossible to work in deep water without 
them. 

Q, Does not a large portion of the phosphate deposit lie 
in deep water ? 

A. Yes, very much the largest portion of it. 

Q. In addition to the prime cost the expenses in operating 
are considerable, are they not? 

A. Yes, very large, though I cannot state from memory 
what the running expenses are. They are, however, necessarily 
very heavy, as, besides the regular officers, we are obliged to 
employ competent engineers and skilled operatives in addition 
to our clerks and a very large number of laborers. The 
amount expended for fuel, which is entirely of pine wood 
purchased in the neighborhood, is also quite large, giving em- 
ployment to a large number of idle laborers and teams in the 
neighborhood, also to mills on the Port Royal Railroad and 
the road itself, thus paying out large sums of money which 
would otherwise have been sent to Northern ports for coal. 

Q. Do you operate at all in tongs work ? 

A. Very little. In preference, we hand-pick. 

Q. Are the laborers drawn from the neighboring planta- 
tions ? 

A. No; there are no neighboring plantations which we 
draw labor from ; on the contrary, it is obtained from the 
islands on the south side of the Coosaw, where planting (ex- 
cept by negroes in patches) has long since been abandoned. 
But for this employment for the past four years the negroes on 
those islands would either have starved or been thrown on the 
county for support, or lived by pillaging or robbery. Indeed, 
the permanent location of our works at that and the present 
time has thus been most providential in that respect. It af- 
forded to the idle labor constant employment at full and re- 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 1 99 

munerative prices, and being reliable for the whole year, owing 
to our fixed locality, they have abandoned their system of 
patch culture of the soil and rely wholly on the employment 
we give them. It is gratifying to see the improvement in the 
healthful appearance, moral character and stability, since we 
have been established on the Coosaw, of those laborers we em- 
ploy. Our Superintendent, whose life has been spent in the 
management of labor, reports to us that he considers we have 
at our command and in our employment a class of laborers 
equal to any in the world. They appear happy and contented, 
and during our seven years' operations we have had no single 
case of disorder or insubordination, and the desire for constant 
and remunerative employment, such as we are able to offer, is 
so appreciated by them he could easily double his present 
labor roll if needed. 

Q. Do you operate at all on the system of giving permits? 

A. No, and I entirely disapprove of it, and am satisfied it is 
much better, not only for the interest of the company 
themselves, but for the State in securing the payment of the 
royalty, and most certainly for the benefit of the laborers 
themselves, that we should employ them at full and very often 
very large wages to work under our direction and control. 

Q. Are you troubled at all by unlicensed persons encroach- 
ing upon your territory? 

A. Yes, in one instance, by a neighboring company operat- 
ing on their own territory without license, at which time part 
of the rock mined from our river (the Coosaw) was taken 
ashore by them to their landing, and they refused to deliver 
same to us when demanded. I believe they have made no re- 
turn to the State and paid no royalty on it, and we have com- 
menced action for the recovery of the value of the rock in our 
courts. Part we took forcible possession of, and they have 
not since encroached on us. In another instance a sloop 
holding a permit from a licensed company operating near 
Charleston entered upon our territory, and before we were 
aware of their presence had mined fifteen to twenty tons. 
They were ordered off, and after much trouble, while we were 
taking steps to arrest them, they left in the night and landed 



200 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

what they had illegally taken in the city. We were not able 
to trace the rock after it was landed and thrown with other 
rock or otherwise disposed of. We have no knowledge that 
any royalty was paid on the rock ; certainly if it had not been 
removed from our territory the State would have received it. 

Q. Are there any definite lines separating your territory 
from that of the other companies — buoys, for instance? 

A. Our boundaries are marked and defined by the grant of 
the Legislature, dated 28th March, 1876, and there are no 
phosphate deposits in any other part of the river. 

Q. Your company has been at work since 1870? 

A. Yes, sir. 

Q. As you are familiar with the legislation under which the 
phosphate works are now operated, will you please state what, 
in your opinion, are the principal defects in that system ? 

A. In my judgment it is chiefly in granting licenses, almost 
indiscriminately, to persons who applied, without requiring a 
guarantee that they intended investing sufficient capital to 
work efficiently, and in not confining them to a particular ter- 
ritory and giving them a local habitation. 

No. 33. — 1,179 words. 

Application for Writ of Habeas Corpus in behalf 
of Mrs. Surratt. 

Washington, D. C, July 7, 1865. 
To the Hon. Andrew Wylie, one of the 
'Justices of the Supreine Court of the 
District of Columbia : 
The petition of Mary E. Surratt, by her counsel, F. A. Aiken 
and John W. Clampitt, most respectfully represents unto your 
Honor, that on or about the 17th day of April, a.d. 1865, your 
petitioner was arrested by the military authorities of the United 
States, under the charge of complicity with the murder of 
Abraham Lincoln, late President of the United States, and has 
ever since that time been and is now confined on said charge, 
under and by virtue of the said military power of the United 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 20 1 

States and is in special custody of Major- General W. S. Han- 
cock, commanding Middle Military Division ; that since her 
said arrest your petitioner has been tried, against her solemn 
protest, by a Military Commission, unlawfully and without war- 
rant, convened by the Secretary of War, as will appear from 
paragraph 9, Special Orders, No. 211, dated War Department, 
Adjutant-General's Office, Washington, May the 6th, 1865, and 
by said Commission, notwithstanding her formal plea to the 
jurisdiction of the said Commission, is now unlawfully and un- 
justifiably detained in custody and sentenced to be hanged on 
to-morrow, July 7, 1865, between the hours of 10 A.M. and 2 p.m. ; 
your petitioner shows unto your Honor that at the time of the 
commission of the said offense she was a private citizen of the 
United States, and in no manner connected with the military 
authority of the same, and that said offense was committed 
within the District of Columbia, said District being at the time 
within the lines of the armies of the United States, and not 
enemy's territory, or under the control of a military commander 
for the trial of civil causes. But, on the contrary your peti- 
tioner alleges that the said crime was an offense simply against 
the peace of the United States, properly and solely cognizable 
under the Constitution and laws of the United States, by the 
Criminal Court of this District, and which said court was and 
is now open for the trial of such crimes and offenses. Where- 
fore, inasmuch as the said crime was only an offense against the 
peace of the United States, and not an act of war; inasmuch as 
your petitioner was a private citizen of the same, and not sub- 
ject to military jurisdiction, or in any wise amenable to military 
law ; inasmuch as said District was the peaceful territory of the 
United States, and that all crimes committed within such terri- 
tory are, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, 
to be tried only before its criminal tribunals, with the right of 
public trial by jury ; inasmuch as said Commission was a Mil- 
itary Commission, organized and governed by the laws of mil- 
itary court-martial, and unlawfully convened without warrant 
or authority, and when she had not the right of public trial by 
jury as guaranteed to her by the Constitution and laws of the 
United States, that, therefore, her detention and sentence are 



202 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

so without warrant against positive law and unjustifiable ; 
wherefore, she prays your Honor to grant unto her the United 
States' most gracious writ of habeas corpus, commanding the 
said Major-General W. S. Hancock to produce before your 
Honor the body of your said petitioner, with the cause and day 
of her said detention, to abide, etc., and she will ever pray. 

Mary E. Surratt. 

By Frederick A. Aiken, John W. Clampitt. 

Indorsed. — Let the writ issue as prayed, returnable before the Criminal Court of 
the District of Columbia, now sitting, at the hour of 10 o'clock a.m., this 7th day of 
July, 1865. 

Andrew Wylie, 

A Justice 0/ the Supreme Court of the 
District 0/ Columbia, July 7, 1865. 

At half-past u o'clock on the morning of the 7th of July, 
Major-General Hancock, accompanied by Attorney-General 
Speed, appeared before Judge Wylie in obedience to the writ, 
and made the following return : 

Headquarters Middle Military Division, ) 
Washington, D. C v July 7, 1865. ) 

To Hon. Andrew Wylie, Justice 

of the Supreme Court of the 

District of Columbia : 
I hereby acknowledge the service of the writ hereto attached 
and return the same, and respectfully say that the body of Mary 
E. Surratt is in my possession, under and by virtue of an order 
of Andrew Johnson, President of the United States and Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, for the purposes in 
said order expressed, a copy of which is hereto attached and 
made part of this return ; and that I do not produce said body 
by reason of the order of the President of the United States, 
indorsed upon said writ, to which reference is hereby respect- 
Mlv made, dated July 7, 1865. 

W. S. Hancock, 
Maj.-Gen. U. S. Vols., Commanding Middle Division, 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 203 

THE PRESIDENT'S INDORSEMENT. 

Executive Office, July 7, 1865, 10 a.m. 

To Major-General W. S. Hancock, 

Commander, etc. : 

I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do hereby 
declare that the writ of habeas corpus has been heretofore sus- 
pended in such cases as this, and I do hereby especially sus- 
pend this writ, and direct that you proceed to execute the order 
heretofore given upon the judgment of the Military Commis- 
sion, and you will give this order in return to the writ. 

Andrew Johnson, President. 

The Court ruled that it yielded to the suspension of the writ 
of habeas corpus by the President of the United States. 
The sentences were duly carried into execution. 

No. 34.-928 words. 

Carpenter's Specification. 

Specification of Carpenter's Work and Materials required in 
the construction of a Three-story Brick Block of Two Houses 
on the N. W. corner of Sumner Ave. and William Street, in the 
city of Warren, 111., for Jas. E. Franklin, Esq., of said city, in 
accordance with the accompanying drawings made by S. R. 
Bishop. 

General Description. — The building is arranged for a 
block of two houses with a store on the first floor and two tene- 
ments above in each. The building finished throughout the 
first, second, and third stories, and plastered throughout except 
stores, which will be sheathed with North Carolina pine. 

The inside finish throughout, not otherwise specified, to be 
white pine painted. Kitchens, back halls, rakes of back stairs, 
and water-closets throughout wainscoted with North Carolina 
pine finished in the natural wood. The sheathing of the stores 
throughout finished in the natural wood. 

Timber and Framing.— All of the timber used in the con- 



204 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

struction of the building, unless otherwise specified, to be of 
sawn spruce, free from large, loose, or dead knots, shakes, bad 
wanes, and any and all defects impairing its durability and 
strength, and of the following general dimensions : 

Girders in cellar, 6x8 ins. Ga. pine. Girders under second 
floor joists, 8 x 10 ins. These 8 x io inch girders to be Ga. pine 
and planed and chamfered, with full end ornamented and sup- 
ported on 8 x 8 inch planed and chamfered Ga. pine posts running 
down between the girders and footing on brick piers in cellars. 
Do all cutting and fitting for cast-iron caps and plates to posts 
in first story. (See "Iron Work.") 

Iron Work. — The floor joists in each story above the first 
floor anchored to the outside walls once in every 8 feet, with 
Y% X i i^-inch wrought-iron anchors turned up in the wall 6 ins., 
extending on to the joists io ins., or over three joists, as the 
case may be, and thoroughly dogged and spiked to same. The 
joists also anchored through the party wall with Y% x i^-inch 
dogs spiked to joists and put in so as to form continuous ties 
through the building. The roof joists anchored to the outside 
walls once in every eight feet with j^-inch diam. wall plate 
anchors with plates, nuts, and washers all complete. The roof 
joists tied through the party wall, as specified for floor joists. 
The posts under girders under second floor to have cast-iron caps 
and bases of ^-inch metal with rims, etc., all made as required. 
All of the iron work to have one coat of Prince's Metallic Paint 
before building in place. 

Roofing. — The main roof joists laid with ^-inch second 
quality spruce, worked not over six inches wide, laid in courses, 
breaking joints and thoroughly nailed to every bearing. 

Form sunk gutters in front and rear cornices and furred up 
on the inside to form grade as required. Form scuttle in each 
roof where directed, 22 x 32 ins. in the clear when finished, and 
form plank curb and cover all hung and trimmed complete. 

Outside Finish. — All of the outside finishing lumber to be 
of strictly clear, well seasoned white pine. The front and rear 
main cornices of the design as shown, and with sunk gutters 
formed in same as required. Full size details of cornice work 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 205 

will be furnished as the work progresses. The tympanums of the 
semi-circular arches to windows on front ornamented as shown 
with radiating work and turned rosettes. The pediment of 
gable on front panelled as shown, and the centre panel filled 
with raised ornament. 

Glazing. — The cellar and attic sash glazed with the second 
quality of French sheet glass. All of the other sash, transoms, 
sash doors, etc., glazed with the first quality of French sheet 
glass, unless otherwise specified. All glass in doors to be 
double thick, as well as all lights 16 inches wide and over. All 
glass to be well bedded, tacked, and puttied and left whole, 
clean, and perfect at the completion. All sash to be primed be- 
fore glazing. The glass in store fronts and front entrance doors 
to apartments glazed with Chance's 26 oz. crystal sheet glass. 

Outside Blinds. — All the windows throughout, where prac- 
ticable, except in cellar, to have outside blinds 1% inches thick, 
with roller slats, and hung and trimmed all complete in the 
usual manner. The blinds to be painted three good coats of 
pure. white lead and linseed oil paint, colored as required. 

Bells, etc — Provide and put up in each kitchen a 5-inch 
polished gong bell with all the necessary wire, cranks, springs, 
etc., to ensure the proper working of the same, and connect 
with the pulls at the front entrance doors. The bell pulls and 
plates to be Imperial Bronze of the same design and finish as 
the trimmings for the doors. 

Finish of Store. — The vertical surfaces and ceilings of store 
sheathed throughout with North Carolina pine, as specified 
for wainscoting. Sheathing finished to openings with quarter- 
round. Run a neat bed-mold all around in angles at ceiling. 

The store doors to have 16-inch sliding sunk bolts of brass or 
bronze on standing door, and to have first-class store-door locks 
and latches with brass fronts, bolts, and striking plates, and with 
proper store-door handle of bronze to match hardware on en- 
trance doors to apartments. Transoms to be provided with 
Shaw's Patent Transom Lifter to match adjoining hardware. 
All locks and latches to have brass fronts, bolts, and striking 
plates and duplicate nickel-plated keys. 



206 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 



Inside Finish.— No inside finish to be put in place until the 
plastering is all done and dry. All of the inside finish, not 
otherwise specified, to be of a good, sound quality of white pine 
cutting-up-stock, and finished for painting. All inside wood 
finish hand smoothed. All of the door and window casings 
throughout, unless otherwise specified, to be y& x \y z ins. centre 
molded, with corner blocks and rosettes turned on same. All 
door castings to finish on plinths. All the windows through- 
out finished on neatly molded sills and aprons. Windows to 
have jambs where required. Run a neat wall molding around 
all casings. Casings in closets, pantries, and sink-rooms to be 

4^ inches wide and plain Provide and put up six 

shelves in each kitchen closet, all as required. The locker 
doors, drawers, etc., hereinbefore mentioned made in the 
best manner and provided with all the necessary hardware 
to trim them all complete. The shelves supported on proper 
standards and cleats as required. 

Picture Molding. — Provide and put up ash picture mold- 
ing all around each room throughout the building in first and 
second stories, all finished and varnished complete before fixing 
in place. 

Mantel Shelves, etc.— Provide and fix in place in each 
parlor a mantel shelf of neat design having molded shelf and 
back, and supported on ornamented and molded brackets. Also 
provide and fix in place in each kitchen a neat ash shelf with 
back, and supported on ornamental iron brackets. 

Jobbing, Casing, etc., of Plumbing Work.— Case all 
plumbing work, slots for pipes, etc., and furnish and put in all 
strips, casings, troughs, boxes, and any and all other wood work 
that the plumber may require for the proper execution and 
arrangement of his work. 

Painting.— All the outside wood work, together with all 
galvanized iron and work not otherwise specified, to be painted 
three good coats of pure white lead and linseed oil paint, col- 
ored and tinted in different colors and shades, as may be directed. 

All of the inside wood work throughout the second and third 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 207 

stories, not otherwise specified, to be painted three good coats 
of pure white lead and linseed oil paint, colored as required. 
Also paint any and all other woodwork usually painted, though 
not specially mentioned. 

Properly stop all nail holes and other imperfections, and 
otherwise prepare the work for the finish it is to receive. 

All hard wood and North Carolina pine filled with Pratt & 
Lambert's mineral or light liquid wood filler, as the case may 
require. Apply on to this one coat of Pratt & Lambert's no 
Cabinet Varnish, and finish with a coat of Pratt & Lambert's 
38 Preservative. Put on Pratt & Lambert's 38 in sink-rooms 
in place of no. All under coats to be cleaned with dry hair- 
cloth or burlaps before applying another coat. 

The wood work in kitchens, not otherwise specified, grained 
in the very best manner in imitation of such woods as shall be 
directed, and finished with a good coat of varnish. 

No. 35. — 1,351 words. 

Protest by Shippers of Goods. 

Against the Master and Owners of a Vessel, in consequence of the 
Master s Refusal, after Notice, to sign a Bill of Lading in 
the customary form. 
By this public instrument of protest, be it known and made 
manifest unto all people, that on the 8th day of July, in the 
year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-two, personally 
came and appeared before me, A. B., notary public, duly com- 
missioned and sworn, residing in New York, in the county 
of N. Y., in the State of N. Y., C. D., one of the firm of C. D. & 
Co., of N. Y., merchants, the shippers of goods and merchandise 
per the ship or vessel the " Dove," bound on a voyage from 
New York to Eastport, and E. F., of New York., clerk to the said 
C. D. & Co., w r ho, being severally sworn, did declare and de- 
pose ; and first this appearer, the said E. F., for himself did 
declare and state as follows, that is to say : that this appearer 
did attend for the said C. D. & Co., the shippers, and did con- 
duct the delivery on the 7th day of July instant, at and 
alongside of the said vessel, the " Dove," of the goods and 



208 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

merchandise mentioned in the duplicate [or, copy] bill of lading 
after mentioned. That E. Z., the master of the said ship or 
vessel, signed and gave a bill of lading for the seven chests of 
merchandise therein mentioned, with the words " one chest in 
dispute, if on board to be delivered, contents unknown," writ- 
ten at the foot thereof, and the said C. D. & Co. objected to 
the same ; and that this appearer, the said E. F., was present, 
and did see the said seven chests of merchandise carefully de- 
livered, at and alongside the said vessel, at N. Y. aforesaid, in 
the usual manner, and left under the charge of the mate and 
crew thereof ; and that, on this 8th day of July instant, 
this appearer, the said E. F., did deliver to the said E. Z., a 
notice and demand signed by the said C. D. <£ Co., of which 
a copy is hereunto annexed, but the said E. Z. refused to com- 
ply therewith, or to sign or deliver any other bill of lading in 
another form. 

And the appearer, the said C. D., for and on behalf of him- 
self and of his said copartner in trade, under the said firm of 
C. D. & Co., and for and on behalf of all other persons who are, 
or shall or may be interested in the said goods and merchandise, 
doth declare and protest before me, and I, the said notary, at 
the request of the said shippers, the said C. D. & Co., do protest 
against the owners and the said master of the said vessel, for 
and in respect of the said refusal and neglect to sign and give 
a correct bill of lading for the said goods, in the usual and cus- 
tomary form, and for and in respect of all fall of markets, loss, 
damage, or expenses, which the said shippers, or any other per- 
son or persons, who is, or are, or shall, or may be, interested 
therein, have or hath occurred, or may incur, by reason of the 
premises. 

Thus done and protested in the city of New 
York, this 8th day of July, in the year 
of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
dred and ninety-two. 
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 
[Seal.] my hand and affixed my notarial seal. 

Frank Wheeler, 

Notary Public. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 209 

Copy of the Notice to the Master. 

Referred to in the foregoing Protest, objecting to the qualification 
introduced into the Bill of Lading, without consent, and de- 
manding a Bill of Lading in the customary form. 

To Captain E. Z., Master of the ship or vessel called the " Dove " : 
We, the shippers of seven chests of merchandise on board 
the " Dove," for Eastport, hereby give you notice, that we ob- 
ject to the qualification or exception of " one chest in dispute, 
if on board to be delivered, contents unknown," added without 
our consent to the bill of lading signed by you for the said 
goods, for Eastport, and that we hold you and the owners of 
the vessel responsible for the value and safety of all and every 
goods, which we shall prove to have been delivered at the said 
vessel ; and we demand and require you forthwith to sign and 
deliver to us a bill of lading for the said goods, in an usual, 
legal, and customary form, and we give you notice that in de- 
fault thereof, we protest against you, and we hold you and the 
owners of the vessel responsible for all loss, damage, or ex- 
penses, by reason of the premises. 

C. D. & Co. 

New York, July 8, 1892. 

No. 36.-827 words. 

Charge to Jury. 

Pryor, J (charging jury). The plaintiff, formerly a patient 
of the defendant physician, sues him for malpractice ; that is, 
to recover damages for alleged negligence and unskillfulness in 
his treatment of her. The employment of defendant by the 
plaintiff is not disputed, and the issues which you are to deter- 
mine are whether the defendant treated the plaintiff unskill- 
fully or negligently ; and, if he did so treat her, to what amount 
of damages she is entitled as compensation for any injuries she 
has sustained from such unskillful or negligent treatment. In 
order to entitle plaintiff to a verdict in her favor, she must 
prove her cause of action to your satisfaction ; in other words, 
you must be convinced by the evidence in the case that the 



2IO LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

defendant did treat the plaintiff unskillfully or negligently to 
her injury. The law presumes of the defendant, as of every 
other person, that he faithfully and fully discharged his duty ; 
and, before you can find a verdict against him, this presumption 
must be overcome by satisfactory proof that he failed to per- 
form his duty in the particulars imputed to him by the com- 
plaint. Before you can find that the defendant failed to dis- 
charge his duty to the plaintiff, you must know, of course, what 
that duty was ; and what that duty was, it is for the court to 
instruct you. The law has fixed and prescribed the duty of a 
physician to his patient ; and, the standard of a physician's 
duty to his patient being a rule of law, you must, in determin- 
ing your verdict, accept and act upon the definition of that 
duty, as propounded to you by the court. 

In the first place, then, gentlemen, a physician does not con- 
tract to cure a patient — he is not an insurer — but his under- 
taking is only, and the duty which the law imposes upon him 
is only, to exercise due skill and due care in the treatment of 
his patient. But, as he cannot exercise due skill unless he pos- 
sess it, the law requires that a physician shall have and shall 
exert due skill in the treatment of his patient. 

But the law also requires of a physician, not only due skill, 
but due care also in the treatment of his patient ; and he is as 
responsible for the want of due care as of due skill. What, 
then, are that due skill and that due care which the law 
requires of a physician in the treatment of a patient? As a 
physician is not bound in law to cure his patient, so neither is 
he required to treat him with the greatest skill or the greatest 
care. On the other hand, a physician does not discharge his 
legal duty to a patient by treating him merely with little skill 
or with slight care. Between these extremes lies the duty 
which the law requires of a physician in the treatment of a 
patient — that reasonable degree of skill, and that reasonable 
degree of care, which are ordinarily possessed and exercised 
by the profession ; and he is liable in damages only for in- 
juries resulting to the patient from the lack of either of these 
requisites. Your knowledge of the limitations upon the hu- 
man faculties will enable you readily to understand and accept 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 21 1 

what I now say to you, namely : That, as the best instructed and 
the most vigilant intellect is not beyond the possibility of mis- 
take, so a physician is not responsible for an error of judgment 
in the treatment of a patient, unless it be so gross as to imply a 
want of that skill or that care which I have just defined to you 
as constituting the legal duty of a physician. It is enough if a 
competent physician exercise his best judgment in the case. 
Applying the legal standard of a physician's obligation to the 
evidence in the case, it is for you to determine whether the de- 
fendant failed in the discharge of his duty to the plaintiff. 

It appears that the plaintiff was a charity patient ; that the 
defendant was treating her gratuitously. But I charge you that 
this fact in no respect qualifies the liability of the defendant. 
Whether the patient be a pauper or a millionaire, whether he 
be treated gratuitously or for reward, the physician owes him 
precisely the same measure of duty, and the same degree of skill 
and care. He may decline to respond to the call of a patient 
unable to compensate him ; but if he undertake the treatment 
of such a patient, be cannot defeat a suit for malpractice, nor 
mitigate a recovery against him, upon the principle that the 
skill' and care required of a physician are proportioned to his 
expectation of pecuniary recompense. Such a rule would be of 
the most mischievous consequence; would make the health 
and life of the indigent the sport of reckless experiment and 
cruel indifference. Even though, therefore, the defendant was 
not to be paid for his attendance, he was still bound in law to 
treat the plaintiff with the requisite skill and the requisite care. 

Evidence has been given tending to show that the plaintiff 
disregarded and disobeyed an injunction imposed upon her by 
the defendant to " keep quiet in bed "; that, notwithstanding 
such admonition, she got out of her bed, went into another 
room, and subjected herself to some exertion. Gentlemen, in 
a case such as this, all the obligation is not upon the physician ; 
but the patient also has duties to discharge. In particular, 
the patient must obey the orders and follow the directions 
of the physician ; and, if he disobey such orders, or neglect 
such directions, he cannot hold the physician responsible for 
the consequences of such disobedience or neglect. Accordingly, 



212 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

I charge you that, if you find that the injury of which the plain- 
tiff complains was the effect of her own carelessness or neglect 
alone, or was the effect of the defendant's negligence or want 
of skill in combination and co-operation with her own careless- 
ness or neglect, she cannot recover. Her contributory negli- 
gence would defeat the action. If, then, you find that the 
defendant did not treat the plaintiff with the requisite skill or 
the requisite care, and that no neglect or carelessness on the 
part of the plaintiff contributed to cause the injury of which 
she complains, your verdict must be for the plaintiff. But, on 
the other hand, if you find that the defendant did treat the 
plaintiff both with the requisite skill and the requisite care, 
and that the plaintiff's own neglect or carelessness concurred in 
causing her injury, your verdict must be for the defendant. 

If your verdict be for the plaintiff, you must award her such 
an amount of damages — not exceeding $50,000 — as you believe 
will be a fair and just compensation for all the injuries, past, 
present, and prospective, which you find to be the consequences 
of the defendant's maltreatment of her. Whatever expense she 
has incurred ; whatever suffering she has undergone or will un- 
dergo ; whatever inability to labor on her own account has been 
inflicted upon her, — all those things, in so far as they are the 
consequences of the defendant's maltreatment of the plaintiff, 
you may consider and include in your estimate of the compen- 
sation to be allowed her. 

Gentlemen, the case you have to determine is not only of 
consequence to the parties, but, as involving the duties and lia- 
bilities of physicians, is of interest to that noble and beneficent 
profession ; and, as affecting the safeguards of human health 
and life, is of moment to the entire community. It is because 
of the importance of the case in these various aspects, and of 
the many difficult questions it involves, that I have detained 
you so long in expounding to you the principles of law govern- 
ing your determination. It is because of the great importance 
of the case that I am pleased to commit it to a jury so capable 
of deciding it intelligently and justly. 

No. 37.-1,318 words. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 21 3 

Copy of Railroad Mortgage. 

A Mortgage recorded on Pembroke County Records, 
Book J, pages 176 to 180. 

Know all men by these presents, That whereas, The 
Blank Railroad Company, party of the first part, propose to 
issue one million four hundred and seven thousand dollars of 
construction bonds to be a second mortgage lien on their road 
constructed from the junction with the Dash Railroad, near 
Pine Falls, to Webster, and a first mortgage lien on their 
road to be constructed from Webster to the south line of the 
State of Oregon, said bonds to be dated the first day of October, 
eighteen hundred and sixty-six, and to bear interest from the 
first day of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, at the 
rate of seven per cent, per annum, payable semi-annually on 
the first day of July and January in each year, the principal 
of said bonds to be payable on the first day of January, nine- 
teen hundred and sixteen, principal and interest payable in the 
city of New York, one hundred thousand dollars of said sum 
to be in bonds of five hundred dollars each, numbered con- 
secutively from one hundred and forty-one (141) to three hun- 
dred and forty (340) inclusive, and the remaining one million 
three hundred and seven thousand dollars to be in bonds of 
one thousand dollars each, numbered consecutively from three 
hundred and forty-one (341) to sixteen hundred and forty- 
seven (1647) inclusive; 

And whereas, The party of the first part intend to issue 
certificates of stock on said railroad constructed and to be 
constructed at the rate of twenty-one thousand dollars per 
mile, including the stock already issued.; 

And whereas, The party of the first part have leased their 
road constructed and to be constructed to the Dash Railroad 
Company at the rent of fifteen hundred dollars per mile per annum, 
payable in twelve equal monthly installments on the last day of each 
month, and additional rent payable every six months, as fol- 
lows: When the gross earnings of the said Blank Railroad 
shall exceed three thousand five hundred dollars per mile per 
annum on the portion constructed and in operation, the 



214 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

excess above that amount, so long as the same does not 
exceed another thirty-five hundred dollars per mile per annum, 
shall be divided, giving thirty-five per cent, of it to the party 
of the first part, and sixty-five per cent, to said Dash Railroad 
Company, and any excess of gross earnings above the rate of 
seven thousand dollars per mile per annum shall be divided, 
giving thirty per cent, of it to the party of the first part, and 
seventy per cent, to the lessees. 

Now, for the purpose of securing the punctual payment of the 
principal and interest of said construction bonds and of secur- 
ing the proper application of the rents and profits of said road, 
the said party of the first part in consideration of the premises 
hereby grant, bargain, sell and convey unto Joseph K. Morris 
and George J. Williams, trustees, parties of the second part, 
the railroad, franchises, and privileges of the party of the first 
part, including the right of way, depot grounds, the railroad 
constructed and to be constructed, all material designed or in- 
tended to be used in construction, also the net earnings of said 
road constructed and to be constructed, and the rents and 
moneys payable by any person or compa7iy to the party of the 
first part for the use of said road and appurtenances. 

It is understood that the party of the first part have already 
issued two hundred and ten thousand dollars of bonds dated 
the thirtieth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and 
sixty-five, secured by a deed of trust dated the twenty-fifth day 
of April, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, wherein 
Joseph K. Morris and the late John Richards are named trus- 
tees, and which was filed for record in May, 1865, in the several 
counties through which the said road is located. And said 
party of the first part covenant that of the bonds in said deed 
of trust mentioned as proposed to be issued only the said sum 
of two hundred and ten thousand dollars had been issued, and 
that no more will be issued. 

And said party of the first part hereby revoke and annul the 
said deed of trust, dated twenty-fifth of April, 1865, so far as 
concerns any bonds other than said two hundred and ten 
thousand dollars of bonds already issued, but as to them the 
said deed is hereby ratified and confirmed, leaving them the 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 215 

said two hundred and ten thousand dollars of bonds a first 
mortgage lien on that part of the road and franchises between 
the junction with the Dash Railroad and the north line of the 
depot grounds at Webster. 

And the bonds now proposed to be issued shall be a second 
mortgage lien on the part of the road last above described, its 
franchises, rents, and profits, and a first mortgage lien on the 
remainder of the road, its franchises, rents, and profits, namely, 
the road to be constructed from the north line of the Webster 
depot grounds to the Oregon State line, a distance of about 
sixty-three miles. Eighty-four thousand dollars of the bonds, 
secured by these presents, are to be issued to the parties who 
are engaged in the construction of the road from the junction 
to Webster, in accordance with the resolution of the board of 
directors concerning the same. The proceeds of the remain- 
der of the bonds shall be applied to the construction of said 
road from Webster to the State line pro rata as the road pro- 
gresses, and to no other purpose. The party of the first part 
shall remain in possession of their road, or in receipt of the 
rents and profits, so long as they are not in default on any of 
the bonds herein mentioned or in applying the income, rents, 
and profits, as follows : — 

First. — To pay the interest on the said two hundred and 
ten thousand dollars of bonds and on the bonds secured by 
these presents. 

Second. — The expenses necessary to preserve the organiza- 
tion of the company. 

Third. — The remainder as divided on the stock of the com- 
pany ; and it shall be part of the duties of the party of the sec- 
ond part to see that the income, rents and profits of said road 
are so applied. 

In case of default of payment of either of said bonds or of 
the interest coupons, or of father e to apply the income, rents, and 
profits as above provided, it shall be the duty of said trustees to 
proceed to enforce payment by foreclosure or to collect and dis- 
burse the income, rents, and profits in the manner above provided 
as to them shall seem best for the interests of all parties con 
cerned : Provided, also, That in case the party of the second 



2l6 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

part shall ever become possessed of the said railroad in conse- 
quence of any foreclosure, they shall have full right and au- 
thority during the time of possession and before the reorgan- 
ization of a new company, to operate, maintain, or improve the 
said road as to them shall seem proper, having due regard to 
the interests of all parties. 

In case said bonds and their coupons be paid according to 
their tenor and effect and the rents, incomes, and profits be 
applied as aforesaid, then this conveyance to be void. In wit- 
ness of the matters aforesaid, the President and Secretary of 
said Blank Railroad Company hereto sign their names, and the 
corporate seal is hereto affixed, this twenty-second day of 
September, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. 

Signed, sealed, and deliv-') Wm. B. Kennedy, 

ered in presence of President. 

Henry J. Raymond. | James M. Kimberly, 

[L. S.J Secretary Blank R. R. Co. 

No. 38.-1,230 words. 



Form of a Note Payable at Bank. 

$3,206.41. New York, July 19, 1890. 

Sixty days after date, I promise to pay to the order of 
Jas. S. Brown, at the First National Bank, three thousand two 
hundred and six fifo dollars, value received. 

James P. O'Neil. 



Due-Bill. 

$117.56. Peekskill. Nov. i, 1892. 

Due Thomas Ransom as per settlement this day one hundred 
and seventeen dollars and fifty-six cents. 

John Lufberry. 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 21J 



Mr. Porter's Argument in the Guiteau Trial. 

Tuesday, January 24, 1882. 

The Court met at 10 o'clock ; counsel for Government and 
accused being present. 

Mr. Porter. If it please your honor — 

The Prisoner. (Interrupting.) I desire to say, before Judge 
Porter proceeds, that some crank has signed my name to a 
letter in the papers this morning. I repudiate that kind of 
business. I also understand that two cranks have been arrested 
this morning. One or two of them have been laying around 
here since Saturday. I wish to say that I am in charge of this 
Court and its officers, and if any one attempts to do me harm, 
they will be shot dead on the spot. Understand that. When I 
get outside I can take care of myself. 

Mr. Porter. (Continuing.) Gentlemen of the jury : As 
usual the Court has been opened by the prisoner, but by his 
permission I am at liberty to add a few words. I am grateful 
to you for the indulgence which has enabled me to proceed 
this morning. If I had done so yesterday, in the present con- 
dition of my health, my strength would have been utterly ex- 
hausted. But, if able, I shall continue, and to the end. It may 
be needful, for aught I know, to trespass still farther on your 
indulgence, and yet I feel that you who are engaged, as we are, 
in this thankless and weary task, you who have endured 
patiently during this long period, longer even than the fast of 
forty days in the wilderness, in an atmosphere dark and putrid 
with calumny and blasphemy, will extend some indulgence to 
those who speak in behalf of the Government and the law. 

Murder is a crime which has existed in all ages. We speak 
of one man, as knowing more than another of human nature. 
There is One who knows more of it than all of us, and speaking 
four thousand years ago to the whole human race, then living 
and thereafter born, and knowing that from cupidity, from 
passion, from diabolic hate, from the thousand causes within 
His prevision, man would be tempted to shed the blood of Jiis 



2l8 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

brother man, He inscribed on tables of stone, committed to the 
keeping of a chosen and ancient people, the commandment : 

" Thou shalt not kill." 

Human life is differently estimated by Guiteau. " Life," says 
he, in his letter of consolation to the widow, " is a fleeting 
dream, and it matters little when one goes. A human life is 
of small value." That is all Cam took. As he told you the 
other day, Garfield might have slipped upon an orange peel. 
He who moulded each of us in His image, entertained different 
views of the value of His own handiwork : 

" Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed." 

The Prisoner. That was said three or four thousand years 
ago. That is old. 

Mr. Porter. (Continuing.) And the prisoner in the dock 
tells you he believes that the God, who never grows old, and 
who placed that value on human life, placed none on the life of 
James A. Garfield, and as to that handed it over to this swin- 
dling lawyer to be dealt with as a fleeting dream. We have had 
the gospel of Guiteau, and he thinks you will endorse it. You 
see what is the Gospel of Him who created us all, and before 
whom each of us is to stand in judgment severally, and answer 
for the observance or the defiance of His supreme law. 

Gentlemen, there is one yuan, at least, between you and the 
grave of the slaughtered President, who absolutely knows, whether 
this defense is a mere sham, utterly and absolutely false, a sim- 
ple imposture. I think it will only be needful for me to occupy 
the remaining hours of this trial with his own declarations ; and 
it will be mainly in the prisoner's language that I shall address 
you. These statements were not given spontaneously, as evi- 
dence of his own, of his clear and undoubted guilt. They were 
almost involuntarily made, in pursuance of that law of heaven, 
by which " truth will out," bursting through all concealments, 
and opening to the light of day the actual facts, in despite of 
all human devices to cover them ; and if it come from no 
other source, it will burst from the conscious and swollen heart 
of^the criminal. I have not reduced my extracts to order, be- 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 219 

cause I intended to continue my address until to-morrow, and 
I have not been able to formulate it. I feel, however, that the 
time has come, when this cause should be sent to you, and de- 
cided before this day's sun goes down. The country and the 
world will breathe freer for your verdict, for all humanity re- 
spects the security of human life. 

I have hastily, during the intermission, glanced over, and 
thrown out such passages as I did not, in the present aspect of 
the case, care to trouble you with ; and I have marked others 
for citation. I have not even time to arrange the order of my 
topics of remark ; but surely I need not ; for every material 
utterance that is to be made to you now, will come from the 
assassin of President Garfield. He seriously, and perhaps hon- 
estly thinks he has so masked this case, that your intelligence 
and your appreciation of the motives of human action cannot 
penetrate it. If I do not reduce them to methodical order, you 
understand the unprecedented circumstances under which I 
present them. They are the utterances of the man, who says 
he stakes his life on the act, and who says he is ready to go to 
the gallows on this political issue, and heaven forbid that you 
should interfere with his well-considered purpose. 

His honor will tell you, that if the will of this man was con- 
trolled by intellectual processes, as yours and mine are, and if 
he could do or refrain from doing a criminal act ; if he could 
choose between the personal God and the personal devil ; if he 
could elect whether to shoot or not to shoot the victim of his 
malice, he is guilty in law. 

The Prisoner. (Interjecting.) He won't do anything of the 
kind, sir, under the decision of the New York Court of Appeals. 

Mr. Porter. Guiteau differs materially in opinion from 
that learned Court. 

But let us resume the reading : 

" I have always been a peaceable man. I don't fight with anybody, and no 
one fights with me. I never struck my father, and I never thought of striking 
him. 

" I don't care a snap about notoriety — not a snap." 

" That is a good quartette— solid : Grant, Conkling, Arthur, and I." 

Not, of course, that he cared a snap about notoriety. 



220 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

" General Arthur will take care of me. 

'* The government don't want me convicted." 

The Prisoner. (Interjecting.) That is true. 

Mr. Porter. The gentlemen in charge of this prosecution 

are Colonel Corkhill, Mr. Davidge, and myself. 

(Reading.) " The gentlemen here don't want me convicted, and I ain't 
going to be, probably. I repudiate the idea of Mr. Scoville. I am not insane 
now, and never pretended that I was." 

The Prisoner. (Interjecting.) On the 2d day of July, and 
for 30 days before that, I was insane ; that was an insane act. 
That is what I have always said about it. 

Mr. Porter. (Continuing.) Again at page 1747: 

" f do not pretend that I am any more insane than you are ; nor haven't 
been, since the firing of that shot" 

The Prisoner. (Interjecting.) That is what I have always 
said about it, sir. It is true. 

Mr. Porter. What a sudden cure of the disease of the 
brain ! 

" Transitory mania is my case" 

The Prisoner. (Interjecting.) You were on the case of 
Sickles, and got beat on the very doctrine you are trying to 
fool this jury with. 

Mr. Porter. The prisoner, as usual, is mistaken. I had 
nothing to do with either of those cases. But Guiteau's should 
be called a thunder-and-lightning order of insanity. It comes 
with no warning. It makes its appearance like a stroke of 
lightning, a flash upon the night sky. The stroke is given, 
and the flash is gone. The prisoner was entirely sane before 
the flash of that June night, entirely sane after the stroke of the 
July bullet. He was the victim of transitory mania, as he has 
so often told you. Dr. Barker photographed Guiteau, although 
he had not examined him. He did so in such vivid colors, 
that if his testimony stood alone, eminent as he is as a scientist, 
it would hang this prisoner, when you apply to Guiteau the 
scientific tests, which the doctor so admirably elucidated. Let 
us resume the reading: 

" I claim transitory mania. 

'* That is all there is of the case," 



LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 221 

The Prisoner. (Interjecting.) That is exactly it, sir. That 
is ali I claimed from the start. 
Mr. Porter. (Continuing.) 

" I don't claim that I am insane any more than you are, except, on — " 

Not before, not after — 
" on the 2d of July." 

When the sun rose on the morning of the second of July, 
President Garfield was in the full vigor of health and life, honored 
and trusted, respected and beloved. When the sun went down that 
day, General Garfield was in the agonies of a long, slow, torturing, 
and lingering death. A great calamity had, in the meanwhile, 
happened to this swindling Guiteau. When the sun rose that 
morning he woke from a refreshing night's sleep. He took his 
bath ; he ate his hearty meal ; he examined his bull-dog pistol, 
which he had bought some weeks before ; he found it was in 
working condition ; he wiped it to keep it so ; he wrapped it 
up carefully ; he arranged the papers that were to be found in 
his pockets after the murder ; he arranged those that were to 
be hurried off that day by the telegraphic wire ; he went to the 
depot ; he completed the arrangements for his own safety ; he 
provided for all the contingencies that might arise. Once more, 
he thought he had better look at the weapon of murder ; he 
went to a closet, examined it and approved it. He came out 
and watched the people as they entered, unconscious of the 
presence of an armed murderer. He waylaid the President. 
Just then — just then, he was seized with a sudden attack of 
transitory mania, fired, fired again, and while President Garfield 
was swaying to the ground, he turned to find his way to that 
pre-engaged carriage, when he was intercepted by the police- 
man. 

His transitory mania was gone. 

The Prisoner. (Interjecting.) I had had it for thirty days. 

Mr. Porter. (Continuing.) This is the insanity which he 
originally set up as a defense. You will remember that he 
claimed he was insane for thirty days from the first of June. 

The Prisoner. (Interjecting.) That is correct, sir. 

Mr. Porter. (Continuing.) But when he saw how that was. 



222 LAW FORMS AND COURT WORK. 

used against him, when he discovered, by the course of the ar- 
gument, that this was fatal to his theory, he fell back on the 
Abrahamic theory of transitory mania, and his last utterance 
before you was one which excluded the thirty days. I read his 
words : 

" I don't claim that I was any more insane than you are, and never have, 
except on the id of July, 1881." 

He read to the same effect in his speech, as I find in the 
printed report, though it did not happen to me to hear it. You 
did, and will remember it. 

Another extract : 

" Now, a vast deal of rubbish has got into this case on both sides. The is- 
sue here is, who fired that shot, the Deity or me ? " 

That is his statement to you, that is his charge to this jury. 
This man, who was acting under the command of Him who 
wields the power of the universe, and who controls the starry 
system of worlds that revolve about His throne, thinks such pro- 
tection insufficient for him. He wants Washington policemen, 
and General Sherman's troops, to come to the help of the 
Almighty. 

Gentlemen, the time has come when I must close. The Gov- 
ernment has presented the case before you, without fear, favor, 
or affection. We have endeavored to discharge our responsible 
duties as well as we could, and his honor has most certainly 
discharged his as well as he could, under many difficulties and 
embarrassments unprecedented in our judicial annals. I know 
you will be faithful to your oaths, and will discbarge your still 
greater responsibilities with equal fidelity 

No. 39.— 2,104 words. 



PART IV. 

LITERARY SELECTIONS. 



Wise Words to Young Men. 

I never look upon a large company of young persons but 
with feelings of profound anxiety. I have lived long and have 
seen the dangers that lie in the path of youth. I would gladly, 
if I could, say a word that might be a lamp to your path and a 
light to your feet. 

1 remember when I was taught this very important lesson — 
that it was always safe to do that which I knew to be right, and 
always dangerous to do that which I knew to be wrong. Guided 
in some degree by that lesson I have passed through a long 
life, having now reached my eightieth year, and by another 
resolution, which I formed very early in life, have been able to 
pass through its dangers in safety. That resolution was this : 
that I would try to give the world an equivalent in some form 
of usefulness for that which I consumed in it. 

I think, young men, if you keep these principles in view, and 
carry them into practice in your daily life, you will find them 
of incalculable service. 

Let me say to you that the more you observe and reflect, the 
more you will find that there is a reign of law in the world 
which holds and controls matter and mind for wise, useful, and 
noble ends. — Peter Cooper. 

No. I . — 236 words. 

Freedom's battle once begun 
Bequeathed by bleeding sire to son, 
Though baffled oft is ever won. 

—Byron. 
(223) 



224 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

Good Advice. 

Young men, believe that success in life is within the reach of 
every one who will truly and nobly seek it ; that there is scope 
for all ; that there is abundance of work for those who are wise 
enough to look for it where it is, and that with sound morality 
and a careful adaptation of means to ends, there are in this land 
of ours larger opportunities, more just and well-grounded hopes, 
than in any other land whereon the sun ever shone. There is 
work for all, and this great country whereof we are citizens is 
destined, in spite of her present embarrassments, to bound up- 
wards on a career of prosperous activity such as the world has 
not yet known. 

That you may be a part of that movement, that you may help 
to inspire it, is my hope. May the few hints you have received 
from me in this short lecture be of value in guiding you in the 
right course. — Horace Greeley. 

No. 2.— 165 words. 

Memory. 

Complaints are continually heard about bad memories. 
Some people have the misfortune of having been born with 
shocking bad memories, while others have in their early years 
been gifted with wonderfully good ones, but by some mysteri- 
ous process have gradually lost the power of retaining even the 
most recent facts. Some, again, have the rare faculty of at 
once, without the slightest difficulty, committing to memory 
any and everything they please, but unfortunately in a very few 
days it is all entirely forgotten. Others, on the contrary, have 
great difficulty in fixing anything in their minds, but when once 
a thing is fixed it is fixed forever. 

The truth is, most persons do not know how to employ their 
memories; the instrument may be tolerably good, but the skill 
to use it aright is wanting. Memory is an art, and as such 
needs cultivation as much as any other art, and its usefulness 
is, of course, beyond question. 

No. 3.— 158 words. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 225 

Boys. 

Yes, we are boys — always playing 

With tongue or with pen, 
And I sometimes have asked, 

Shall we ever be men ? 
Shall we always be youthful 

And laughing and gay, 
Till the last dear companion 

Drops smiling away ? 



Then here's to our boyhood- 
Its gold and its gray, 

The stars of its winter, 
The dews of its May ; 

And when we have done 
With our life-lasting toys, 

Dear Father, take care of 
Thy children, the boys. 

—Oliver Wendell Holmes. 



No. 4. — 77 words. 



Thrift. 



Foolish spending is the father of poverty. Do not be 
ashamed of hard work. Work for the best salaries and wages 
you can get, but work for half price rather than be idle. Be 
your own master, and do not let society or fashion swallow up 
your individuality — hat, coat, and boots. Do not eat up or 
wear out all you can earn. Compel your selfish body to spare 
something for profit's sake. Be stingy with your own appetite, 
but merciful to others' necessities. Help others, and ask no 
help for yourself. Be proud. Let your pride be of the right 
kind. Be too proud to wear a coat you cannot afford to buy; 
too proud to be in company that you cannot keep up with in 
expenses ; too proud to lie, or steal, or cheat ; too proud to be 
stingy ; in short, be a man of integrity and individuality. 

No. 5. — 150 words. 



226 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 



Personal Account-Keeping. 

I think, every young man should begin forthwith to keep 
debit and credit with himself and with the world. If every 
man would resolve to know just where all the money that passes 
through his hands goes to, and would keep that account care- 
fully, setting down every item at the close of each week, I ven- 
ture to say there would be economies in his next year's account 
that were overlooked in the past. I hope these colleges are 
destined to teach us method and order in our business and in our 
industry. There are probably 500,000 farmers in the State of New 
York to-day who, if you were to ask each of them how much 
per bushel his corn had cost, him to grow for the last twenty 
years, I doubt if fifty of the 500,000 could tell you. And this is 
but one instance out of ten thousand. Now, every grower of 
agricultural products should inquire and ascertain, year after 
year, " What does this cost me ? What does it bring me ? Am 
I growing wheat at a profit, corn at a profit, and grass at a 
profit ? Which among my products are profitable to me ? On 
which do I realize a loss ? " All business shculd be done with 
that constant regard to method ; but how seldom do we find 
this or anything like it ? I venture to say that the young man 
who has commenced to keep an account of his time — to charge 
himself with wasted hours, with neglected opportunities, and 
with squandered means — will find himself very soon resolving 
on wholesome retrenchments and reforms, (a — 268 words.) 

I lay this down as a general rule that any young man who, 
at the close of his first year of responsible, independent life, 
has saved something, and knows where to find it, will go on to 
competence ; whereas the young man who at the close of his 
first year has made nothing and has saved nothing — I do not 
say in money, but who has made himself no better off — will 
almost certainly die a poor man, and, if he lives in this city, he 
will probably be buried at the public cost, (b — 94 words.) — 
Horace Greeley. 

No. 6. — 362 words. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 22? 



Short Words are Best. 

Through life we all teach and we all learn. This world is a 
great school-house, where we find out what is good and what is 
evil, and thus get ready to act in some other sphere. What we 
are at the end of this life we shall be when the next begins. 
We must spare no pains, then, when we teach others or our- 
selves. We teach ourselves by our thoughts, others by our 
words. We must take care that we think and speak in a way 
so clear that we do not cheat or mislead ourselves by vague 
and hazy ideas. To save us from this we must learn to think 
in words ; we must get the habit of using them in thought with 
the same care which we use when we speak or write to others. 
Words give a body and form to our thoughts, without which 
they are apt to be so vague and dreamy that we do not see 
where they are weak and false. If we put them into a body of 
words we will, as a rule, learn how much of the truth there is in 
them. When in that form we can turn them over in our minds. 
If we write them out we find that in many cases the ideas we 
thought we had hold of fade away when we put them to this 
test. If they prove to be real and of value they are thus not 
only made clear to us, but they are in a shape where we can 
make them clear to others, (a — 267 words.) 

When our ideas float in our mind in a hazy way, and we are 
in doubt about them, if we talk with others as a rule our doubts 
are solved by the fact that when we state them in a clear way 
we see the truth at once. In most cases, what we say to others, 
not what they say to us when we consult them, settles our 
doubts. We must not only think in words, but we must also 
try to use the best words, and those which in speech will put 
most clearly what is in our minds into the minds of others. 
This is the great art to be gained by those who wish to teach in 
the school, the church, at the bar, or through the press. To do 
this in the right way they should, as a rule, use the short words 
which we learn in early life, and which have the same sense to 
all classes of men. They are the best for the teacher, the 
orator, and the poet, (b— 176 words.) 



22% LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

If you will look at what has been said in prose or in verse 
that comes down to us through many years, which has struck 
all minds and that men most quote, you will find that they are 
in short words of our own tongue. Count them in Gray's Elegy, 
which all love to read, and you will find that they make up the 
large share of all that he uses. The English of our Bible is 
good, but now and then some long words are found, and they 
always hurt the verse in which you find them. Take that which 
says, " O ye generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee 
from the wrath to come? " There is one long word which ought 
not to be in it, namely, " generation." In the older version the 
word " brood " is used. Read the verse again with this term, 
and you feel its full force. When Daniel Webster made a speech 
he used to tell those who put it in form for the press to 
strike out every long word. If you will study the things he said 
or wrote you will find they were mainly made up of short, clear, 
strong terms, although he sometimes used those of length for 
the sake of the sound, (c — 215 words.) 

No. 7. — 658 words. 

A Fatherly Talk. 

Like an indulgent father who would save his children from 
his own untoward experiences and failures, I am constantly 
thinking what can be done to give those just coming upon the 
stage the benefit of the experience of those who are passing 
off. If the world is to grow in practical wisdom, in solidity of 
knowledge, each generation must profit by the mistakes and 
also the achievements of the generations that have preceded it. 
I can think of no better way to conclude my remarks or, if 
possible, to answer my own question, than to express a«few of 
my own wishes that have come to me as I have been writing 
out these thoughts, (a — 116 words.) 

The first among my wishes is that I could have had in my 
youth a calm, wise friend who would have taken the trouble to 
understand something about me beyond the general knowledge 
which everybody seems to possess, that boys will be boys, and 
who had the wisdom, as also the patience, to direct and en- 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 229 

courage me in the ways and purposes best for me. I wish 
in some way it could have been given me to understand that 
the associations and habits of my youth would follow me all 
my days, and in some measure dominate my life. I wish I 
could have known that while labor was in itself right and 
honorable, and manual labor from its necessity and utility par- 
ticularly so, there were other objects in life which even a boy 
could entertain without losing his self-respect or abridging his 
usefulness; that the reading of good books, though it may 
consume time and take a boy's mind off his work, is not 
necessarily an evil, and that there are other good books besides 
the Bible, (b— 178 words.) 

I wish those who had charge of my religious training could 
have known as much of the necessities of my life as I know 
myself and had left a little chance for that life to expand as 
God meant it should. It would have saved me a great deal of 
time that has been wasted and much needless suffering if I 
could have learned earlier that the life that now is was of quite 
as much concern to me as the life which is to come. And that 
if I did my duty in the one, God would take care of the other. 
It would have been a treasure of treasures to me if I could 
have understood when a boy that life was made up in single 
hours and single days and that it was, consequently, of the first 
importance, so far as my own life was concerned, how much I 
could get out of each hour and day in its turn. I wish I had 
known when a boy that my eyes and ears were given me for a 
purpose and that they could be opened and shut just as I chose 
and made to subserve my own good. I wish that grown men 
and women with whom I came in contact could have realized 
how easily I was impressed by their words and actions, and 
how indelible such impressions were, that they might have 
helped me in the right way as well as the wrong, and saved me 
much mental anguish, (c— 253 words.) 

I will not say, young men, never get into debt, although as 
a rule it is best not to. But I will say, never get so far into debt 
as not to be able to see your way out, and then do not be satis- 
fied with seeing your way out, but just as fast as you can, work 



230 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

your way out. And if you are ever so unlucky as to owe a 
man without being able to pay him when you have promised 
and he expects you to, don't look upon him as your enemy and 
avoid him. If there is a prospect of your meeting him on the 
street, do not cross over to the other side in order not to meet 
him. Rather if you are on the other side, cross over in order 
to meet him. Cultivate close relations with the man you owe, 
and let him feel that you neither forget nor desire to forget the 
obligation. And finally pay him. (d— 182 words.) 

Could I, through you, reach the ears of the toiling millions 
of our land, I would cry to you, "Shut your ears to all who 
would counsel violent disruption of present social conditions. 
Shut your ears to all eloquent incendiarisms. Rely on your- 
selves. Honor yourselves, and all men will be forced to honor 
you. Remember that every blow struck at the bidding of a 
demagogue recoils upon the striker." Recently I addressed a 
meeting held under the auspices of an organization of artisans 
whose symbol is an uplifted arm grasping in its hand a ham- 
mer. To me that hammer represented labor, and the arm that 
wielded it the capital which employs labor. Neither can exist 
without the other. Woe be to the man who would move the 
hammer to smite the arm that uses it, and woe be to the arm 
that will not recognize that without the hammer its strength 
and sinews are in vain. Remember, young men, that the inter- 
ests of labor and capital, of employer and employed, are as 
close and inseparable as a soul and body, (e — 181 words.) 

I have aimed these remarks almost wholly to young men, 
not because I deem them more deserving or more worthy of 
thought than young women, but because they need talking to. 
It is a question, of course, whether talking to a young man 
will keep him from going astray, but the chances are worth the 
effort. As to girls, they are, of course, reasonable and will 
always do just as they are told, and this is why I hesitate to 
commit them by anything I may say. There are people in the 
world who pretend to believe that the only proper thing for a 
girl to do is to get married and give a man the privilege of 
supporting her. I do not belong to this class. There is no 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. ±$1 

objection on general principles to a girl's getting married. 
The practice is noble rather than otherwise, and especially so 
as .it involves the other side, but I think it a very low concep- 
tion of matrimony that it should call for a one-sided support. 
I believe it to be the privilege of every girl to be able to sup- 
port herself so that she will never be forced to accept a hus- 
band that she does not want, nor even one that she does want 
save on equal terms, (f — 216 words.) 
No. 8.— 1126 words. 



Address at Gettysburg. 

Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth 
upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and 
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. 
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that 
nation — or any nation so conceived and so dedicated — can long 
endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We 
are met to dedicate a portion of it as the final resting-place of 
those who have given their lives that that nation might live. 
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, 
in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we 
cannot hallow, this ground. The brave men, living and dead, 
who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our power 
to add or to detract. The world will very little note, nor long 
remember, what we say here ; but it can never forget what they 
did here. It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here 
to the unfinished work that they have thus far so nobly carried 
on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task 
remaining before us; that from these honored dead we take 
increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the 
last full measure of devotion ; that we here highly resolve that 
these dead shall not have died in vain ; that the nation shall, 
under God, have a new birth of freedom, and that government 
of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish 
from the earth. — Abraham Lincoln. 

No. 9.-226 words. 



232 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

The Old Man and Death. 

A poor, disabled old man had wandered out into an adjacent 
forest one afternoon to gather a few sticks to burn, as the 
weather was quite cold. He had made up his bundle, and lay- 
ing it on his shoulders was trudging back with it ; but what with 
age and the weight of his burden, he soon grew so faint and 
weary that he sank under it ; and, seated on the ground, he 
called upon Death to appear as soon as he liked and entirely 
ease him of his troubles. Death no sooner heard him than he 
came, and demanded in thundering tones what he wanted. The 
poor old creature, who little thought Death had been so near, 
and frightened out of his wits with the encounter, answered 
him pleadingly that, as by chance he had let his bundle fall, 
and being too feeble and infirm to get it up alone, he had 
made bold to call upon him and ask him to render him a little 
assistance ; that this, indeed, was all he required at the present 
moment, and he entreated his worship would not be offended 
with him for the liberty he had taken in so doing, and he would 
undertake to get along as he was until Nature sent him to do 
her final errand. 

No. 10. — 217 words. 

Practical Education. 

The objection has been made to our old-fashioned colleges that 
they are not practical. I do not think that is an accurate state- 
ment of the objection. What I would say is, that they are practi- 
! cal with reference to two or three pursuits, but that the demands 
of the time require nine-tenths of our young men in other 
pursuits than those ; and they are not practical with reference 
to these. If a young man seeks to be an engineer in the con- 
trol of steam, or a builder of machinery, or a director of work- 
men, or wishes to qualify for one of the ten thousand pursuits 
which are opening on every side, I could not say to him that a 
college course would be his best, his most economical prepara- 
tion for that life. This has often saddened me. In this great 
hive of population there are indolent men, and needy men, and 
idle men in every sphere. But I say there is not one stout, 
temperate spadesman — not one man who comes here able to dig 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 233 

ditches, or to mine coal, or to do any kind of rude labor — who 
need stand idle and starve, if he will only go on his feet where 
the- work is to be found. He need not go far. (a — 215 words.) 

But while such is the fact with regard to mere laboring men ; 
whilst every laboring man, who is not a drunkard, who comes 
to this country with no evil passion to gratify, can surely get 
on ; while such men amount to three hundred thousand comers a 
year, and are so much addition to our productive wealth, I know 
there are to-day one thousand college graduates — some of them 
having graduated with honor at German universities — who are 
walking the stony streets of this New York, and know not how 
to earn a living. This is a condemnation of our university 
system. As a preparation for a professional life — I should 
rather say for certain pursuits in life — it may be very well ; 
but when I see, as I do see, so many men whose education 
has cost so much, find themselves totally unable with all that 
to earn a living ; not immoral men, nor drinking men, but men 
simply who cannot find places adapted to their capacities : 
when I see this I am moved to protest against a systenuof edu- 
cation which seems to me so narrow and so partial, (b — 190 
words.)— Horace Greeley. 

No. I I . — 405 words. 

A Receipt for Success. 

Mr. Nasmyth, the inventor of the steam-hammer, said : " If 
I were to try to compress into one sentence the whole of the 
experience I have had during an active and successful life, and 
offer it to young men as a rule and certain receipt for success in 
any station, it would be comprised in these words : 'Duty first! 
Pleasure second ! ' From what I have seen of young men and 
their after progress, I am satisfied that what is generally termed 
'bad fortune,' 'ill luck,' and 'misfortune,' is, in nine cases out 
of ten, simply the result of reversing the above simple maxim. 
Such experience as I have had convinces me that absence of 
success arises, in the great majority of cases, from want of self- 
denial and want of common sense. The worst of all maxims 
is ' Pleasure first ! Work and duty second ! ' " 

No. 12. — 144 words. 



234 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 



The Heart's Sorrow. 

They saw the vault covered, and the stone fixed ; then, when 
the dusk of evening had come on and not a sound disturbed 
the sacred stillness of the place ; when the bright moon poured 
in her light on tomb, and monument and pillar, wall and arch, 
and most of all, it seemed to them, upon her quiet grave; in 
that calm time when outward things and inward thoughts teem 
with assurance of immortality, and worldly hopes and fears are 
humbled in the dust before them ; then, with tranquil and sub- 
missive hearts, they turned away and left the child with God. 
Oh ! It is hard to take to heart the lesson that such deaths 
will teach ; but let no man reject it, for it is one that all must 
learn, and is a mighty, universal truth. When Death strikes 
down the innocent and young, for every fragile form from 
which he lets the panting spirit free a hundred virtues rise in 
shapes of mercy, charity and love, to walk the world and bless 
it. Of every tear that sorrowing mortals shed on such green 
graves some good is born, some gentler nature comes. In the 
destroyer's steps there spring up bright creations that defy his 
power, and his dark path becomes a way of light to Heaven. 

No. 13. — 217 words, 

Grandmother's Spectacles. 

But sometimes these optical instruments get old and dim. 
Grandmother's pair had done good work in their day. They 
were large and round, so that when she saw a thing she saw it. 
There was a crack across the upper part of the glass, for many 
a baby had made them a plaything, and all the grandchildren 
had at some time tried them on. They had sometimes been so 
dimmed with tears that she had to take them off and wipe 
them on her apron before she could see through them at all. 
Her " second-sight " had now come, and she would often let 
her glasses slip down, and then look over the top of them while 
she read. Grandmother was pleased at this return of her 
vision. Getting along so well without them, she often lost her 
spectacles. Sometimes they would lie for weeks untouched 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 235 

on the shelf in the red morocco case, the flap uplifted. She 
could now look off upon the hills, which for thirty years she 
had not been able to see from the piazza. Those were mis- 
taken who thought she had no poetry in her soul. You could 
see it in the way she put her hand under the chin of a prim- 
rose, or cultured the geranium, (a — 211 words.) 

Sitting on the piazza one warm, hazy September evening, in 
her rocking-chair, she saw a ladder of cloud set up against the 
sky, and thought how easy it would be for a spirit to climb it. 
She saw in the deep glow of the sunset a chariot of fire, drawn 
by horses of fire, and wondered who rode in it. She saw a 
vapor floating thinly away, as though it were a wing ascend- 
ing, and grandmother muttered in a low tone, " A vapor that 
appeareth for a little season, and then vanisheth away." She 
saw a hill higher than she had ever seen before on the horizon, 
and on the top of it a king's castle. The motion of the rock- 
ing-chair became slighter and slighter, until it stopped. The 
spectacles fell out of her lap. A child, hearing it, ran to pick 
them up, and cried, "Grandmother, what is the matter?" 
She answered not. She never spake again. Second-sight had 
come ! Her vision had grown better and better. What she 
could not see now was not worth seeing. Not now through a 
glass darkly ! Grandmother had no more need of spectacles ! 
(b— 191 words.)— T. De Witt Talmage. * 

No. 14. — 402 words. 



On this question of principle, while actual suffering was yet 
afar off, they (our fathers) raised their flag against a power to 
which, for purposes of foreign conquest and subjugation, Rome, 
in the height of her glory, is not to be compared — a power 
which has dotted over the surface of the whole globe with her 
possessions and military posts ; whose morning drum-beat, fol- 
lowing the sun and keeping company with the hours, circles 
the earth daily with one continuous and unbroken strain of the 
martial airs of England. — Webster, 

89 words. 



236 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

Want of Capital. 

It is, in my judgment, a vulgar error, yet a very common one, 
to suppose that a man needs capital to go to work with. I do 
not mean to say that capital is not very convenient and very 
acceptable ; but I do say that there is a prevalent mistake. If 
you were to ask the first hundred young men who should pass a 
given corner in Broadway to-morrow morning whether they 
would not like to borrow $5,000 or $10,000 and go into busi- 
ness, I apprehend that ninety of them would answer, on the 
instant, "Yes, I would like it." And yet I predict that nine- 
tenths would fail if their wish were gratified. There are a 
hundred men who know how to get money where there is one 
who knows how to take good care of it. Our young men are 
continually reaching out after the control of money before learn- 
ing, or seeking to learn, how to make that control safe to them- 
selves. It is the capacity to use money safely and wisely that 
men need, and not the money. It is not so difficult to get pos- 
session of other men's money as it is to use it in such a manner 
as to be profitable to the lender and the user. — Horace 
Greeley. 

No. 15. — 215 words. 



And, when those who have rivaled her (Athens's) greatness 
shall have shared her fate ; when civilization and knowledge 
shall have fixed their abode in distant continents ; when the 
sceptre shall have passed away from England ; when, perhaps, 
travelers from distant regions shall in vain labor to decipher 
on some mouldering pedestal the name of our proudest chief, 
shall hear savage hymns chanted to some misshapen idol over 
the ruined dome of our proudest temple, and shall see a single 
naked fisherman wash his nets in the river of the ten thousand 
masts — her influence and her glory will still survive, fresh in 
eternal youth, exempt from mutability and decay, immortal as 
the intellectual principle from which they derived their origin, 
and over which they exercise their control. — Macaulay, 

133 words. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 237 

Faith without Works. 

Elder John Stevens held a pastorate in the Free Baptist 
Church at Gardner forty years ago. Remarkable alike for sin- 
cere piety and genuine humor, the good man so tempered his 
teachings as to make them acceptable to saint and sinner. 

Riding one day along the road to West Gardner, he overtook 
an ox team that was stuck in the mud. The discouraged cattle 
had refused to pull ; and the driver, who had sworn until the 
air was blue, was preparing another string of oaths, when the 
parson stopped his horse and said : " Try prayer, my friend, try 
prayer." 

" Try it yourself," retorted the vexed teamster. 

" I will do it," said the elder, and dropped on his knees in 
the wagon. For a while he prayed around his subject as if 
afraid to touch it. (a — 134 words.) 

Gradually, however, his faith strengthened ; and in a voice 
which bade fair to arouse the neighborhood, he besought the 
owner of the cattle on a thousand hills to move the hearts and 
legs of those stubborn oxen. The prayer was unconsciously 
long, and no sooner had it ended than the impatient driver 
prepared to start his team. "Stop!" said the elder, descend- 
ing from his wagon. " As I have done the praying, I ought to 
do the driving. Hold my horse and give me a good stick." 

At that moment another ox team was seen approaching. 
" Hello, neighbor ! " the parson shouted to the new-comer, 
"lend me your cattle for a moment." 

" Hold on ! " cried the owner of the mired cart, " that is not 
fair. If you can handle this team better by praying than I can 
by swearing, do it ; but no doubling up, mind you, no doub- 
ling up." 

Elder John's robust figure was drawn up to its fullest height, 
and his voice was like the roar of the ocean as he answered : 
" My friend, the Master I serve is abundantly able to move 
this load with a single yoke of oxen or without any oxen at all, 
but when in direct answer to prayer He sends me an extra pair 
of cattle, I am going to hook them on." And he proceeded to 
do so. (b — 226 words.) 

No. 16. — 360 words, 



238 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 



Ink. 

Did you ever wonder of what ink, the article so much used in 
the world, is made ? It is composed of sulphate of iron, water, 
gum, and galls. The latter are excrescences on the trunk of the 
oak tree. These lumps are caused by little insects which bore 
through the bark of the tree and lay their eggs in the holes 
thus formed. Some of the sap of the tree forces through the 
holes and forms the knotty-looking spots, called galls. The 
blackness of the ink is caused by the union of the galls and the 
sulphate of iron. Water is added to keep the ink from being 
too black, and the gum is needed to cause the ink to adhere to 
the substance upon which the writing is done. Ink is poison- 
ous, and for that reason the habit which many people have of 
putting their pens in their mouths is exceedingly dangerous. 
If there should be a cut on the lip, and the ink should get under 
the skin, a painful sore would probably be the result. 

No. 17. — 179 words. 

By James Russell Lowell. 

Deep in the forest was a little dell, 

High overarched with the leafy sweep 
Of a broad oak, through whose gnarled roots there fell 

A slender rill that sung itself asleep. 
Where its continuous toil had scooped a well 

To please the fairy folk ; breathlessly deep 
The stillness was, save when the dreaming brook 

From its small urn a drizzly murmur shook, 
(a— 62 words.) —From " A Legend of Brittany'' 

Where'er a single slave doth pine, 
Where'er one man may help another, 
Thank God for such a birthright, brother ; 
That spot of earth is thine and mine ! 
There is the true man's birthplace grand, 
His is a world-wide fatherland ! 
(b — 40 words.) — From " The Fatherland" 

No. 18. — 102 words. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 239 

The Voyage of Life. 

Life bears us on like the stream of a mighty river. Our boat 
at first glides down the narrow channel through the playful 
murmuring of the little brook and the winding of its grassy 
borders. The trees shed their blossoms over our young heads, 
the flowers on the brink seem to offer themselves to our young 
hands, we are happy in the hope and we grasp eagerly at the 
beauties around us ; but the stream hurries us on and still our 
hands are empty. Our course in manhood is along a wider 
and deeper flood, amid objects more striking and magnificent. 
We are animated by the moving picture of enjoyment passing 
before us ; we are excited by some short-lived disappointment. 
The stream bears us on and our joys and our griefs are alike 
left behind us. We may be shipwrecked, but we cannot be de- 
layed. Whether rough or smooth, the river hastens on toward 
its home till the roar of the ocean is in our ears and the tossing 
of the waves is beneath our feet, and the land lessens from our 
eyes, and we take our leave of earth and its inhabitants, until 
of our further voyages there is no witness save the Infinite and 
the Eternal. 

No. 19. — 211 words. 

The Old Things. 

Give me the old songs, those exquisite bursts of melody 
which thrilled the lyres of the inspired poets and minstrels of 
long ago. Every note has borne on the air a tale of joy and 
rapture — of sorrow and sadness ! They tell of days gone by, 
and time hath given them a voice which speaks to us of those 
who once breathed these melodies — of what they now are, and 
what we soon shall be My heart loves those old melodies; 
may they be mine to hear till life shall end, and as I launch my 
boat upon the sea of eternity, may their echoes be wafted to my 
ear to cheer me on my passage from the scenes of earth and 
earthland ! 

Give me the old paths, where we have wandered and culled 
the flowers of love and friendship, in the days of " Auld Lang 
Syne " ; sweeter, far, the dells whose echoes have answered to 



240 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

our voices ; whose turf is not a stranger to our footsteps, and 
whose rills have in childhood's days reflected back our forms, 
and those of our merry playfellows, from whom we have been 
parted and meet no more in the old nooks we love so well, 
(a — 202 words.) 

Give me the old house, upon whose stairs we seem to hear 
light footsteps, and under whose porch a merry laugh seems to 
mingle with the winds that whistle through old trees, beneath 
whose branches lie the graves of those who once trod the halls 
and made the chamber ring with glee. 

And O ! above all, give me the old friends — hearts bound to 
mine in life's sunshiny hours, and a link so strong that all the 
storms of earth might not break it asunder — spirits congenial 
whose hearts through life have throbbed in unison with our 
own. O ! when death shall still this heart, I would not ask for 
aught more sacred to hallow my dust than the tear of an old 
friend. May my funeral dirge be chanted by the old friends I 
love so well and so fondly, who have not yet passed away to the 
spirits' bright home, (b — 152 words.) 

No. 20.— 354 words. 

The Burial Service. 

As we turned the corner to the churchyard the tolling of the 
bell began, and when we reached the church Dad got down, 
and with trembling hands led the wagon to the very steps, and 
only then was he able, at the foot of the little Greek cross, to 
give her into other hands. 

To the solemn words, " I am the resurrection and the life," we 
entered the church. Surely, I think, " The peace of God, which 
passeth all understanding," is there. The last rays of sunlight 
had touched the stained-glass windows, and the beautiful little 
edifice was all aglow with crimson and gold light. It touches 
tenderly the poor little white coffin until it was poor no longer. 
Dad it clothed in royal purple, and as he stood with folded 
arms and uplifted eyes, the figures of " Faith " and " Hope " in 
a memorial window seemed to say, " Only be thou strong and 
very courageous, for the Lord thy God is with thee." Was it 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 24 f 

prophecy or fancy, who can say ? The golden crown from an 
opposite window descended upon the silvered head of the 
white- robed priest, saint-like, with a very glory of light around 
him. (a— 200 words.) 

The choir softly sings, "Art thou weary?" but at the fifth 

stanza, 

" If I still hold closely to him, 
What hath he at last ? 
Sorrow vanquished, labor ended, 
Jordan passed," 

the notes of the little soprano died away in a sob, and we left 
the fiower-decked church and golden lights, and Sis was laid to 
rest in the peaceful little churchyard. Dad broke down once, 
and Sympathy, Dad's oldest girl, forgot all save her great sym- 
pathy for him, and raising herself on tiptoe kissed him, and as 
the last words of the benediction were pronounced a mocking- 
bird, as if to assure us that death is only seemingly sad, sang 
the wildest, gladdest song I ever heard from the throat of a 
bird ; and so we left Sis with the music of the birds, and soft 
sighing of the sweet old pines and the sound of the sobbing 
waves on the white, white beach, while Dad and his sad little 
band of mourners went away on their eight weary miles home 
in the darkening lonely night, (b — 175 words.) 
No. 21.— 375 words. 

" That old bell now is silent, 
And hush'd its iron tongue, 
But the spirit it awakened 
Still lives — forever young." 



When Freedom on her natal day 

Within her war-rocked cradle lay, 

An iron race around her stood, 

Baptized her infant born in blood ; 

And through the storm which round her swept 

Their constant ward and watching kept. 

— Whittier. 



242 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

Eating. 

Eating is such a common thing with us, happening, as it 
does, something like 1,095 times a year, that the process is 
looked upon as even less interesting than that of washing. 
To be sure, there are people who look upon eating as one of 
the greatest objects of life, and it is also true that unless we 
eat we cannot live ; but the eating referred to here is the me- 
chanical process, and not the gastronomical. To eat, with us, 
involves taking the food either with the hands or some appara- 
tus or appliance fitted for the hands, such as a knife and fork, 
using the front teeth or incisors to bite off the piece desired, 
and then masticating or grinding the food with the back or 
molar teeth. The masticated food is then dropped by way of 
the esophagus or gullet into the stomach and then acted upon 
by the various fluids of the body until digestion has been ac 
complished. (a — 160 words.) 

The process is by no means the same in every animal. That 
peculiar echnida, the sea-urchin, has five teeth in five jaws, one 
in each jaw, all the five immediately surrounding the stomach. 
The jaws have a peculiar centralized motion, all turning in- 
ward and downward so that they also act as feeders. Snails 
have teeth under their tongues — hundreds of them — but as if 
these were not enough, some of them also in their stomachs. 
The cat-fish, which among other strange things always walks 
with its head downwards, does not chew its food at all, but 
masticates it with its gizzard. So do geese, flies, ducks, and 
indeed all modern birds. Seizing their food in their beaks, they 
swallow it whole if grain or seed, and in large pieces if it be fruit 
or bread. In that condition it goes into the gizzard, which acts 
as a mill, (b — 151 words.) 

No. 22. — 311 words. 



That which made these men cannot die. The hand that 
traced the charter of Independence is, indeed, motionless ; the 
eloquent lips that sustained it are hushed ; but the lofty spirits 
that conceived, resolved, and maintained it, these cannot die. 
— Edward Everett. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 243 



New England. 

The farmers of New England have every reason to thank 
God for the conditions in which they are placed. They need 
not sigh for more genial climes nor more fertile soils ; these 
they cannot have without dreadful abatements of health and 
comfort. Of all the conditions on earth which it has been my 
lot to see or read of, I am bold to aver that I know of none 
more favorable to health, competence, and intellectual and 
moral improvement than that enjoyed by the rural population 
of New England. I despise the contempt with which some 
pretend to look down upon us, and the opprobrium which they 
have the impudence to cast upon our habits of thrift and fru- 
gality. I deem it my highest boast that I am a New England 
man and a Yankee. I do not ask to have a living without 
labor ; that would be asking for a curse instead of a blessing, 
and a boon for which I have no claim. I only ask that a living 
shall be secured to me with a reasonable labor, and this New 
England in her various departments of industry promises to all 
her children, (a — 195 words.) 

Better than all this, more than any other community in our 
country, New England is one common brotherhood linked to- 
gether by a common sympathy, a common origin, and the 
interchange of good offices. In all civil and religious blessings, 
where is the community more favored ? Where are the means 
of education more extended, the institutions of religion better 
maintained, the standard of morals higher, the public peace 
more quiet, the course of Justice more established, the courtesies 
of life more freely rendered ? While the beautiful prairies of the 
great western valley are as fertile as the banks of the Nile, and 
magnificent beyond description, I yet return to my native home 
in New England with all the warmth of a first love. Her se- 
cluded valleys, her verdant meadows, her rounded summits, 
her dense forests, her rocky mountains, her crystal lakes, her 
ocean-bound shores, her silvery streams and her gushing 
springs, — all are charming to me. Here, too, my friends and 
brethren dwell, and I am satisfied to live under her stormy 



244 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

skies, to encounter her bristling tempests, to dig in her hard 
soil, for the mind as well as the body is braced by the exposure 
and toil, (b — 198 words.) 

In the midst of what others deem evil, I see many compen- 
sations for which I look in vain to other countries and climes 
apparently more favored. In whatever direction I turn my eyes 
there is such an exuberance of blessings to those who will per- 
form their duty that it would be the height of ingratitude to 
complain and the height of folly to abandon a certain good for 
that which is, at least, uncertain and doubtful. I cling to her 
with the warmest affection of a child, and having been so long 
sheltered and nourished by her never-failing care and kindness, 
I ask only that I may find a last resting-place in the lap that 
gave me birth, (c — 1 19 words.) 

No. 23. — 512 words. 

Love of Country. 

Next to the worship of the Father of us all, the deepest and 
grandest of human emotions is the love of the land that gave 
us birth. It is an enlargement, an exaltation of all the tender- 
est and strongest sympathies of kindred and of home. In all 
centuries and climes it has lived and defied chains and dun- 
geons and racks to crush it. It has strewed the earth with its 
monuments, and has shed undying lustre on a thousand fields 
on which it has battled. Through the light of ages Ther- 
mopylae glows like some mountain peak on which the morning 
sun has risen, because twenty-three hundred years ago this 
hallowing passion touched its mural precipices and its crown- 
ing crags. It is easy, however, to be patriotic in piping times 
of peace, and in the sunny hour of prosperity, (a — 138 words.) 

It is national sorrow — it is war, with its attendant perils and 
horrors, that tests this passion, and winnows from the masses 
those who, with all their love of life, still love their country 
more. We honor commerce with its busy marts, and the work- 
shop with its patient toil and exhaustless ingenuity, but still 
we would be unfaithful to the truth of history did we not con- 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 245 

fess that the most heroic champions of human freedom and 
the most illustrious apostles of its principles have come from 
the broad fields of agriculture, (b — 91 words.) 

There seems to be something in the scenes of nature, in her 
wild and beautiful landscapes, in her cascades, and cataracts, 
and waving woodlands, and in the pure and exhilarating airs 
of her hills and mountains, that unbraces the fetters which 
man would rivet upon the spirit of his fellow man. It was at 
the handles of the plough, and amid the breathing odors of its 
newly opened furrows, that the character of Cincinnatus was 
formed, expanded and matured. It was not in the full city, 
but in the deep gorges and upon the snow-clad summits of the 
Alps, amid the eagles and the thunders, that William Tell laid 
the foundations of those altars to human liberty against which 
the surging tides of European despotism have beaten for cen- 
turies — but, thank God ! have beaten in vain, (c — 137 words.) 

It was amid the primeval forests and mountains, the lakes 
and leaping streams of our own land ; amid fields of waving 
grain ; amid the songs of the reaper and the tinkling of the 
shepherd's bell, that were nurtured those rare virtues which 
clustered, star-like, in the character of Washington, and lifted 
him, in moral stature, head and shoulders above even the 
demi-gods of ancient story, (d — 67 words.) 

No. 24. — 533 words. 



There are days which occur in this climate, at almost any 

season of the year, wherein the world reaches its perfection ; 
when the air, the heavenly bodies, and the earth make a har- 
mony, as if Nature would indulge her offspring ; when, in these 
bleak upper sides of the planet, nothing is to desire that we 
have heard of the happiest latitudes, and we bask in the shin- 
ing hours of Florida and Cuba ; when everything that has life 
gives sign of satisfaction, and the cattle that lie on the ground 
seem to have great and tranquil thoughts. — Emerson, 
96 words. 



24D LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

From Republican Platform. 

We earnestly hope that we may soon congratulate our fellow- 
citizens of Irish birth upon the peaceful recovery of home rule 
for Ireland. Free Suffrage. — We reaffirm our unswerving de- 
votion to the national Constitution and to the indissoluble 
union of the States ; to the autonomy reserved to the States 
under the Constitution , to the personal rights and liberties of 
citizens in all States and Territories in the Union, and especially 
to the supreme and sovereign right of every lawful citizen, 
rich or poor, native or foreign born, white or black, to cast 
one free ballot in public elections and to have that ballot duly 
counted, (a — 104 words.) 

We hold the free and honest public ballot and the just and 
equal representation of all the people to be the foundation of 
our republican government, and demand effective legislation 
to secure the integrity and purity of elections, which are the 
fountains of all public authority. We charge that the pres- 
ent administration and the Democratic majority in Congress 
owe their existence to the suppression of the ballot by a crim- 
\nal nullification of the Constitution and lews of the United 
States. Protection of American Industries. — We are uncom- 
promisingly in favor of the American system of protection. 
We protest against its destruction proposed by the President 
and his party. They serve the interests of Europe; we will 
support the interests of America, (b — 1 19 words.) 

No. 25. — 223 words. 

Solitude. 

In the early morning one watches the silent battle of dawn 
and darkness upon the waters of Tahoe, with a placid interest, 
but when the shadows sulk away and one by one the hidden 
beauties of the shores unfold themselves in the full splendor of 
noon, when the still surface is belted like a rainbow with broad 
bars of blue and green and white, half the distance from cir- 
cumference to center; when in the lazy summer afternoons he 
lies in a boat far out where the dead blue of the deep water be- 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 247 

gins, and smokes the pipe of peace and idly winks at the distant 
crags and patches of snow from under his cap brim ; when the 
boat drifts shoreward on the white waters and he lolls over the 
gunwale and gazes about or down through the crystal depths, 
and notes the colors of the pebbles and views the finny armies 
gliding in procession a hundred feet below; when at last he 
sees moon and stars, mountain ridges feathered with pines, 
jutting whitecaps, bold promontories, grand sweeps of rugged 
scenery topped with bold glimmering peaks, all magnificently 
pictured in the polished mirror of the lake in richest, softest 
detail, the tranquil interest that was born with the morning 
deepens and deepens by surer degrees till it culminates at last 
in resistless fascination. It is solitude, — for birds and squirrels 
on shore and fishes in the water are all the creatures that are 
near to make it otherwise ; but it is not the sort of solitude to 
make one weary.— Mark Twain. 
No. 26.-259 words. 

Government Procedure. 

When Congress authorizes a payment for any purpose the 
Secretary promptly advises the Registrar thereof and directs 
him to make an entry of the amount on his books under the 
proper heading, that it may be drawn against as needed. This 
done, the treasury is ready to pay any claimant the sum due 
him out of that appropriation, and if the Comptroller has re- 
ceived from the Auditor, approved in proper form, a claim 
made thereon, he will, if he sees no objection to paying it, ask 
the Secretary to issue his warrant upon the Treasurer in favor 
of the claimant for the amount stated. A warrant will conse- 
quently issue, but it will first go to the Comptroller, that he 
may minute on it the account, then to the Registrar who will 
charge the amount to the claimant and to the proper appro- 
priation, enter it in the general amount of expenditures under 
the proper classification, then send it to the Treasurer, who will 
pay it to the claimant, as directed, obtaining his receipt 
therefor. 

No. 27.— 173 words, 



248 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

The Relations of Politics and Letters. 

There is one general relation common to all departments of 
politics and letters. It is found in the circumstance that a 
country's institutions and thoughts are alike colored by the 
mental characteristics of its people. Between the laws and the 
literary art of Greece existed an almost perfect c rrespondence. 
Both were pure, vigorous, wieldy ; possessed of unlimited grasp 
and power of adaptation. Rome's literature was the counterpart 
of her massive jurisprudence and all-embracing polity. The 
tramp of her lictors bearing the emblems of the state echoes in 
the periods of her orators and swells in the measured cadence 
of her poets and historians. The restless spirit of Gallic poli- 
tics is reflected in the fickleness, brilliancy and frivolity of 
Gallic letters ; and the government and writings of England are 
united in the common bond of their composite natures. 
No. 28.— 137 words. Edgar A. Enos. 

The Minute Men of '75. 

We are fortunate that we behold this day. The heavens 
bend benignly over us, the earth blossoms with renewed life, 
and our hearts beat joyfully together with one emotion of filial 
gratitude and patriotic exultation. Citizens of a great, free, and 
prosperous country, we come hither to honor the men, our 
fathers, who on this spot and upon this day, a hundred years 
ago, struck the first blow in the contest which made the coun- 
try independent. Here, beneath the hills they trod, by the 
peaceful river on whose shores they dwelt, amidst the fields 
that they sowed and reaped, proudly recalling their virtue and 
their valor, we come to tell their story, to try ourselves by their 
lofty standard, to know if we are their worthy children ; and, 
standing reverently where they stood, and fought and died, to 
swear before God and each other, in the words of him upon 
whom, in our day, the spirit of the revolutionary fathers visi- 
bly descended, " that the government of the people, by the 
people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth ! " 

(a — 180 words.) 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 249 

This ancient town, with its neighbors who share its glory, 
has never failed fitly to commemorate this great day of its his- 
tory. Fifty years ago, while some soldiers of the Concord fight 
were yet living — twenty-five years ago, while still a few vener- 
able survivors lingered — with prayer, and eloquence, and song, 
you renewed the pious vow. (b — 57 words.) 

No. 29.-237 words. 

No, Cassius, no; think not, thou noble Roman, 
That ever Brutus will go bound to Rome ; 
He bears too great a mind. But this same day 
Must end that work, the ides of March began ; 
And whether we shall meet again, I know not, 
Therefore our everlasting farewell take : — 
For ever, and for ever, farewell, Cassius ! 
If we do meet again, why, we shall smile ; 
If not, why then this parting was well made. 
No. 30.— 74 words. —Shakespeare. 

Music in Nature. 

There is no accident of nature's causing which can bring 
discord. The loosened rock may fall into the abyss and the 
overblown tree rush down through the branches of the wood, 
and the thunder peal awfully across the sky, and sudden and 
violent as these changes seem, their tumult goes up with the 
sound of the wind and waters and the exquisite ear of the 
musician can detect no jar. I have read somewhere of a cus- 
tom in the Highlands which, in connection with the principle 
it involves, is exceedingly beautiful. It is believed that to the 
ear of the dying, which just before death always becomes ex- 
quisitely acute, the perfect harmony of the voices of nature is 
so ravishing as to make him forget his suffering and die gently, 
like one in a pleasant trance, (a — 136 words.) 

And so when the last moment approaches they take him 
from the close dwelling and bear him out into the open sky 
that he may hear the familiar rushing of the streams. I can 
believe that it is not superstition. I do not think we know how 



250 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

exquisitely nature's many voices are attuned to harmony and 
to each other. The old philosopher we read of might not have 
been dreaming when he discovered that the order of the sky 
was like a score of written music and that two stars, which are 
said to have appeared since his death, were wanting to com- 
plete the harmony. It is natural for us to suppose that every 
part of the universe is perfect, and it is a glorious and ele- 
vating thought that the stars of heaven are moving on con- 
tinuously to music, and the sounds we daily listen to are but 
part of the melody, (b — 151 words.) 
No 31. — 287 words. 

No Fear of Death. 

My friends : I know how vain it is to gild a grief with 
words, and yet I wish to take from every grave its fear. Here, 
in this world, where life and death are equal kings, all should 
be brave enough to meet what all the dead have met. The 
future has been filled with fear, stained and polluted by the 
heartless past. From the wondrous tree of life the buds and 
blossoms fall with ripened fruit, and in the common bed of 
earth the patriarchs and babes sleep side by side. Why should 
we fear that which will come to all that is ? We cannot tell, 
we do not know, which is the greater blessing — life or death. 
We cannot say that death is not a good. We do not know 
whether the night here is not somewhere else a dawn. Neither 
can we tell which is the more fortunate — the child dying in its 
mother's arms before its lips have learned to fonn a word, or 
he who journeys all the length of life's uneven road, painfully 
taking the last slow steps with staff and crutch. Every cradle 
asks us "Whence?" and every coffin "Whither?" (a — 198 
words.) 

No man, standing where the horizon of a human life has 
touched a grave, has any right to prophesy a future filled with 
pain and tears. It may be that death gives all there is of 
worth to life. If those we press and strain against our hearts 
could never die, perhaps that love would wither from the 
earth. May be this common fate treads from out the paths 



Literary selections. 251 

between our hearts the weeds of selfishness and hate, and I 
had rather live and love where death is king than have eternal 
life where love is not. Another life is naught unless we know 
and love again the ones who love us here. They who stand 
with breaking hearts around this little grave need have no fear. 
The larger and the nobler faith in all that is and is to be, tells 
us that death, even at its worst, is only perfect rest. We know 
that through the common wants of life — the needs and duties 
of each hour — their grief will lessen day by day, until at last 
this grave will be to them a place of rest and peace — almost a 
joy. There is for them this consolation : the dead do not 
suffer. If they live again, their lives will be surely as good as 
ours. We have no fear. We are children of the same mother, 
and the same fate awaits us all. We, too, have our religion, 
and it is this : Help for the living, — Hope for the dead, 
(b — 253 words.) — Robert G. Ingersoll. 
No. 32.— 451 words. 

Reform in Trade. 

I have said that the public is all the time blindly, uncon- 
sciously seeking new economies — seeking to have its buying 
and selling done by fewer hands or at a smaller expense. Thus 
we have seen in our day that, though the number of traders 
increases, yet the increase bears no proportion to the develop- 
ment of trade itself. The dry-goods store, which was a box a 
little more than a hundred years ago, has become a palace ; 
and the merchant, the wholesale merchant, who does less than a 
million of dollars a year of trade is counted a small affair, where 
a hundred thousand would have been large a few years ago. 
Now, we have in our grain elevators and all the machinery 
of commerce new and gigantic appliances adapted to the new 
demand, or new consciousness of demand. Yet this process of 
concentration is barely begun. I heard the other day that a 
young man had a new thought with regard to the flour trade. 
He has determined to send to every mechanic's, or every labor- 
ing man's, or every man's door a barrel of flour at wholesale 
price ; that is to say, to bring himself into a relation with the 



2$2 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

producers and the consumers of flour which shall cut off a 
platoon of middlemen, and, while giving him but a very small 
profit on each barrel of flour, will yield a large profit on the 
annual sale of a hundred thousand barrels of flour. And this 
is one of the ideas which, in some hands, will yet be rendered 
fi uitful. 

No. 33.—262 words. 

An Appeal to Arms. 

Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illu- 
sion of hope. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful 
truth and listen to the song of that siren until she transforms 
us into beasts. Is this the part of wise men engaged in a great 
and arduous struggle for liberty ? Are we disposed to be of the 
number of those who, having eyes, see not, and having ears, 
hear not the things which so nearly concern their temporal sal- 
vation ? For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I 
am willing to know the whole truth, to know the worst, and 
to provide for it. (a — m words.) 

I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that 
is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the 
future but by the past. And, judging by the past, I wish to 
know what there has been in the conduct of the British minis- 
try for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which gen- 
tlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the house ? 
Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been 
lately received? Trust it not, sir; it will prove a snare to your 
feet. Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss, (b — 108 
words.) 

Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of our petition 
comports with those warlike preparations which cover our 
waters and darken our land. Are fleets and armies necessary 
to a work of love and reconciliation ? Have we shown our- 
selves so unwilling to be reconciled that force must be called in 
to win back our love ? Let us not deceive ourselves, sir. These 
are the implements of war and subjugation — the last arguments 
to which kings resort. I ask these gentlemen, sir, what means 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 2$$ 

this martial array, if its purpose be not to force us to submis- 
sion ? Can gentlemen assign any other possible motive for it ? 
Has Great Britain any enemy in this quarter of the world to 
call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? (c — 125 
words.) 

No, sir ; she has none. They are meant for us — they can be 
meant for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet 
upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so 
long forging. And what have we to oppose to them ? Shall 
we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last 
ten years. Have we anything new to offer upon the subject ? 
Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which 
it is capable, but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to en- 
treaty and humble supplication? What terms shall we find 
which have not been already exhausted ? Let us not, I beseech 
you, sir, deceive ourselves longer, (d — 121 words.) 

Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the 
storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned ; we have 
remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves 
before the throne and have implored its interposition to arrest 
the tyrannical hands of the ministry and the Parliament. Our 
petitions have been slighted, our remonstrances have produced 
additional violence and insult, our supplications have been dis- 
regarded, and we have been spurned with contempt from the 
foot of the throne ! (e — 81 words.) 

In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of 
peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for 
hope. If we wish to be free — if we mean to preserve inviolate 
those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long 
contending — if we mean not basely to abandon the noble 
struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which we 
have pledged ourselves never to abandon until the glorious 
object of our contest shall be obtained — we must fight ! I re- 
peat it, sir — we must fight. An appeal to arms and to the God 
of Hosts is all that is left us ! (f — 109 words.) 

No. 34.-655 words. 



254 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

Power of the Sun. 

As surely as the force which moves the clock's hands is de- 
rived from the arm which winds up the clock, so surely is all 
terrestrial power drawn from the sun. Leaving out of account 
the eruption of volcanoes and the ebb and flow of the tides, 
every mechanical action on the earth's surface, every manifesta- 
tion of power, organic or inorganic, vital and physical, is pro- 
duced by the sun. His warmth keeps the sea liquid and the 
atmosphere a gas, and all the storms which agitate both are 
blown by the mechanical force of the sun. He lifts the river 
and the glacier up to the mountains, and thus the cataract and 
the avalanche shoot with an energy derived immediately from 
him. Thunder and lightning are also his transmitted strength. 
(a — 130 words.) 

Every fire that burns and every flame that glows dispenses 
light and heat which originally belonged to the sun. In these 
days, unhappily, the news of battle is familiar to us, but every 
shock and every charge is an application or misapplication of the 
mechanical force of the sun. He blows the trumpet, he urges 
the projectile, he bursts the bomb ; and remember this is 
not poetry but rigid mechanical truth. He rears, as I have 
said, the whole vegetable world and through it the animal. 
The lilies of the field are his workmanship; the verdure of the 
meadows and the cattle upon a thousand hills; he forms the 
muscles, he urges the blood, he builds the brain. His fleet- 
ness is in the llama's foot, he springs in the panther, he soars 
in the eagle, he slides in the snake. He builds the forest and 
hews it down, the power which raised the tree and which 
wields the axe being one and the same, (b — 160 words.) 

No. 35. — 290 words. Tyndall. 



One gun loaded with an idea is more fatal than the muskets 
of a whole regiment. A bullet kills a tyrant, but an idea kills 
tyranny. What chance have a thousand men fighting for six- 
pence a day against a hundred fighting for life and liberty, for 
home and native land ? — G. W. Curtis. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 255 



The Bell. 

IN some strange land and time — for so the story runs — they 
were about to found a bell for a midnight tower — a hollow, 
starless heaven of iron. It should toll for dead monarchs, 
"The king is dead," and make a glad clamor for the new 
prince, "Long live the king." It should proclaim so great a 
passion or so grand a pride that either would be worship, or, 
wanting these, forever hold its peace. Now, this bell was not 
to be dug out of the cold mountains; it was to be made of 
something that had been warmed by a human touch and loved 
with a human love ; and so the people came, like pilgrims to a 
shrine, and cast their offerings into the furnace and went away. 
There were links of chains that bondsmen had worn bright, and 
fragments of swords that had broken in heroes' hands ; there 
were crosses and rings and bracelets of fine gold ; trinkets of 
silver and toys of poor red copper. They even brought things 
that were licked up in an instant by the red tongues of flame, 
good words they had written and flowers they had cherished, 
perishable things that could never be heard in the rich tone 
and volume of the bell, (a — 212 words.) 

And, by and by, the bell was alone in its chamber, and its 
four windows looked forth to the four quarters of heaven. For 
many a day it hung dumb. The winds came and went, but they 
only set it sighing; the birds came and sang under its eaves, 
but it was an iron horizon of dead melody still ; all the meaner 
strifes and passions of men rippled on below it ; they outgroped 
the ants and outwrought the bees and outwatched the shep- 
herds of Chaldea, but the chambers of the bell were as dumb 
as the cave of Macpelah. 

At last there came a time when men grew grand for right 
and truth, and stood shoulder to shoulder over all the land, and 
went down like reapers to the harvest of death ; looked in the 
graves of them that slept, and believed there was something 
grander than living ; glanced on into the far future, and dis- 
covered there was something bitterer than dying; and so, 
standing between the quick and the dead, they acquitted them- 



2$6 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

selves like men. Then the bell awoke in its chamber, and the 
great waves of its music rolled gloriously out and broke along 
the blue walls of the world like an anthem ; and every tone in 
it was familiar as a household word to somebody, and he heard 
it and knew it with a solemn joy. Poured into that fiery heart 
together, the humblest gifts were blent in one great wealth, and 
accents, feeble as a sparrow's song, grew eloquent and strong ; 
and lo ! a people's stately soul heaved on the waves of a mighty 
voice, (b — 270 words.) 

We thank God, in this our day, for the furnace and the fire ; 
for the offerings of gold, and the trinkets of silver, and the 
broken links of iron ; for the good sword and the true word ; 
for the great triumph and the little song. We thank God for 
the loyal Ruths, who have taken up the words of their elder 
sister and said to the Naomi of a latter time, "Where thou 
goest I will go ; thy people shall be my people, and thy God 
my God." By the memory of the Ramah, into which rebellion 
has turned the land ; for the love of the Rachels now lamenting 
within it ; for the honor of heaven, and the hope of mankind, 
let us who stand here — past and present, clasping hands over 
our heads, the broad age dwindled to a line beneath our feet, 
and bridged over with the graves of dead martyrs — let us de- 
clare before God and these witnesses : 

" We will finish the work that the fathers began." 

(c— 169 words.)— Bayard F. Taylor. 
No. 36. — 651 words. 



And what were the women of the United States in the strug- 
gle of the Revolution ? When the soldiers were destitute of 
clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come ? 
From the hearts where patriotism erects her favorite shrine, 
and from the hand which is seldom withdrawn when the soldier 
is in need. The voice of our history speaks trumpet-tongued 
of the daring and intrepid spirit of patriotism burning in the 
bosoms of the women of that day. — John Quincy Adams. 

81 words. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 2$? 



School Revisited. 

The old school is there still, with the high cupola upon it, 
and the long galleries, with the sleeping-rooms opening out on 
either side, and the corner one where I slept. But the boys 
are not there, nor the old teachers. They have ploughed up 
the playground to plant corn ; and the apple-tree with the low 
limb, that made our gymnasium, is cut down. 

I was there only a little time ago. It was on a Sunday. 
One of the old houses of the village had been fashioned into 
an inn, and it was there I stopped. But I strolled by the old 
tavern, and looked into the bar-room, where I used to gaze 
with wonder upon the enormous pictures of wild animals, 
which heralded some coming menagerie. There was just such 
a picture hanging there still, and two or three advertisements 
of sheriffs, and a little bill of a "horse stolen," and, as I 
thought, the same brown pitcher on the edge of the bar. I 
was sure it was the same great wood-box that stood by the fire- 
place, and the same whip and great-coat seemed to me to be 
hanging in the corner, (a — 203 words.) 

I was not in so gay a costume as I once thought I would be 
wearing when a man ; I had nothing better than a rusty shoot- 
ing-jacket. But even with this I was determined to have a 
look about the church and see if I could trace any of the faces 
of old times. They had sadly altered the building ; they had 
cut out its long galleries and its old-fashioned square pews and 
filled it with narrow boxes, as they do in the city. The pulpit 
was not so high or grand, and it was covered over with the 
work of the cabinet-makers. 

I missed, too, the old preacher whom we all feared so much, 
and in place of him was a jaunty-looking man, whom I thought 
I would not be at all afraid to speak to, or, if need be, to slap 
on the shoulder. And when I did meet him after church I 
looked him in the eye as boldly as a lion. What a change was 
that from the school days! (b — 176 words). — Ik Marvel, 
from " Reveries of a Bachelor." 

No. 37.-379 words. 



258 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

A Shipwreck. 

The most beautiful and affecting incident I know, associated 
with a shipwreck, succeeds this dismal story for a winter night. 
The Grosvenor, East Indiaman homeward bound, goes ashore 
on the coast of Caffraria. It is resolved that the officers, pas- 
sengers, and crew, in number one hundred and thirty-five souls, 
shall endeavor to penetrate on foot, across trackless deserts, in- 
fested by wild beasts and cruel savages, to the Dutch settle- 
ments at the Cape of Good Hope. With this forlorn object 
before them, they finally separate into two parties — nevermore 
to meet on earth. 

There is a solitary child among the passengers— a little boy 
of seven years old, who has no relation there — and when the 
first party is moving away he cries after some member of it, 
who has been kind to him. The crying of a child might be 
supposed to be a little thing to men in such great extremity ; 
but it touches them, and he is immediately taken into the de- 
tachment, (a — 165 words.) 

From which time forth this child is sublimely made a sacred 
charge. He is pushed on a little raft, across broad rivers, by 
the swimming sailors ; they carry him by turns through the 
deep sand and long grass, he patiently walking at all other 
times ; they share with him such putrid fish as they find to eat ; 
they lie down and wait for him when the rough carpenter, who 
becomes his especial friend, lags behind. Beset by lions and 
tigers, by savages, by thirst, by hunger, by death in a crowd of 
ghastly shapes, they never — O Father of all mankind ! Thy 
name be blessed for it ! — forget the child. The captain stops 
exhausted, and his faithful coxswain goes back and is seen to 
sit down by his side, and neither of the two shall be any more 
beheld until the great last day ; but as the rest go on for their 
lives they take the child with them. The carpenter dies of 
poisonous berries, eaten in starvation ; and the steward, sue 
ceeding to the command of the party, succeeds to the sacred 
guardianship of the child, (b — 186 words.) 

God knows all he does for the poor baby ; how he cheerfully 
carries him in his arms when he himself is weak and ill ; how 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 259 

he feeds him when he himself is griped with want ; how he folds 
his ragged jacket around him, lays his little worn face with a 
woman's tenderness upon his sunburnt breast, soothes him in 
his sufferings, sings to him as he limps along, unmindful of his 
own parched and bleeding feet. Divided for a few days from 
the rest, they dig a grave in the sand and bury their good 
friend the cooper— these two companions alone in the wilder- 
ness — and then the time comes when they both are ill and beg 
their wretched partners in despair, reduced and few in number 
now, to wait by them one day. They wait by them one day ; 
they wait by them two days. On the morning of the third they 
move very softly about in making their preparations for the re- 
sumption of their journey, for the child is sleeping by the fire, 
and it is agreed with one consent that he shall not be disturbed 
until the last moment. The moment comes, the fire is dying, 
and the child is dead, (c— 204 words.) 

His faithful friend, the steward, lingers but a little while be- 
hind him. His grief is great, he staggers on for a few days, lies 
down in the desert, and dies. But he shall be reunited in his 
immortal spirit — who can doubt it ? — with the child, where he 
and the poor carpenter shall be raised up with the words : " In- 
asmuch as ye have done it unto the least of these, ye have 
done it unto Me." 

As I recall the dispersal and disappearance of nearly all the 
participators in this once famous shipwreck (a mere handful 
being recovered at last), and the legends that were long after- 
wards revived from time to time among the English officers at 
the Cape, of a white woman with an infant, said to have been 
seen weeping outside a savage hut far in the interior, who was 
whisperingly associated with the remembrance of the missing 
women saved from the wrecked vessel, and who was often 
sought, but never found, thoughts of another kind of travel 
come into my mind. 

Thoughts of a voyager unexpectedly summoned from home, 
who traveled a vast distance, and could never return. Thoughts 
of this unhappy wayfarer in the depths of his sorrow, in the 
bitterness of his anguish , in the helplessness of his self-re- 



26o LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

proach, in the desperation of his desire to set right what he 
had left wrong, and do what he had left undone, (d — 236 
words.) 

For there were many, many things he had neglected ; little 
matters while he was at home and surrounded by them, but 
things of mighty moment when he was at an immeasurable dis- 
tance. There were many, many blessings that he had inade- 
quately felt ; there were many trivial injuries that he had not 
forgiven ; there was love that he had poorly returned ; there 
was friendship that he had too lightly prized ; there were a 
million kind words that he might have spoken ; a million kind 
looks that he might have given ; uncountable slight, easy deeds 
in which he might have been most truly great and good. " Oh, 
for a day ! " he would exclaim, " but for one day to make 
amends ! " But the sun never shone upon that happy day, and 
out of his remote captivity he never came. 

Why does this traveler's fate obscure, on New-Year's eve, 
the other histories of travelers with which my mind was filled 
but now, and cast a solemn shadow over me? Must I one day 
make this journey ? Even so. Who shall say that I may not 
then be tortured by such late regrets — that I may not then look 
from my exile on my empty place and undone work ? I stand 
upon the seashore, where the waves are years. They break and 
fall, and I may little heed them ; but with every wave the sea 
is rising, and I know that it will float me on this traveler's 
voyage at last, (e — 248 words.) 

No. 38. — 1,039 words. 



Good name in man and woman, dear my lord, 
Is the immediate jewel of their souls. 
Who steals my purse steals trash ; 'tis something, nothing 
'Twas mine, 'tis his, and has been slave to thousands : 
But he that filches from me my good name 
Robs me of that which not enriches him, 
And makes me poor indeed, —SHAKESPEARE, 

55 words, 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 26 1 

Extract from Lord Chatham's Speech on the 
Impossibility of Conquering America. 

My Lords, it has been usual on similar occasions of difficulty 
and distress for the Crown to make application to this House, 
the great hereditary council of the nation, for advice and as- 
sistance. As it is the right of Parliament to give, so it is the 
duty of the Crown to ask it. 

But on this day, and in this extremely momentous exigency, 
no reliance is reposed on your councils, no advice is asked of 
Parliament ; but the Crown, from itself, and by itself, declares 
an unalterable determination to pursue its own preconcerted 
measures. And what measures, my Lords ? Measures which 
have produced hitherto nothing but disappointments and de- 
feats. I cannot, my Lords — I will not join in congratulations 
on misfortune and disgrace. 

This, my Lords, is a perilous and tremendous moment. It is 
not a time for adulation; the smoothness of flattery cannot 
save us in this rugged and awful crisis, (a — 152 words.) 

It is now necessary to instruct the throne in the language of 
truth. We must, if possible, dispel the darkness and delusion 
which envelop it, and display in its full danger and genuine 
colors the ruin which is brought to our doors. 

Can ministers still presume to expect support in their infatu- 
ation ? Can Parliament be so dead to its dignity and duty as 
to give its support to measures thus obtruded and forced upon 
it ? Measures, my Lords, which have reduced this great and 
flourishing empire to scorn and contempt. But yesterday, " and 
England might have stood against the world : now, none so 
poor to do her reverence." The people whom we at first de- 
spised as rebels, but whom we now acknowledge as enemies, are 
abetted against you, supplied with every military store, their 
interest consulted, and their ambassadors entertained by your 
inveterate enemy, and our ministers do not and dare not inter- 
pose with dignity and effect, (b — 158 words.) 

The desperate state of our army abroad is in part known. 
No man more highly esteems and honors the English troops 



262 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

than I do. I know their virtues and their valor ; I know they 
can achieve anything except impossibilities ; and I know that 
the conquest of English America is an impossibility. You can- 
not, my Lords, — you cannot conquer America. 

What is your present situation there ? We do not know the 
worst, but we know that in three campaigns we have done 
nothing and suffered much. 

You may swell every expense and strain every effort, accu- 
mulate every assistance, and extend your traffic to the shambles 
of every German despot ; your attempts for ever will be vain 
and impotent ; doubly so, indeed, from this mercenary aid on 
which you rely, for it irritates to an incurable resentment the 
minds of your adversaries to overrun them with the mercenary 
sons of rapine and plunder, devoting them and their posses- 
sions to the rapacity of hireling cruelty. 

If I were an American as I am an Englishman, while a for- 
eign troop remained in my country I never would lay down my 
arms — never, never, NEVER ! (c — 190 words.) 

No. 39. — 500 words. 

The Lessons of the Sky. 

It is a strange thing how little, in general, people know about 
the sky. The noblest scenes of the earth can be seen and 
known but by few, but the sky is for all ; bright as it is, it is 
" not too bright nor good for human nature's daily food " ; it is 
fitted in all its functions for the perpetual comfort and exalting 
of the heart, for soothing it and purifying it from dross and 
dust. Sometimes gentle, sometimes capricious, sometimes aw- 
ful, never the same for two moments together, almost human 
in its passions, almost spiritual in its tenderness, almost divine 
in its infinity, — its appeal to what is immortal in us is as dis- 
tinct as its ministry of chastisement or of blessing to what is 
mortal or essential, (a — 129 words.) 

And yet we never attend to it, we never make it a subject of 
thought, but as it has to do with our animal sensations. If, in 
our moments of utter idleness and insipidity, we turn to the 
sky as a last resource, which of its phenomena do we speak of? 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 263 

One says it has been wet : and another, it has been windy ; and 
another, it has been warm. Who among the whole chattering 
crowd can tell me of the forms and the precipices of the chain 
of tall white mountains that girded the horizon at noon yester- 
day ? Who saw the narrow sunbeam that came out of the 
south and smote upon their summits until they melted and 
moldered away in a dust of blue rain ? Who saw the dance 01 
the dead clouds when the sunlight left them last night, and the 
west wind blew them before it like withered leaves ? 

All has passed unregretted or unseen, or if the apathy be 
ever shaken off, even for an instant, it is only by what is extra- 
ordinary. And yet it is not in the broad and fierce manifesta- 
tions of the elemental energies, not in the clash of the hail nor 
the drift of the whirlwind, that the highest characters of the 
sublime are developed. God is not always so eloquent in the 
earthquake, nor in the fire, as in " the still, small voice." They 
are but the blunt and the low faculties of our nature which can 
only be addressed through lampblack and lightning, (b — 245 
words.) 

No. 40.— 374 words. 

Work and Patience. 

[Rev. Dr. Collyer has the rare faculty of saying just the right thing in the right 
place, and his utterances are typical specimens of simple and concise English. The 
following selection from an address, delivered by him before the Stenographers' 
Association of the City of New York, is a good illustration of this.] 

Shall I go on to say that I think this hard pan is found 
again in a certain quality of patience, through which we can 
work right on, and wait for the time when we shall begin to 
see the good of it all, whether that comes soon or late ? It is 
a vice of our time and country that we so seldom work on 
long lines, but want to reap our harvest the week after we have 
sown our seed, and forever nourish the notion that if we fail 
to catch one thing on the wing we shall succeed with another. 
But is this not the truth, that success means what the good 
apostle calls patient continuance in well doing? Nor should 
we ever say of a man who has done well, " It is more by good 



264 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

luck than good management." Good luck is good management. 
Take the most successful men in this city, who have lived out 
their life, and that is what you are sure to find, that they were 
men of a vast patience with what they took in hand, and a vast 
endurance, (a— 188 words.) 

A. T. Stewart was one of these men ; his superb business 
was the creation of his whole manhood, and was built up pa- 
tiently as a bee builds its cell, and then stores it with honey. 
He was the life of his enormous business to the minutest point, 
and it was his life to do his great stint every day ; and now 
that he is dead and gone, no man living and working at the 
business in his name is so intensely alive in that great store as 
A. T. Stewart. His presence still pervades and his spirit still 
inspires all that is best in the concern. Commodore Vanderbilt 
was another of these patient men who work at things through 
a lifetime, and turn them all to account through steady 
striving; yes, and draw their life at last from what they do. 
" I have such and such things to do," he said to my friend, Mr. 
Ogden, when he was quite an old man, " and when I get them 
done, if lean find no other big job to do, I shall die ;" and 
this, I believe, was about the truth of the old man's end. (b — 
195 words.) 

That is a very touching story to me of the young man who 
went to see Charles Dickens to show him some drawings, and 
see if he might not illustrate the great novelist's books. He 
went away disappointed and sad, I suppose, but not to sit down 
and fold his hands. He wrote for the magazines ; did anything 
he could do, with pen and pencil, patiently and persistently. 
At last he felt his time had come to do something better- 
wrote that wonderful book, " Vanity Fair," and from that day 
Thackeray divided the kingdom with the man who had kindly 
refused his drawings. So George Eliot did journey-work for 
the booksellers for many a year, translating from the German, 
working and reviewing anything she could do, patiently wait- 
ing, (c — 130 words.) 

I give you credit for a sweet and wholesome bringing up in 
the good old home, and bid you see to it you do not give up 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 265 

your birthright. I bid you do at all costs what you can do best, 
let it be rough work or fine, to hold on with patience and work 
on long lines, to take care of your health and not barter it 
away for learning, or use it up in folly, and to lay up grand 
reserves of power of character, and of all that makes a man, 
for the days which will surely come to search you to the very 
marrow of your bones and the centre of your soul. Then, 
when you also come to these solemn searchings of life and 
time, you need not fear. It will be with you as it was with one 
of our citizens, who was minister to London. When our bonds 
were in debate, an old merchant went to see him about them, 
and then went back to his committee and said : " Gentlemen, 
it is all right ; I move we take them ; the American Min- 
ister says they are good, and I see a hundred cents on the 
dollar written all over his face." (d — 207 words.) 

But fail here, disregard such lessons, take the drift down, 
and it shall come to pass as the years come and go, that this 
record of the evil and sin of them shall write itself over the 
fair, sweet lines I see as I look at you, and hide them ah away ; 
and it may be then with you as a friend told me it was with 
one whom Mr. Lincoln met one day, as they were walking 
together in Washington. He took one swift, keen look at the 
man as he passed, and then whispered to my friend, " If the 
Almighty writes a good hand, that man is a scamp." (e — 11 1 
words.) 

No. 41. — 831 words. 

New Haven. 

Leaving New York by the New York, New Haven and Hart- 
ford Railroad, we found ourselves, at the end of three hours' 
ride, in New Haven, the beautiful " City of Elms." 

Everything here bears the impress of New England, with the 
special peculiarities of Connecticut, land of smart sayings and 
of the proverbial wooden nutmegs and oak hams. Stepping 
from the cars, my ears were first saluted by the salutations of 
two genial Yankees, one of whom, I inferred from the conver- 
sation, had just arrived from Bridgeport, and the other at the 



266 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

depot had awaited his coming. Compliments were passed by 
the latter, who saluted his friend with : 

" Well, old boy, where have you been all summer ? I see 
you have got your dust full of eyes." 

The reply to this salute was in entire harmony with the inter- 
rogation, and both walked away from the station, amusing each 
other with odd maxims and witty retorts. 

It being our intention to remain several weeks in New Haven, 
we decided to take up our abode at a private house, and with 
this object in view we started in pursuit of suitable accommo- 
dations. It was soon discovered that in the matter of board 
we were competing with " Old Yale," students always being 
preferred, owing to the prospect of permanency. 

A reconnoisance of several hours, during which we saw more 
stately elms than I ever expect to see again in so short a period, 
brought us to 66 Chapel Street, where we were pleasantly lodged, 
with an excellent table, and favored with a Yankee landlord 
from the classic banks of the Rhine, (a — 269 words.) 

Universal quiet on the streets, and an inexhaustible supply 
of brown bread and beans at the breakfast-table, was an unmis- 
takable evidence that we had reached a New England Sunday. 
After breakfast, the weather being fine, I was invited to accom- 
pany some young gentlemen in a sail down the harbor. Being 
uncertain as to the propriety of such a proceeding on the 
seventh day, I was promptly assured that the Blue Laws of 
Connecticut would not be outraged in case I had taken a gen- 
erous ration of brown bread and beans before starting. 

A ride of half an hour, with but little wind in our sails, car- 
ried us down through the oyster-beds to a point nearly oppo- 
site the lighthouse at the mouth of the harbor. A novel sight, 
in my judgment, is a multitude of oyster plantations staked out 
in such a manner as to show the proprietor of each particular 
section his exact limit or boundary. 

To those of my readers who are familiar with hop-growing 
regions, I would say that an oyster farm is not unlike a hop 
field which seems to have been suddenly inundated by water, 
leaving only the tops of the poles above the surface. Oyster 



LITERARY SELECTIONS, 267 

raising is one of the leading features of New Haven enterprise, 
and the Fair Haven oysters, in particular, are regarded among 
the best that are cultivated on the Atlantic coast. On our 
return trip up the harbor the tide was going out, and as the 
water was extremely shallow in many places and also very clear, 
we could see oysters and their less palatable neighbors, clams, 
in abundance. I was strongly tempted to make substantial pre- 
paration for an oyster dinner, but on being informed that such 
a course would be equivalent to staking out claims in a strange 
watermelon-patch, I concluded to desist, and contented myself 
with seeing more oysters in half an hour than I had seen in all 
my life before, (b — 329 words.) 

Capt. Willard Glazier. 
No. 42.-598 words. 

Physical Development. 

Ladies and Gentlemen: When Corotto's masterpiece of 
painting, " The Three Archangels," at Verona, was criticised 
because the limbs of the angels were too slender, Corotto said, 
" Then they will fly all the better." And " earthly angels," 
says Colonel Higginson, " have been flying to heaven for the 
same reason ever since, and they commonly have flown very 
early." 

From the time of St. Jerome, who declared that the duty of 
a monk was not to teach, but to weep, and who describes him- 
self as "weak of digestion, his skin squalid, and his bones as 
scarcely holding together," down to the beginning of the pres- 
ent decade, a vigorous constitution and exuberant health have 
always been considered inconsistent with " spiritual sanctity." 
Only three of the famous Greek and Latin fathers — Ambrose, 
Augustine, and Athanasius — were able-bodied men. " But the 
permanent influence of these three has been far greater, for 
good or for evil, than that of all the others put together." 
(a — 160 words.) 

Students of divinity, forty years ago, were practically ex- 
cluded by public opinion from participation in any form of 
athletic sports. They were forced to conform their lives, their 



268 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

dress, and their diet almost to the ascetic standard of the Mid- 
dle Ages. I know a clergyman who has now reached fourscore 
years, who, in his youth, just escaped expulsion from the Bap- 
tist Divinity School at West Newton, Mass., for participating 
in the game of ball called "rounders." Another was driven 
from his pulpit for swimming the Connecticut and pitching 
quoits ; and the idea is still rife in most communities that the 
minister of the Gospel must be not as other men, but make his 
life eccentric by the practice of excessive self-abnegation. The 
most cursory glance at the history of the Church will, however, 
establish the fact that almost all the great and permanent re- 
ligious movements have been accomplished by vigorous and 
able-bodied " saints " who have been the exception to the gen- 
eral rule of health, (b — 166 words.) 

I need scarcely allude to the typical scholar or professor in 
the colleges of the last half-century. His description, in a word, 
is that of great intellectuality, feeble constitution, chronic indi- 
gestion, and peevish regret that lack of health had prevented 
the accomplishment of the magnificent undertakings he had 
always purposed to make. Horace Mann has capitally said, 
"All through the life of a pure-minded but feeble-bodied man 
his path is lined with memory's grave-stones, which mark the 
spots where noble enterprises perished for lack of physical vigor 
to embody them in deeds." All this is changed, and to-day the 
preacher or the scholar may adorn the walls of his study with 
the trophies of the chase or the prizes won in the athletic con- 
tests of his college days, with no alarm lest his piety should be 
thought the less sincere because of his manly physique or his 
vigorous personality. 

It is now my purpose to show that we are at the threshold, in 
America, of a new era of physical development, and that upon 
such physical development will speedily come an intellectual 
age likely to transcend anything that the world has yet seen, 
(c— 200 words.) — John S. White. 

No. 43. — 526 words. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 269 

Madam Esmond and Major Washington. 

On the day appointed for Madam Esmond's entertainment 
to the General, the house of Castlewood was set out with the 
greatest splendor; and Madam Esmond arrayed herself in a 
much more magnificent dress than she was accustomed to 
wear. Indeed, she wished to do every honor to her guest, and 
to make the entertainment, which, in reality, was a sad one to 
her, as pleasant as might be for her company. The General's 
new aid-de-camp was the first to arrive. The widow received 
him in the covered gallery before the house. He dismounted 
at the steps, and his servants led away his horses to the well- 
known quarters. No young gentleman in the colony was bet- 
ter mounted or a better horseman than Mr. Washington. 

For a while, ere the Major retired to divest himself of his 
riding-boots, he and his hostess paced the gallery in talk. She 
had much to say to him ; she had to hear from him a confirma- 
tion of his own appointment as aid-de-camp to General Brad- 
dock, and to speak of her son's approaching departure. The 
negro servants, bearing the dishes for the approaching feast, 
were' passing perpetually as they talked. They descended the 
steps down to the rough lawn in front of the house, and paced 
awhile in the shade. Mr. Washington announced his Excel- 
lency's speedy approach, with Mr. Franklin of Pennsylvania 
in his coach, (a — 236 words.) 

This Mr. Franklin had been a common printer's boy, Mrs. 
Esmond had heard ; a pretty pass things were coming to 
when such persons rode in the coach of the Commander-in- 
Chief! Mr. Washington said a more shrewd and sensible 
gentleman never rode in coach or walked on foot. Mrs. 
Esmond thought the Major was too liberally disposed toward 
this gentleman; but Mr. Washington stoutly maintained, 
against the widow, that the printer was a most ingenious, use- 
ful, and meritorious man. 

" I am glad, at least, that, as my boy is going to make the 
campaign, he will not be with tradesmen, but with gentlemen — 
with gentlemen of honor and fashion," says Madam Esmond, 
in her most stately manner. 



2?0 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

Mr. Washington had seen the gentlemen of honor and fash- 
ion over their cups, and perhaps thought that all their sayings 
and doings were not precisely such as would tend to instruct 
or edify a young man on his entrance into life; but he wisely 
chose to tell no tales out of school, and said that Harry and 
George, now they were coming into the world, must take their 
share of good and bad, and hear what both sorts had to say. 

" To be with a veteran officer of the finest army in the 
world," faltered the widow; "with gentlemen who have been 
bred in the midst of the Court ; with friends of his Royal 
Highness, the Duke — " 

The widow's friend only inclined his head ; he did not choose 
to allow his countenance to depart from its usual gravity, 
(b — 256 words.) 

"And with you, dear Colonel Washington, by whom my 
father always set such store. You don't know how much he 
trusted in you. You will take care of my boy, sir, will not 
you ? You are but five years older, yet I trust to you more 
than to his seniors; my father always told the children, I 
always bade them, to look up to Mr. Washington." 

"You know I would have done anything to win Colonel 
Esmond's favor. Madam, how much would I not venture to 
merit his daughter's ?" 

The gentlemen bowed with not too ill a grace. The lady 
blushed, and dropped one of the lowest courtesies. (Madam 
Esmond's courtesy was considered unrivaled over the whole 
province.) " Mr. Washington," she said, " will be always sure of 
a mother's affection while he gives so much of his to her chil- 
dren." And so saying she gave him her hand, which he 
kissed with profound politeness. The little lady presently re- 
entered her mansion, leaning upon the tall young officer's arm. 
Here they were joined by George, who came to them accur- 
ately powdered and richly attired, saluting his parent and his 
friend alike with low and respectful bows, (c — 194 words.) 

No. 44.-686 words. W. M. Thackeray. 

We join ourselves to no party which does not carry the flag 
and keep step to the music of the Union. — Rufus Choate. 



literary selections. 271 

The Birth of a $1 Bill. 

It is an interesting sight to see how the Government turns 
out day by day tons and tons of crisp, new bank notes or silver 
certificates — to watch the silent engravers etch the steel, the 
shirt-sleeved plate printers take the impressions, and the care- 
ful messengers carry off the finished bills by the cart-load. 
When Congress has ordered the issue of a new series of notes 
the first step in the bureau is the preparation of what is known 
as the model. This is generally a handsome pen-and-ink draw- 
ing of the proposed bill, and is submitted finally to the Secre- 
tary of the Treasury for his approval. Nothing about the note 
is left to mere chance. The banker does not regard money 
from a purely artistic standpoint. He wants the denomination 
to be plain and distinct, and he asks that the figure of the 
note be placed in the upper right-hand corner, in order to 
facilitate counting. The fact that a note must bear a certain 
title rather restricts the artist in the preparation of the model, 
but very frequently, as in the case of the new $20 silver cer- 
tificate, which bears the portrait of the late Secretary Man- 
ning, both utility and artistic beauty are combined. In this 
particular bill the artist has made a striking innovation. The 
portrait, instead of being at one end of the note, is in the 
centre, and is supported on the sides by figures of Prosperity 
and Labor. The lettering is at the extremities of the certifi- 
cate, and the effect produced by this new idea is really very 
striking, (a — 268 words.) 

The model having been adopted, the next step is the en- 
graving of the plate. The room in which this work is done 
is a large, well-lighted apartment on the ground floor. It must 
not be supposed for an instant that the entire face of a note 
is engraved by one man. The portrait goes to one, the vignette 
to another, the lettering, script, and border to others, and so 
on until no less than twelve men are at work. It is a long and 
tedious task, requiring great care and accurate skill. No less 
than six weeks' time is necessary for the engraving of a portrait 
like that of Secretary Manning. The steel used is all imported 
from England, and is a remarkably fine grade. Engravers all 



272 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

over the world use English steel, and have done so for a cen- 
tury. When, at the end of many months of careful engraving, 
the various portions of the note are finished, an impression, of 
each section is taken upon a solid plate of steel. Each separate 
part is placed in the position it would occupy on the note, and 
when the transfer is finally accomplished, the face of the new 
bill appears in perfect form, (b — 203 words.) 

The plate is hardened and across its engraved surface is 
passed a soft steel roller. The depressions of the plate appear 
on the roller as a raised surface, and when the little cylinder 
has been hardened it is a perfect die. It, in turn, is rolled by 
tremendous pressure upon a plate of soft steel. The power ex- 
erted to force the fine lines of the die into the steel is so great 
that a thin bit of paper placed on the plate leaves a deep im- 
pression, and a bit of lint, scarcely visible to the naked eye, 
forms a rough scar. A fly-speck under this pressure makes a 
deep hole in the metal, and particles of dust must be carefully 
removed lest they, too, leave their imprint. This transfer pro- 
cess not only allows any number of plates to be made, but is an 
excellent guard against counterfeiting. Each face and each 
reverse of a note, being taken from the same die, are exactly 
alike. In no other way could this result be reached. No en- 
graver, be he ever so careful, could reproduce, without the 
variation of a hair's breadth, any work of his hands. Four im- 
pressions of the die are made upon a plate, so that the faces or 
backs of four notes are always printed at the same time. The 
plate, after being hardened, is finished. It costs the Govern- 
ment, from its inception to its completion, between $1,500 
and $2,000 in actual outlay for labor expended upon it. (c — 258 
words.) 

From the engraving-room the plate goes upstairs to the 
printers. There are about 200 of these, and each will take from 
600 to 1,000 impressions daily. All the late issues of bank notes 
require but two impressions, one each for the back and face. 
The currency of 1875, however, required three, because in the 
centre of the reverse side was an elaborate historical picture 
printed in black. No one knows exactly why these pictures 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 2J$ 

were printed on these notes, unless it was an artistic device. At 
any rate, these bills cost a good deal more than the others, and 
the experiment has never been repeated. Eventually they will 
disappear. When the sheet of notes has been printed on both 
sides, with numerous examinations and countings in between, 
it goes to the numbering division, (d — 136 words.) — The Wash- 
ington Post. 

No. 45. — 865 words. 

Napoleon Dismissing the Assembly. 

The emperor entered with his usual proud and careless indif- 
ference. His quick glance swept past the ranks of the Assem- 
bly, and rested for a moment on the place where the ambassa- 
dors of the foreign governments formerly stood beside the 
throne, and where no one was to be seen to-day. But not a 
feature changed ; he was still calm and grave. With a gentle 
nod he turned toward the ministers who were on the left, and 
addressed each of them a few kind words ; he then quickly 
ascended the steps of the throne. Under the canopy he turned 
his eyes toward the side where were the members of the Sen- 
ate and the Legislature. 

Napoleon's eyes flashed down the silent Assembly with the 
expression of terrible anger. When he spoke, his voice rolled 
like thunder through the hall, and echoed in the trembling 
hearts cf those who were conscious of their guilt, and who 
hung their heads under the outburst of their sovereign's wrath. 

"Gentlemen of the Legislature," he said, "you come to greet 
me. I accept your greetings, and will tell you what you ought 
to hear. You have it in your power to do much good and you 
have done nothing but mischief. Eleven-twelfths of you are 
patriotic ; the rest are factious. What do you hope by putting 
yourselves in opposition ? To gain possession of power ? But 
what are your means ? Are you the representatives of the 
people ? I am. Four times 1 have been invoked by the nation, 
and have had the votes of four millions of men. I have a title 
to supreme authority, which you have not. You are noth- 
ing but the representatives of the departments. Your report 



274 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

is drawn up with an astute and perfidious spirit, of the effects 
of which you are well aware. Two battles lost in Champagne 
would not have done me so much mischief, (a — 204 words.) 

" I have sacrificed my passions, my pride, my ambition to 
the good of France. I was in expectation that you would 
appreciate my motives, and not urge me to what is inconsistent 
with the honor of the nation. Far from that, in your report 
you mingle irony with reproach ; you tell me that adversity 
has given me salutary counsels. How can you reproach me 
with my misfortunes ? I have supported them with honor, 
because I have received from nature a sturdy temper ; and if I 
had not possessed it, I would never have raised myself to the 
first throne of the world. Nevertheless, I have need of conso- 
lation, and I expected it from you ; so far from receiving it, 
you have endeavored to depreciate me ; but I am one of those 
whom you may kill, but cannot dishonor. Is it by such re- 
proaches that you expect to restore the lustre of the throne ? 
What is the throne ? Four pieces of gilded wood, covered 
with a piece of velvet. The real throne has its seat in the 
heart of the nation. You cannot separate the two without 
mutual injury; for it has more need of me than I have of it. 
What could a nation do without a chief ? (b — 210 words.) 

" When the question was how we could repel the enemy, 
you demand institutions as if we had them not ! Are you not 
content with the constitution ? If you are not, you should 
have told me so four years ago, or postponed your demand two 
years after a general peace. Is this the moment to insist on 
such a demand ? You wish to imitate the Constituent Assem- 
bly, and commence a revolution ? Be it so. You will find 
I will not imitate Louis XVI. I would rather abandon the 
throne, I would prefer making part of the sovereign people to 
being an enslaved king. I am sprung from the people ; I know 
the obligations I contracted when I ascended the throne. You 
have done much mischief; you would have done me still more, 
if I had allowed your report to be printed, (c — 132 words,) 

" You speak of abuses, of vexations. I know, as well as you, 
that such have existed ; they arose from circumstances and the 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 275 

misfortunes of the times. But was it necessary to let all Eu- 
rope into our secrets ? Is it fitting to wash our dirty linen in 
public ? In what you say there is some truth and some false- 
hood. What, then, was your obvious duty ? To have confi- 
dentially made known your grounds of complaint to me, by 
whom they would have been thankfully received. I do not, 
any more than yourselves, love those who have oppressed you. 
In three months we shall have peace ; the enemy will be driven 
from our territory, or I shall be dead. We have greater re- 
sources than you imagine ; our enemies have never conquered 
us— never will. They will be pursued over the frontier more 
quickly than they crossed it. Go !" (d — 145 words.) 

No. 46.-691 words. L. Muhlbach. 

Ancient Luxury. 

But, after all, while wealth is the basis — the raw material — 
it does not alone furnish culture anymore than exalted aims. 
It has often been said that the luxury of the present exceeds 
that of any former period, but a cursory glance at the past 
shows this to be incorrect. In spite of the sumptuary laws of 
Rome that empire became the centre of almost unbounded 
riches. Croesus used to say that no man ought to be called 
rich who could not support a standing army. At one of his en- 
tertainments, to which the whole of Rome was invited, costly 
viands were served upon ten thousand tables. Cicero had sev- 
eral villas besides his house in the city, all of which in the days 
antedating "modern improvements" required a retinue of 
thousands of persons. At the death of one of Caesar's daugh- 
ters the funeral baked meats were set forth on 22,000 tables, with 
three guests at each. The later Roman emperors exceeded all 
former displays of lavishness. Caligula desired to sail his own 
galleys on smooth water ; accordingly canals were dug parallel 
with the coast, and as by magic huge boats were launched and 
silken sails unfurled over decks of wood enriched with gleam- 
ing jewels. Over the sterns rare twining vines made bowers 
beneath which he reclined in company with his gay minions. 
(a — 222 words.) 



276 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

They had but to stretch forth their hands to pluck ripe 
fruits gleaming among trees growing as if in their native gar- 
dens, while multitudes of slaves stood ready to obey every 
caprice of their infamous master. At one time a naval battle 
was undertaken from the decks of these galleys, in which nearly 
3,000 men were engaged, while at its close he scattered largess 
of gold broadcast among the populace to watch their scrambles 
for the unearned lucre. And when he tired of his inland sea 
he had only to turn to his stables, where favorite coursers 
munched their grain from troughs of marble or ivory. As he 
drove them along the Appian Way, in harness of purple and 
collars of pearls, they were only less richly bedecked than his 
wife, who wore on state occasions a single set of jewels on 
which the royal spendthrift had expended a trifle of two mill- 
ions of dollars, (b— 157 words.) 

And what are modern palaces compared with that which 
Nero built, with a portico a mile in length faced with a double 
row of columns? Within the entrance stood that statue of 
him made of silver and gold, 120 feet in height, which has 
given its name to the most magnificent ruin of all those mute 
and melancholy tokens of a debauched civilization, of an era 
when material luxury was sapping the foundations of virile 
energy. The whole of the interior was decorated with gilding 
and carvings, and mother-of-pearl and ivory inlaid with gems. 
And when the attendants led out the mules, shod with silver, 
attached to the thousand chariots which made up the retinue 
of the infamous ruler, themselves wearing chains and adorn- 
ings of precious metals, they formed such processions of splen- 
dor as no nineteenth century — most happily — can equal. Art 
had become enervated and debased along with morals, for the 
one is but the glass through which man looks on the life which 
the other has molded, (c— 172 words.) 

No. 47.— 551 words. 

The flame of liberty is extinguished in Greece and Rome, 
but the light of its glowing embers is still bright and strong on 
the shores of America.— Lydia Maria Child. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 277 

Opening of the American Institute Fair. 

(Reported by J. N. Kimball.) 
Chairman : 

" I greet you all here on this auspicious evening. For many- 
years back, further back than a great many of you now remem- 
ber, it has always been customary to open this exhibition by a 
formal address from a gentleman well known in politics, the 
mechanical arts, sciences, and the fine arts. We propose to 
do the same this year, and the pleasant duty devolving upon 
me as Chairman of the Board of Managers at this moment is 
to introduce to you the Hon. Stewart L. Woodford, late Lieu- 
tenant Governor of the State, vice District Attorney, and of 
other offices, which it is not necessary for me to mention. I 
now present to you Mr. Woodford." (a — 117 words.) 
Stewart L. Woodford : 

" Ladies and Gentlemen : — To speak against the hammer of 
the carpenter, the buzz of the engine, and the pleasant chatter 
of the young ladies and their numerous attendants, will be a 
difficult task and so I shall be very brief. 

" During the last few weeks I have felt constrained, under 
the necessities of a political canvass, to say rather some unkind 
things about Tammany Hall, and so it is exceedingly pleasant 
this night to bear this tribute to Tammany Hall — that in 1828, 
sixty-three years ago, the American Institute was organized by 
a few public-spirited citizens in one of the upper rooms of Tam- 
many Hall ; and I am willing to admit, that for once in her his- 
tory, Tammany Hall did a thoroughly good thing. (Applause.) 
The objects of the American Institute, as I understand them, 
are to encourage American inventions, to educate American 
mechanics in the mechanical arts, and, generally, to assist in all 
practical ways in the development of American resources and 
American ability. And frankly, my friends, I like this name of 
American Institute. (Applause.) I like it because it speaks in 
a word all the meaning of American progress and American 
effort. What this Institute has done in the way of develop- 
ment, in invention, in ministering to mechanical education, 
can hardly be estimated justly or properly honored, (b — 212 
words.) 



278 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

" This was one of the first fairs ever established in this coun- 
try ; now we have them in every town, we have them in every 
county, we have them in every State ; but the American Insti- 
tute fair that was organized sixty years ago, in the city of New 
York, was logically the seed-corn of the great Columbian Ex- 
position that is to be held in Chicago next year, and to the 
founders of this Institute should the credit and the honor this 
day be given. 

"The educational work that has been done by this American 
Institute was early seen by one of the greatest of our American 
thinkers, and there was no work that was done in the city or 
State of New York that so commended itself to the warm heart 
and large brain of that pioneer of American development, 
Horace Greeley, as did that of the American Institute and the 
American Institute fair. (Applause.) (c — 155 words.) 

"When your Institute was organized and the first of your 
fairs was held, American education was almost entirely con- 
fined within the several crafts, to the education that the master 
mechanic could give to his apprentices and his men. To-day 
there are industrial schools with trained professors, with scien- 
tific education, established in every one of the great cities of 
the American Union. Education, higher education, has ceased 
to be scholastic and has become practical. In 1828 almost 
every man who went to Harvard, to Columbia, or to Yale could 
talk Latin and Greek to you, but could not drive a nail or use a 
hammer without mashing his thumb. (Laughter.) To-day in 
the highest universities of the country we have engineering 
schools, mechanical schools, and electrical schools. We have 
the great Massachusetts School of Technology at Boston ; we 
have the Stevens Institute, across the river in Hoboken ; we 
have the School of Mines in Columbia College ; we have the. 
great Sheffield School in Yale University ; we have the Sibley 
College at Cornell University ; and to-day the health of the 
nation and the best of the trained intellect of the entire coun- 
try goes into the workshop and teaches men to use the tremen- 
dous material forces of nature in a scientific manner and with 
perfect and thorough development, (d — 218 words.) 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 279 

" Why, gentlemen, do you realize what tremendous progress 
scientific education has made within the last fifty years ? To- 
day the lineman who takes care of the telegraph in your 
street, the man who in his shirt-sleeves stands by yonder 
dynamo and regulates the forces that light this great exposi- 
tion, knows more about electricity than Benjamin Franklin did, 
than Faraday did, than all the professors in all the universities 
of the United States did when this Institute was organized in 
1828. (Applause.) The man who stands beside the steam 
engine, the man who controls those tremendous forces of 
physics and of steam, the common day-laborer, knows more 
about steam than Robert Fulton did. Every one of us have 
to-day as the alphabet — the simple letters in the alphabet of 
our acquisition — more of scientific development than the col- 
lege professors and the master scientists did fifty years ago. 
Now, where to does this all tend ? Year by year we are mak- 
ing tremendous strides, year by year we are taking within our 
grasp these tremendous forces. Where to are we going ? The 
men of the world to-day stand on the very top of the scientific 
acquisition of all the ages that are gone, (e — 206 words.) 

" This land of ours (and oh, I love to speak of it as you speak 
of this Institute), this American land of ours, with steam plow, 
with steam sower, with steam reaper, with steam binder, with 
railroads to carry grain to market, with great elevators to store 
it, with steamships of ten thousand tons to bear it across the 
sea, this great American land of ours is furnishing wheat and 
corn for the civilized world, and wherever famine stalks with 
gaunt figure and with grimy visage, there American production 
is ministering to the world's wants. (Applause.) 

"To-day (and oh, I love that name American), to-day the 
American mine is furnishing silver and gold and copper, and in 
spite of the pessimists, before twelve months have rolled by 
it will be furnishing American tin (applause), that we may sup- 
ply the needs, the business, the industry, the development of 
the world, (f — 150 words.) 

" Now, ladies and gentlemen — I will take that back — women 
and men (I like these simple words better than the phrase 



280 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

' ladies and gentlemen,' for if any one is a true, honest woman, 
if any one is a true, honest man, they are better than a gentle- 
man and better than a lady), this ripple of my poor voice 
against the hammer and the moving throng is an unequal 
struggle. The time has come for this people of ours to step to 
the front to assert modestly, and yet with dignity, our Ameri- 
can claim for an American policy ; that we shall develop what 
our fathers begun when they sowed the seed-corn of the Ameri- 
can Institute ; that we shall develop this continent ; that we 
shall keep the common school ; that we shall keep our free 
worship ; that we shall keep our free ballot ; that we shall keep 
our free manhood, and that we shall show to the nations of the 
world that the American freeman, the American workman, 
the American citizen shall step to a height of grandeur and 
dignity and power, such as the citizen of old Rome never 
viewed in the palmiest days of Roman story. (Applause.) 
(g — 200 words.) 

" Twelve months will soon roll round, and on the anniver- 
sary of the discovery of America by Columbus the great exhibi- 
tion will open at Chicago. From every city, from every territory 
of our own land and from every island and from every continent 
of the world, the production of the farmer, the production of 
the artisan, the production of the scholar, the production of the 
laborer, will be brought into competition, and there may the 
best man win. But you and I will be disappointed, if under the 
influence of our free institutions, our free American liberty, 
trained in such schools as the American Institute, we shall not 
stand in the very forefront of the achievement of the world. 
Good-night." (Applause.) 

Chairman : 

" Ladies and Gentlemen : — After listening to the eloquent ad- 
dress of Mr. Woodford, there remains but one word for me to 
add, and that is to say that by authority of the Board of Man- 
agers I hereby declare this, the sixtieth exhibition of the Ameri- 
can Institute, opened." (h — 158 words.) 

No. 48. — 1,416 words. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 28 1 



Mr. Pickwick's Ride in August. 

There is no month in the whole year in which nature wears 
a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. 
Spring has many beauties and May is a fresh and blooming 
month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by 
their contrast with the winter season. August has no such ad- 
vantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear 
skies, green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers — when the recol- 
lection of snow and ice and bleak winds has faded from our 
minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth, 
and yet what a pleasant time it is ! Orchards and corn-fields 
ring with the hum of labor ; trees bend beneath the thick clus- 
ters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground ; and 
the corn, piled in graceful sheaves or waving in every light 
breath that sweeps above it, as if it wooed the sickle, tinges the 
landscape with a golden hue. A mellow softness appears to 
hang over the whole earth ; the influence of the season seems 
to extend itself to the very wagon, whose slow motion across 
the well-reaped field is perceptible only to the eye, but strikes 
with no harsh sound upon the ear. (a — 203 words.) 

As the coach rolls swiftly past the fields and orchards which 
skirt the road, groups of women and children piling the fruit 
in sieves or gathering the scattered ears of corn pause for an 
instant in their labor, and, shading the sun-burnt face with a 
still browner hand, gaze upon the passengers with curious eyes, 
while some stout urchin, too small to work, but too mischiev- 
ous to be left at home, scrambles over the side of the basket 
in which he has been deposited for security and kicks and 
screams with delight. The reaper stops in his work and stands 
with folded arms, looking at the vehicle as it whirls past ; and 
the rough cart-horses bestow a sleepy glance upon the smart 
coach team, which says, as plainly as a horse's glance can, 
" It's all very fine to look at, but slow going over a heavy field 
is better than warm work like that upon a dusty road, after 
all." You cast a look behind you as you turn a corner of the 
road. The women and children have resumed their labor, 



282 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

the reaper once more stoops to his work, the cart-horses have 
moved on, and ail are again in motion, (b — 205 words.) — 
Charles Dickens, from " Pickwick Papers." 
No. 49. — 408 words. 

General Blucher's Vow. 

They entered the large reception room, opened only on fes- 
tive occasions. It contained nothing but some tinseled furni- 
ture, a few tables with marble tops, and on the pillars between 
the windows large Venetian mirrors. Otherwise the walls were 
bare, except over the sofa, where hung, in a finely-carved and 
gilded frame, a painting, which, however, was covered with a 
large veil of black crape. 

Blucher conducted the two to this painting ; for a moment 
he stood still and gazed on it gravely and musingly, and, rais- 
ing his right hand with a quick jerk, he tore down the mourn- 
ing veil. 

"Queen Louisa!" exclaimed Scharnhorst, admiring the tall 
and beautiful lady smiling on him. (a — 11 1 words.) 

" Yes," said Blucher, solemnly, " Queen Louisa ! The guard- 
ian angel of Prussia, whose heart Napoleon broke ! This 
pride and joy of all our women had to depart without hoping 
even in the possibility that the calamities which ruined her 
might come to an end. On the day she died I covered her 
portrait with this veil, and swore not to look again at her adored 
countenance until able to draw my sword, and, with Prussia's 
soldiers, avenge her untimely death. The time has come ! 
Louisa, rise again from your grave, open once more your beau- 
tiful eyes, for day-light is at hand, and our night is ended. 
Now, my beautiful queen, listen to the oath of your most faith- 
ful servant ! " He drew his sword, and, raising it up to the 
painting, exclaimed : " Here is my sword ! When I sheathed it 
last I wept, for I was to be an invalid, and should no longer 
wield it ; I was to sit here in idleness, and silently witness the 
sufferings of my fatherland. But now I shall soon be called 
into service, and I swear to you, Queen Louisa, that I will not 
sheathe this sword before I have avenged your death, before 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 283 

Germany and Prussia are free again, and Napoleon has received 
his punishment. I swear it to you, as sure as I am old Blucher, 
and have seen the tears which Prussia's disgrace has often 
wrung from your eyes. May God help me! May He in His 
mercy spare me until I have fulfilled my oath. Amen ! " 
(b — 256 words.)— L. Muhlbach. 
No. 50. — 367 words. 

Queen Elizabeth and Raleigh. 

The young cavalier we have so often mentioned had prob- 
ably never yet approached so near the person of his sovereign, 
and he pressed forward as far as the line of warders permitted, 
in order to avail himself of the present opportunity. His 
com ;wiion, on the contrary, cursing his impudence, kept pull- 
ing him backwards, till Walter shook him off impatiently, and 
letting his rich cloak drop carelessly from one shoulder; a 
natural action, which served, however, to display to the best 
advantage his well-proportioned person. Unbonneting at the 
same time, he fixed his eager gaze on the Queen's approach, 
with a mixture of respectful curiosity, and modest yet ardent 
admiration, which suited so well with his fine features, that the 
warders, struck with his rich attire and noble countenance, 
suffered him to approach the ground over which the Queen was 
to pass somewhat closer than was permitted to ordinary spec- 
tators. Thus the adventurous youth stood full in Elizabeth's 
eye, — an eye never indifferent to the admiration which she de- 
servedly excited among her subjects, or to the fair proportions 
of external form which chanced to distinguish any of her cour- 
tiers. Accordingly, she fixed her keen glance on the youth, as 
she approached the place where he stood, with a look in which 
surprise at his boldness seemed to be unmingled with resent- 
ment, while a trifling accident happened which attracted her 
attention towards him yet more strongly. The night had been 
rainy, and just where the young gentleman stood a small 
quantity of mud interrupted the Queen's passage. As she hes- 
itated to pass on, the gallant, throwing his cloak from his 
shoulders, laid it on the miry spot, so as to insure her stepping 
over it dryshod. Elizabeth looked at the young man, who ac- 



284 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

companied this act of devoted courtesy with a profound rev- 
erence and a blush that overspread his whole countenance. 
The Queen was confused, and blushed in her turn, nodded her 
head, hastily passed on, and embarked in her barge without 
saying a word, (a — 334 words.) 

" Come along, Sir Coxcomb," said Blount ; " Your gay cloak 
will need the brush to-day, I wot. Nay, if you had meant to 
make a foot-cloth of your mantle, better have kept Tracy's old 
drap-de-bure, which despises all colors." 

"This cloak," said the youth, taking it up and folding it, 
"shall never be brushed while in my possession." 

" And that will not be long, if you learn not a little more 
economy ; we shall have you in cuerpo soon, as the Spaniard 
says." 

Their discourse was here interrupted by one of the band of 
Pensioners. " I was sent," said he, after looking at them at 
tentively, " to a gentleman who hath no cloak, or a muddy one 
You, sir, I think," addressing the young cavalier, " are the 
man ; you will please to follow me." 

" He is in attendance on me," said Blount, "on me, the noble 
Earl of Sussex's master of horse." 

" I have nothing to say to that," answered the messenger ; 
" my orders are directly from her majesty, and concern this 
gentleman only." 

So saying, he walked away, followed by Walter, leaving the 
others behind ; Blount's eyes almost starting from his head 
with the excess of his astonishment. At length he gave vent to 
it in an exclamation : " Who the good jere would have thought 
this ! " And shaking his head with a mysterious air, he walked 
to his own boat, embarked, and returned to Deptford. (b— 233 
words.)— Sir Walter Scott. 

No. 51. — 567 words. 

Since first I heard our north wind blow, 
Since first I saw Atlantic throw 
On our fierce rocks his thunderous snow, 
I loved thee, Freedom. 

— Lowell. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 285 

Coronation of Napoleon. 

The thundering roar of cannon and the chimes of bells 
proclaimed that the emperor and empress, with their train, 
were now leaving the palace to ascend into the wonderful car- 
riage made of gold and glass, and which was waiting for them 
at the Pavilion de l'Horloge to proceed toward the cathedral. 

This carriage, prepared expressly for this day's celebration, 
was of enormous size and breadth, with windows on all sides, 
and entirely alike in its front and back seats. It therefore 
happened that their imperial majesties, on entering the car- 
riage, not thinking of the direction to be taken, sat down on 
the front instead of the back seat. The empress noticed the 
mistake, and when she laughingly called the emperor's atten- 
tion to it, they both took the back seat without a suspicion that 
this little error was a bad omen. 

Another little mishap occurred before they entered Notre 
Dame, which threw* a gloom of sad forebodings and fear over 
the heart of the empress. Whilst alighting out of the carriage, 
the empress, whose hand was occupied in the holding and car- 
rying of her robe and mantle, let slip from her fingers the im- 
perial ring which the pope had brought her for a present, and 
which before the coronation he was to bless, according to the 
accustomed ceremonial, and then place it on her finger as a 
token of remembrance of the holy consecration. This made 
Josephine tremble, and her cheeks turned pale, especially as 
the ring could nowhere be found. It had rolled a considerable 
distance from the carriage, and only after some minutes did 
Eugene Beauharnais find it and bring it to his mother, to her 
great delight and satisfaction, (a — 281 words.) 

At last the procession entered Notre Dame, and the brilliant 
solemnity began. It is not our purpose to describe here again 
the ceremony which has been in all its details portrayed in so 
many works, and to repeat the solemn addresses and the differ- 
ent events of this great and memorable day. It is with Jose- 
phine we have to do, and with what concerns her individual 
destiny — that alone claims our attentive consideration. 

One event, however, is to be mentioned. At the moment 



2&6 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

the emperor took from the altar the so-called crown of Charles 
the Great, and with firm hand placed it on his head — at the 
moment when he assumed the place of the ancient Kings of 
France, a small stone, which had detached itself from the 
cupola, fell down, touched his head, leaped on his shoulder, 
slipped down his imperial mantle, and rolled over the altar- 
steps near to the pope's throne, where it remained still until an 
Italian priest picked it up. 

At the moment of his loftiest grandeur the destiny of his 
future aimed its first stone at him, and marked him as the one 
upon whom its anger was to fall. 

This was the third evil omen of the day ; but fortunately 
Josephine had not noticed it. Her whole soul was absorbed in 
the sacred rites ; and, after the emperor had crowned himself, 
her heart trembled with deep emotion and agitation, for now 
the moment had come when she was to take her part in the 
solemnity. 

The Duchess d'Abrantes, who was quite near Josephine, and 
an immediate witness of the whole celebration, depicts the next 
scene in the following words : " The moment when the greatest 
number of eyes were fixed upon the altar-steps where the 
emperor stood was when Josephine was crowned by him, and 
was solemnly consecrated Empress of the French. What a 
moment ! . . . . what a homage ! What a proof of love mani- 
fested to her from him who so much loved her ! " (b — 330 
words.)— L. Muhlbach 

No. 52. — 611 words. 

Daniel Webster's Speech. 

Fellow-citizens : I owe the honor of this occasion, and I 
esteem it an uncommon and extraordinary honor, to the young 
men of this city of Albany ; and it is my first duty to express to 
these young men my grateful thanks for the respect they have 
manifested towards me. Nevertheless, nevertheless, young 
men of Albany, I do not mistake you, or your object, or your 
purpose. I am proud to take to myself whatever may properly 
belong to me, as a token of personal and political regard from 



IITERARY SELECTIONS. 287 

/ou to me. But I know, young men of Albany, it is not I, but 
the cause ; it is not I, but your own generous attachments to 
your country ; it is not I, but the Constitution of the Union, — 
which has bound together your ancestors and mine, and all of 
us for more than half a century. It is this that has brought 
you here to-day to testify your regard towards one who, to the 
best of his humble ability, has sustained that cause before the 
country. Go on, young men of Albany ! Go on, young men of 
the United States ! Early manhood is the chief prop and sup- 
port, the reliance and hope, for the preservation of public lib- 
erty and the institutions of the land. Early manhood is ingen- 
uous, generous, just. It looks forward to a long life of honor 
or dishonor ; and it means, by the blessing of God, that it shall 
be a life of honor, of usefulness, and success, in all the profes- 
sions and pursuits of life ; and that it shall close, when close h 
must, with some claim to the gratitude of the country. Go on, 
then ; uphold the. institutions to which you were born ! You 
are manly, fearless, bold. You fear nothing but to do wrong, 
dread nothing but to be found recreant to patriotism and to 
your country, (a — 314 words.) 

Gentlemen, I certainly had no expectation of appearing in 
such an assemblage as this to-day. It is not probable that for 
a long time to come I may again address any large assemblage 
of my fellow-citizens. If I should not, and if this were the last, 
or to be among the last, of all the occasions in which I am to 
appear before any great number of the people of the country, I 
shall not regret that that appearance was here. I find myself 
in the political capital of the greatest, most commercial, most 
powerful State of the Union. I find myself invited to be here 
by persons of the highest respectability, without distinction of 
party. I consider the occasion as somewhat august. I know 
that among those who now listen to me there are such as are of 
the wisest, the best, the most patriotic, and the most experi- 
enced public and private men in the State of New York. Here 
are governors and ex-governors ; here are judges and ex-judges, 
of high character and high station ; and here are persons from 
all the walks of professional and private life, distinguished for 



2$$ LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

talent and virtue and eminence. Fellow-citizens, before such 
an assemblage, and on such an invitation, I feel bound to guard 
every opinion and every expression ; to speak with precision 
such sentiments as I advance, and to be careful in all that I say, 
that I may not be misapprehended or misrepresented, (b — 245 
words.) 

I am requested, fellow-citizens, by those who invited me, to 
signify my sentiments on the state of public affairs in this coun- 
try, and the interesting questions which are before us. This 
proves, gentlemen, that in their opinion there are questions 
sometimes arising which range above all party, and all the in- 
fluences and considerations and interests of party. It proves 
more ; it proves that, in their judgment, this is a time in which 
public affairs do rise in importance above the range of party, 
and draw to them an interest paramount to all party considera- 
tions. If that be not so, [ am here without object, and you are 
listening to me for no purpose whatever. Then, gentlemen, 
what is the condition of public affairs which makes it necessary 
and proper for men to meet and confer together on the state 
of the country ? What are the questions which are overriding, 
subduing, and overwhelming party, uniting honest, well-mean- 
ing persons to lay party aside, to meet and confer for the gen- 
eral public weal? I shall, of course, fellow citizens, not enter 
at large into many of these questions, nor into any lengthened 
discussion of the state of public affairs, but shall endeavor to 
state what that condition is, what these questions are, and to 
pronounce a conscientious judgment of my own upon the whole, 
(c— 223 words.) 

The last Congress, fellow-citizens, passed laws called adjust- 
ment measures, or settlement measures ; laws intended to put 
an end to certain internal and domestic controversies which 
existed in the country, and some of them for a long time. 
These laws were passed by the constitutional majorities of 
both houses of Congress. They received the constitutional 
approbation of the President. They are the laws of the land. 
To some, or all of them, indeed to all of them, at the time of 
their passage, there existed warm and violent opposition. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 289 

None of them passed without heated discussion. Govern- 
ment was established in each of the territories of New Mexico 
and Utah, but not without opposition. The boundary of Texas 
was to be settled by compromise with that State, but not 
without determined and violent opposition. These laws all 
passed ; and as they have now become, from the nature of the 
case, irrepealable, it is not necessary that I should detain you 
by discussing their merits and demerits. Nevertheless, gentle- 
men, I desire on this and on all public occasions, in the most 
emphatic and clear manner, to declare that I hold some of 
these laws, and especially that which provided for the adjust- 
ment of the controversy with Texas, to have been essential to 
the preservation of the public peace, (d — 218 words.) 

I will not now argue that point, nor lay before you at lar^e 
the circumstances which existed at that time, — the peculiar 
situation of things in so many of the Southern States ; or the 
fact that many of those States had adopted measures for the 
separation of the Union ; the fact that Texas was preparing to 
assert her rights to territory, which New Mexico thought was 
hers by right ; and that hundreds and thousand of men, tired 
of the ordinary pursuits of private life, were ready to rise and 
unite in any enterprise that might open itself to them, even at 
the risk of a direct conflict with the authority of this Govern- 
ment. I say, therefore, without going into the argument with 
any details, that in March of 1850, when I found it my duty to 
address Congress on these important topics, it was my con- 
scientious belief, still unshaken, ever since confirmed, that if 
the controversy with Texas could not be amicably adjusted, 
there must, in all probability, have been civil war and civil 
bloodshed. And in the contemplation of such a prospect, it 
was of little consequence on which standard victory should 
perch ; although in such a contest we took it for granted that 
no opposition could arise to the authority of the United States 
that would not be suppressed. But what of that ? I was not 
anxious about the military consequences of things ; I looked 
to the civil and political state of things and their results ; and 
I inquired what would be the condition of the country if in 



29O LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

this agitated state of things, if in this vastly extended though 
not generally pervading feeling at the South, war should break 
out, and bloodshed should ensue in that extreme of the Union ? 
(e — 293 words.) 

That was enough for me to inquire into and regard ; and, if 
the chances had been but one in a thousand that such would 
have been the result, I should still have felt that that one- 
thousandth chance should be guarded against by any reason- 
able sacrifice ; because, gentlemen, sanguine as I am for the 
future prosperity of the. country, strongly as I believe now, after 
what has passed, and especially after those measures to which 
I have referred, that it is likely to hold together, I yet believe 
firmly that this Union, once broken, is utterly incapable, ac- 
cording to all human experience, of being reconstructed in its 
original character, of being recemented by any chemistry or art 
or effort or skill of man. Now, gentlemen, let us pass from 
those measures which are now accomplished and settled. Cali- 
fornia is in the Union, and cannot be got out ; the Texas bound- 
ary is settled, and cannot be disturbed ; Utah and New Mexico 
are Territories, under provision of law, according to accustomed 
usage in former cases ; and these things may be regarded as 
settled. But then there was another subject, equally agitating 
and equally irritating, which, in its nature, must always be sub- 
ject to consideration or proposed amendment, and that is the 
fugitive slave law of 1850, passed at the same session of Con- 
gress. Allow me to advert, very shortly, to what I consider the 
ground of that law. You know, and I know, that it was very 
much opposed in the Northern States ; sometimes with argu- 
ment not unfair, often by mere ebullition of party, and often by 
those whirlwinds of fanaticism that raise a dust and blind the 
eyes, but produce nothing else, (f — 281 words.) 

Now, gentlemen, this question of the propriety of the fugi- 
tive slave law, or the enactment of some such law, is a question 
that must be met. Its enemies will not let it sleep or slumber. 
They will "give neither sleep to their eyes nor slumber to their 
eyelids " so long as they can agitate it before the people. It is 
with them a topic, a desirable topic, and all know who have 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 29 1 

much experience in political affairs, that for party men, and in 
party times, there is hardly anything so desirable as a topic. 
Now, gentlemen, I am ready to meet this question. I am ready 
to meet it ; I am ready to say that it was right, proper, expe- 
dient, just, that a suitable law should be passed for the restora- 
tion of the fugitive slaves found in free States, to their owners 
in the slave States. I am ready to say that, because I only re- 
peat the words of the Constitution itself, and I am not afraid of 
being considered a plagiarist, nor a feeble imitator of other 
men's language and sentiments, when I repeat and announce to 
every part of the country, to you here, and at all times, the 
language of the Constitution of my country, (g — 209 words.) 

Gentlemen, before the Revolution, slavery existed in the 
Southern States, and had existed there for more than a hundred 
years. We of the North were not guilty of its introduction. 
That generation of men, even in the South, were not guilty of 
it. It had been introduced according to the policy of the 
mother country, before there was any independence in the 
United States ; indeed, before there were any authorities in 
the "Colonies competent to resist it. Why, gentlemen, men's 
opinions have so changed on this subject, and properly, the 
world has come to so much juster sentiments, we can hardly 
believe that which is certainly true, that at the peace of Aix 
la Chapelle, in 1748, the English Government insisted on the 
fulfillment, to its full extent, of a condition in the treaty of the 
Assiento, signed at Utrecht, in 17 13, by which the Spanish 
Government had granted the unqualified and exclusive privi- 
lege to the British Government of importing slaves into the 
Spanish Colonies in America ! That was not then repugnant to 
public sentiment ; happily, it would be now. (h — 179 words.) 

No. 53. — 1,962 words. 



The torch of freedom God has lit 
Burns upward for the Infinite, 
And through all hindrances it will 
And must and shall burn upward still. 

— Gerald Massey. 



292 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

Mr. Gladstone on the Silver Question. 

Dear Sir : 

I am very reluctant to send you a reply which may be 
thought to indicate indifference to the circumstances of de- 
pressed interests in land, whether they be those of landlords, 
farmers, or laborers ; for I fear that these last also have in some 
parts of the country been undergoing a diminution of wages 
very much to be lamented. But the special calls of the present 
time put it wholly out of my power to enter orally upon any 
full or profitable discussion on a subject which is in itself com- 
plex, and the adequate illustration of which from contemporary 
facts would require an expenditure of time beforehand such as 
is out of my power to make. I know that the circumstances of 
agriculture (in which I have every reason to feel a deep interest) 
vary materially, not only from time to time, but also in one 
portion of the country as compared with another ; and while I 
regret that in Suffolk you should find it your duty to record an 
increasing depression, I trust that county may soon share in 
the relative improvement which is, I think, observable in vari- 
ous parts of the country. I cherish this hope all the more be- 
cause the great coal and metal industries which for many recent 
years shared the depression of agriculture, or even suffered still 
more heavily, now show signs of revival, (a — 230 words.) 

In no case can anything but mischief arise from referring 
distress to causes which are not its real source. The standard 
of value, which is the great instrument of exchange, is itself a 
commodity, and, being such, is itself subject to fluctuation. 
Such fluctuation is economically an evil, and every wisely-gov- 
erned State should seek to have for its standard of value tne 
commodity which is the least subject to fluctuation. That 
commodity, as I conceive, is gold, and to adopt any other 
standard or to add to gold any other metal more subject to 
fluctuation than gold would be to increase that fluctuation, 
and therewith the consequent inconvenience or distress. If a 
change were made which should of itself lower the value of 
sterling money in which debts are payable, this would be an 
additional and most formidable mischief. Thirty or forty years 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 293 

ago it was very commonly thought that gold had undergo ne a 
very heavy depreciation. There is now an opinion that it has 
been artificially and very largely forced up in value. My belief 
has been all along that any increase or any decrease of value 
which has taken place has been within very narrow limits. I 
cannot deny that the action of certain great Continental States 
may have had a limited effect in raising the exchangeable value 
of gold. Such action has arisen, I must suppose, from a desire 
to attain or approach to the best possible standard ; and while 
I regret the inconvenience which may be due even to a minor 
change of value, there will be a future compensation in the re- 
sults of a policy that extends the area over which the best and 
most stable standard is in use. (b — 287 words.) 

I also observe that incidental contraction may be counter- 
acted by incidental expansion. It is at this time thought by 
many persons that South Africa is to make a material addition 
to the available gold currency of the world. I personally am 
aware of no sufficient reason why we ourselves should not effect 
a moderate addition to it by the gradual introduction of a care- 
fully limited system of issuing notes smaller in value than five 
pounds. But I am convinced that any search for industrial 
relief of whatever kind from legislative alteration in the basis 
of our exchanges, great and small, which is gold, would be a 
barren and hopeless quest, diverting men for the time from 
efforts after practical thrift and improvement, and ending in 
substantial, perhaps in bitter, disappointment. As your letter 
appeals to me upon a subject of wide public interest, you are 
entirely free, if you should think proper, to publish this reply. 
(c — 157 words.) 

No. 54. — 674 words. 



Yet, from out and from off all things around us — our laugh- 
ing harvests, our songs of labor, our commerce on all the seas, 
our secure homes, our school-houses and churches, our happy 
people, our radiant and stainless flag — how they come pealing, 
pealing, "Independence now, and Independence forever."— 
Rufus Choate. 



294 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

George Washington to the President of Congress. 

Sir: White Plains, 6th Nov., 1776. 

I have the honor to inform you that yesterday morning the 
enemy made a sudden and unexpected movement from the 
several posts they had taken in our front. 

They broke up their whole encampment the preceding night, 
and have advanced toward Kingsbridge on the North River. 
The design of this manoeuvre is a matter of much conjecture 
and speculation, and cannot be accounted for with any degree 
of certainty. The grounds we had taken possession of were 
strong and advantageous, and such as they could not have 
gained without much loss of blood in case an attempt had been 
made. I had taken every possible precaution to prevent their 
outflanking us, which may have led to the present measure. 
They might still have in view their original plan, and by a sud- 
den wheel try to accomplish it. Detachments are constantly 
out to observe their motions, and to harass them as much as 
possible, (a — 158 words.) 

In consequence of this movement I called a council of gen- 
eral officers to consult on such measures as should be adopted 
in case they pursue their retreat to New York, the result of 
which is herewith transmitted. In respect to myself, I cannot 
indulge an idea that Gen. Howe, supposing he is going to New 
York, means to close the campaign and to sit down without 
attempting something more. I think it highly probable, and 
almost certain, that he will make a descent with part of his 
troops into Jersey ; and as soon as I am satisfied that the pres- 
ent manoeuvre is real and not a feint, I shall use every means 
in my power to forward a part of our troops to counteract his 
designs ; nor shall I be disappointed if he sends a detachment 
to the southward for the purpose of making a winter campaign, 
(b — 149 words.) 

From information I have received, there is now a number of 
transports at Red Hook, with about three thousand troops on 
board. Their destination, as given out, is to Rhode Island, but 
this seems altogether improbable for various reasons f among 
Others, the season is much against it. In the Southern States 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 295 

they will find it much milder, and much more favorable for 
their purpose. I shall take the liberty of mentioning that it 
may not be improper to suggest the probability of such a meas- 
ure to the Assemblies and Conventions in those States, that 
they may be on their guard, and the propriety of their es- 
tablishing and laying up magazines of provisions and other 
necessaries in suitable places. This is a matter of exceeding 
importance, and that cannot be too much attended to. 

From the approaching dissolution of the army, and the de- 
parture of the new levies, which is now on the eve of taking 
place, and the little prospect of levying a new one in time, I 
have written to the Eastern States, by the unanimous advice of 
the general officers, to forward supplies of militia in the room 
of those that are now here, and who, it is feared, will not be 
prevailed on to stay any longer than the time they are engaged 
for. (c — 217 words.) 

The propriety of this application, I trust, will appear when 
it is known that not a single officer is yet commissioned to re- 
cruit, and when it is considered how essential it is to keep 
some show of force and shadow of an army. I expect the 
enemy will bend their force against Fort Washington and in- 
vest it immediately. From some advices it is an object that 
will attract their earliest attention. 

I am happy to inform you that in the engagement on Mon- 
day night our loss was by no means so considerable as was con- 
jectured at first. By some deserters and prisoners we are told 
that of the enemy was tolerably great ; some accounts make it 
about four hundred in killed and wounded ; all agree that 
among the former was a Colonel Carr of the Thirty-fifth Regi- 
ment. The force that will be sent to Jersey after I am satisfied 
of Mr. Howe's retreat, in addition to those now there, accord- 
ing to my present opinion, will make it necessary for me to go 
with them, to put things in a proper channel, and such a way 
of defense as shall seem most probable to check the progress of 
the enemy, in case they should attempt a descent there or move 
towards Philadelphia. I have the honor to be, etc., 
(d— 222 words.) George Washington. 

No. 55.-746 words. 



2$6 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

Washington to Lieutenant-General Howe. 

Headquarters, 17 December, 1776. 
Sir:— 

I would beg leave to recall your attention to the proposi- 
tion for the exchange of prisoners, in the several letters I have 
lately written on that subject, and to inform you that I have 
not received such officers in exchange as were requested by me. 
T am persuaded, sir, that this mistake has arisen from Mr. 
Commissary Loring's zeal to facilitate the business ; but I 
would at the same time desire that you would give him orders, 
whenever any of your officers are sent in by me, not to send 
others in exchange till he is furnished with a list from me of 
such as I would choose to prefer, which shall always be done 
as soon as possible. For, as the prisoners seldom pass my 
headquarters on their way, it is not in my power to transmit 
such lists by them without occasioning their delay. If this 
mode is not complied with in future, I shall be under the dis- 
agreeable necessity of stopping others from going in, as my 
ideas and expectations are by no means answered by what has 
happened. I am, with due respect, sir, 

Your most obedient servant, 
No. 56. — 199 words. George Washington. 

Washington's Letter to the President of Congress. 

[" On Christmas night, 1776, in a driving storm of sleet, and amid drifting ice 
that threatened every moment to crush the boats, General Washington crossed ihe 
Delaware with twenty-four hundred picked men, fell upon the Hessians at Trenton, 
in the midst of their festivities, captured nearly one thousand prisoners, slew their 
leader, and safely escaped back to camp, with the loss of only four men — two killed 
and two frozen to death. "] 

Headquarters, Newtown, 27 December, 1776. 
Sir :— 

I have the pleasure of congratulating you upon the suc- 
cess of an enterprise, which I had formed against a detachment 
of the enemy lying in Trenton, and which was executed yester- 
day morning. The evening of the 25th I ordered the troops 
intended for this service to parade back of McKonkey's Ferry, 
that they might begin to pass as soon as it grew dark, imagin- 
ing we should be able to throw them all over, with the neces 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 297 

sary artillery, by twelve o'clock, and that we might easily arrive 
at Trenton by five in the morning, the distance being about 
nine miles. But the quantity of ice, made that night, impeded 
the passage of the boats so much, that it was three o'clock be- 
fore the artillery could all be got over ; and near four, before 
the troops took up their line of march. This made me despair 
of surprising the town, as I well knew we could not reach it be- 
fore the day was fairly broke. But as I was certain there was 
no making a retreat without being discovered and harassed on 
repassing the river, I determined to push on at all events. I 
formed my detachment into two divisions, one to march by the 
lower river road, the other by the upper or Pennington road. 
As the divisions had nearly the same distance to march, I or- 
dered each of them, immediately upon forcing the outguards, 
to push directly into the town, that they might charge the 
enemy before they had time to form, (a — 257 words.) 

The upper division arrived at the enemy's advanced post ex- 
actly at eight o'clock; and in three minutes after, I found, from 
the fire on the lower road, that that division had also got up. 
The outguards made but small opposition, though, for their 
numbers, they behaved very well, keeping up a constant re- 
treating fire from behind houses. We presently saw their 
main body formed ; but, from their motions, they seemed un- 
determined how to act. Being hard pressed by our troops, 
who had already got possession of their artillery, they attempted 
to file off by a road on their right, leading to Princeton. But, 
perceiving their intention, I threw a body of troops in their 
way, which immediately checked them. Finding from our dis- 
position that they were surrounded, and that they must inevi- 
tably be cut to pieces if they made any further resistance, they 
agreed to lay down their arms. The number that submitted in 
this manner was twenty-three officers and eight hundred and 
eighty-six men. Colonel Rahl, the commanding officer, and 
seven others were found wounded in the town. I do not ex- 
actly know how many were killed ; but I fancy not above 
twenty or thirty, as they never made any regular stand. Our 
loss is very trifling indeed, only two officers and one or two pri- 
vates wounded, (b -220 words.) 



298 LITERARY 'SELECTIONS. 

I find that the detachment of the enemy consisted of three 
Hessian regiments of Anspach, Kniphausen, and Rahl, amount- 
ing to about fifteen hundred men, and a troop of British light- 
horse ; but immediately upon the beginning of the attack, all 
those, who were not killed or taken, pushed directly down the 
road towards Bordentown. These would likewise have fallen 
into our hands could my plan have been completely carried 
into execution. General Ewing was to have crossed before day 
at Trenton Ferry, and taken possession of the bridge leading 
out of town ; but the quantity of ice was so great that, though 
he did everything in his power to effect it, he could not get 
over. This difficulty also hindered General Cadwalader from 
crossing with the Pennsylvania militia from Bristol. He got 
part of his foot over; but, finding it impossible to embark his 
artillery, he was obliged to desist. I am fully confident that, 
could the troops under Generals Ewing and Cadwalader have 
passed the river, I should have been able with their assistance 
to drive the enemy from all their posts below Trenton. But 
the numbers I had with me being inferior to theirs below me, 
and a strong battalion of light infantry being at Princeton above 
me, I thought it most prudent to return the same evening with 
the prisoners and the artillery we had taken. We found no 
stores of any consequence in the town, (c — 239 words.) 

In justice to the officers and men, I must add that their be- 
havior upon this occasion reflects the highest honor upon 
them. The difficulty of passing the river in a very severe night, 
and their march through a violent storm of snow and hail, did 
not in the least abate their ardor ; but, when they came to the 
charge, each seemed to vie with the other in pressing forward ; 
and were I to give a preference to any particular corps, I should 
do great injustice to the others. Colonel Baylor, my first aide- 
de-camp, will have the honor of delivering this to you ; and 
from him you may be made acquainted with many other par- 
ticulars. His spirited behavior upon every occasion requires 
me to recommend him to your particular notice, I have the 
honor to be, etc., 
(d— 140 words.) George Washington. 

No. 57.-856 words. 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 299 

Washington's Farewell Address. 

Friends and Fellow-Citizens : 

The period for a new election of a citizen to administer the 
executive government of the United States being not far dis- 
tant, and the time actually arrived when the thoughts must be 
employed in designating the person who is to be clothed with 
that important trust, it appears to me proper, especially as it 
may conduce to a more distinct expression of the public voice, 
that I should now apprise you of the resolution I have formed 
to decline being considered among the number of those out of 
whom the choice is to be made. 

I beg you, at the same time, to do me the justice to be as- 
sured that this resolution has not been taken without a strict 
regard to all the considerations appertaining to the relation 
which binds a dutiful citizen to his country; and that, in with- 
drawing the tender of service, which silence in my situation 
might imply, I am influenced by no diminution of zeal for your 
future interest, no deficiency of respect for your past kindness, 
but am supported by a full conviction that the step is compat- 
ible with both, (a — 191 words.) 

The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, the office to 
which your suffrages have twice called me, have been a uni- 
form sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of duty and to a 
deference to what appeared to be your desire. I constantly 
hoped that it would have been much earlier in my power, con- 
sistently with motives which I was not at liberty to disregard, 
to return to that retirementjrom which I had been reluctantly 
drawn. The strength of my inclination to do this, previous to 
the last election, had even led to the preparation of an address 
to declare it to you ; but mature reflection on the then per- 
plexed and critical posture of affairs with foreign nations, and 
the unanimous advice of persons entitled to my confidence, 
impelled me to abandon the idea. I rejoice that the state of 
your concerns, external as well as internal, no longer renders 
the pursuit of inclination incompatible with the sentiment of 
duty or propriety ; and am persuaded, whatever partiality may 



300 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

be retained for my services, that in the present circumstances 
of our country, you will not disapprove of my determination to 
retire, (b — 191 words.) 

The impression with which I first undertook the arduous 
trust were explained on the proper occasion. In the discharge 
of this trust I will only say that I have, with good intentions, 
contributed towards the organization and administration of the 
government the best exertions of which a very fallible judg- 
ment was capable. Not unconscious, in the outset, of the in- 
feriority of my qualifications, experience in my own eyes, per- 
haps still more in the eyes of others, has strengthened the 
motives to diffidence of myself; and every day the increasing 
weight of years admonishes me more and more that the shade 
of retirement is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. Sat- 
isfied that, if any circumstances have given peculiar value to 
my services, they were temporary, I have the consolation to 
believe that, while choice and prudence invite me to quit the 
political scene, patriotism does not forbid it. (c — 150 words.) 

In looking forward to the moment which is to terminate the 
career of my political life, my feelings do not permit me to sus- 
pend the deep acknowledgment of that debt of gratitude which 
I owe to my beloved country for the many honors it has con- 
ferred upon me; still more for the steadfast confidence with 
which it has supported me, and for the opportunities I have 
thence enjoyed of manifesting my inviolable attachment by 
services faithful and persevering, though in usefulness unequal 
to my zeal. If benefits have resulted to our country from 
these services, let it always be remembered to your praise, and 
as an instructive example in our annals, that under circum- 
stances in which our passions, agitated in every direction, were 
liable to mislead — amidst appearances sometimes dubious — 
vicissitudes of fortune often discouraging — in situations in 
which not unfrequently want of success has countenanced the 
spirit of criticism — the constancy of your support was the 
essential prop of the efforts and a guarantee of the plans by 
which they were effected. Profoundly penetrated with this 
idea, I shall carry with me to my grave as a strong incitement 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 3OI 

to unceasing wishes that Heaven may continue to you the 
choicest tokens of its beneficence; that your union and bro- 
therly affection may be perpetual ; that the free constitution, 
which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly maintained ; 
that its administration in every department may be stamped 
with wisdom and virtue ; that, in fine, the happiness of the peo- 
ple of these States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made 
complete by so careful a preservation and so prudent a use of 
this blessing as will acquire to them the glory of recommending 
it to the applause, the affection, and adoption of every nation 
which is yet a stranger to it. (d — 302 words.) 

Here, perhaps, I ought to stop. But a solicitude for your 
welfare which cannot end but with my life, and the apprehen- 
sion of danger natural to that solicitude, urge me, on an occa- 
sion like the present, to offer to your solemn contemplation 
and to recommend to your frequent review some sentiments 
which are the result of much reflection, of no inconsiderable 
observation, and which appear to me all important to the per- 
manency of your felicity as a people. These will be offered to 
you with the more freedom, as you can only see in them the 
disinterested warnings of a parting friend, who can possibly 
have no personal motives to bias his counsel. Nor can I for- 
get, as an encouragement to it, your indulgent reception of my 
sentiments on a former and not dissimilar occasion. 

Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every ligament of 
our hearts, no recommendation of mine is necessary to fortify 
or confirm the attachment, (e — 162 words.) 

The unity of government which constitutes you one people 
is also now dear to you. It is justly so ; for it is a main pillar 
in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your 
tranquillity at home, your peace abroad, of your safety, of your 
prosperity, of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But 
as it is easy to foresee that from different causes and from dif- 
ferent quarters much pains will be taken, many artifices em- 
ployed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth — 
as this is the point in your political fortress against which the 
batteries of internal and external enemies will be most con- 



302 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

stantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) 
directed — it is of infinite moment that you should properly 
estimate the immense value of your national union to your 
collective and individual happiness ; that you should cherish a 
cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it ; accustoming 
yourselves to think and to speak of it as a palladium of your 
political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation 
with jealous anxiety ; discountenancing whatever may suggest 
even a suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned ; and 
indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt 
to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to en- 
feeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts, 
(f — 228 words.) 

For this you have every inducement of sympathy and inter- 
est. Citizens by birth or choice of a common country, that 
country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name 
of American, which belongs to you in your national capacity, 
must always exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any 
appellation derived from local discriminations. With slight 
shades of difference, you have the same religion, manners, 
habits, and political principles. You have, in a common cause, 
fought and triumphed together. The independence and liberty 
which you possess are the work of joint councils and joint 
efforts, of common dangers, sufferings, and success. 

But these considerations, however powerfully they address 
themselves to your sensibility, are greatly outweighed by those 
which apply more immediately to your interest. Here every 
portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for 
careful guarding and preserving the union of the whole, (g — 146 
words.) 

The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with the South, 
protected by the equal laws of a common government, finds in 
the productions of the latter great additional resources of mari- 
time and commercial enterprise, and precious materials of man- 
ufacturing industry. The South, in the same intercourse, 
benefiting by the same agency of the North, sees its agriculture 
grow and its commerce expand. Turning partly into its own 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 303 

channels the seamen of the North, it finds its particular naviga- 
tion invigorated ; and while it contributes in different ways to 
nourish and increase the general mass of the national naviga- 
tion, it looks forward to the protection of the maritime strength 
to which itself is unequally adapted. The East, in like inter- 
course with the West in the progressive improvement of interior 
communications by land and water, will more and more find a 
valuable vent for the commodities which it brings from abroad 
or manufactures at home. The West derives from the East 
supplies requisite to its growth and comfort ; and what is, per- 
haps, of still greater consequence, it must of necessity owe the 
secure enjoyment of the indispensable outlets for its produc- 
tions to the weight, influence, and future maritime strength of 
the Atlantic side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble 
community of interest as one nation. Any other tenure by 
which the West can hold this essential advantage, whether de- 
rived from its own separate strength or from an apostate and 
unnatural connection with any foreign power, must be intrinsi- 
cally precarious, (h — 247 words.) 



Though in reviewing the incidents of my administration I 
am unconscious of intentional error, I am, nevertheless, too 
sensible of my defects not to think it probable that I have 
committed many errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently 
beseech the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which 
they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my 
country will never cease to view them with indulgence, and 
that, after forty-five years of my life dedicated to its service 
with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities will be 
consigned to oblivion, as myself must soon be to the mansions 
of rest. 

Relying on its kindness in this as in other things, and actu- 
ated by that fervent love towards it which is so natural to a 
man who views in it the native soil of himself and his progen- 
itors for several generations, I anticipate with pleasing expecta- 
tions that retreat in which I promise myself to realize without 
alloy the sweet enjoyment of partaking in the midst of my 



304 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

fellow-citizens the benign influence of good laws under a free 
government — the ever favorite object of my heart, and the 
happy reward, as I trust, of our mutual cares, labors, and dan- 
gers, (i — 208 words.) 
No. 58.-1,825 words. 

Declaration of Independence. 

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary 
for one people to dissolve the political bands which have con- 
nected them with another, and to assume among the powers of 
the earth the separate and equal station to which the laws of 
nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to 
the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the 
causes which impel them to the separation. 

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that al\ men are cre- 
ated equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with cer- 
tain inalienable rights ; that among these are life, liberty, and 
the pursuit of happiness ; that, to secure these rights, govern- 
ments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers 
from the consent of the governed ; and that whenever any form 
of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right 
of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new govern- 
ment, laying its foundations on such principles, and organizing 
its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to 
effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dic- 
tate that governments long established should not be changed 
for light and transient causes ; and, accordingly, all experience 
hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while 
evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the 
forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of 
abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, 
evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is 
their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and 
to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been 
the patient sufferance of these colonies, and such is now the 
necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems 
of government. The history of the present king of Great 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 30$ 

Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all hav- 
ing in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny- 
over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a 
candid world, (a — 342 words.) 

He refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and neces- 
sary for the public good. 

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate 
and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operations 
till his assent should be obtained ; and, when so suspended, 
he has utterly neglected to attend to them. 

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of 
iarge districts of the people, unless those people would relin- 
quish the right of representation in the legislature— a right 
inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. 

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, 
uncomfortable, and distant from the repository of their public 
records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into a compli- 
ance with his measures. He has dissolved representative 
houses repeatedly for opposing with manly firmness his inva- 
sion of the rights of the people. 

He has refused for a long time after such dissolutions to 
cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, 
incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large 
for their exercise, — the State remaining, in the meantime, ex- 
posed to all the dangers of invasion from without and con- 
vulsions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States 
— for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalization of 
foreigners, refusing to pass others to encourage their migration 
hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of 
lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice by refusing 
his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the 
tenure of their office and the amount and payment of their 
salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither 



306 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

swarms of officers to harass our people and eat out their sub- 
stance, (b — 292 words.) 

He has kept among us, in time of peace, standing armies, 
without the consent of our legislatures. 

He has effected to render the military independent of, and 
superior to, the civil power. 

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdic- 
tion foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our 
laws,---giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation. 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops against us ; 

For protecting them by a mock trial from punishment of any 
murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these 
States ; 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world ; 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent ; 

For depriving us in many cases of the benefit of trial by 
jury ; 

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended 
offenses ; 

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neigh- 
boring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, 
and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an ex- 
ample and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute 
rule into these colonies ; 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable 
laws, and altering, fundamentally, the forms of our govern- 
ments ; 

For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring them- 
selves invested "with power to legislate for us in all cases what- 
soever. 

He has abdicated government here by declaring us out of his 
protection and waging war against us. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our 
towns, and destroyed the lives of our people, (c — 252 words.) 

He is at this time transporting large bodies of foreign mer- 
cenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny 
already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 307 

paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the 
head of a civilized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow- citizens, taken captive on the 
high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the 
executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves 
by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrection against us, and has en- 
deavored to bring upon the inhabitants of our frontiers the 
merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an un- 
distinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for re- 
dress in the most humble terms. Our repeated petitions have 
been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose char- 
acter is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is 
unfit to be the ruler of a free people. 

Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British breth- 
ren. We have warned them, from time to time, of the attempts 
by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction 
over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our 
emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their 
native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, 
by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpa- 
tions, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and 
correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of jus- 
tice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the 
necessity which denounces our separation, and hold them, as 
we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war — in peace, friends, 
(d— 284 words.) 

We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of 
America, in general congress assembled, appealing to the Su- 
preme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, 
do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people of 
these colonies, solemnly publish and declare that these United 
Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent 
States ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British 
crown, and that all political connection between them and the 
State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; 



308 LITERARY SELECTIONS. 

and that, as free and independent States, they have full power 
to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish com- 
merce, and do all other acts and things which independent 
States may of right do. And for the support of this declara- 
tion, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Provi- 
dence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, 
and our sacred honor, (e — 158 words.) 
No. 59.— 1,328 words. 

The Union. 

I profess, in my career hitherto, to have kept steadily in view 
the prosperity and honor of the whole country, and the preser- 
vation of the Federal Union. It is to that Union we owe our 
safety at home, and our consideration and dignity abroad. It 
is to that Union that we are chiefly indebted for whatever makes 
us most proud of our country. That Union we reached only by 
the discipline of our virtues, in the severe school of adversity. 
It had its origin in the necessities of disordered finance, pros- 
trate commerce and ruined credit. Under its benign influences, 
these great interests immediately awoke, as from the dead, and 
sprang forth with newness of life. Every year of its duration 
has teemed with fresh proofs of its utility and its blessings ; 
and although our territory has stretched out wider and wider, 
and our population spread farther and farther, they have not 
outrun its protection or its benefits. It has been to us all a 
copious fountain of national, social and personal happiness, 
(a — 172 words.) 

I have not allowed myself to look beyond the Union to see 
what might lie hidden in the dark recess behind. I have not 
coolly weighed the chances of preserving liberty, when the 
bonds that unite us together shall be broken asunder. I have 
not accustomed myself to hang over the precipice of disunion, 
to see whether, with my short sight, I can fathom the depth of 
the abyss below ; nor could I regard him as a safe counselor in 
the affairs of this government, whose thoughts should be mainly 
bent on considering, not how the Union should be best pre- 
served, but how tolerable might be the condition of the people 
when it shall be broken up and destroyed, (b — 119 words.) 



LITERARY SELECTIONS. 309 

While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying 
prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. Be- 
yond that I seek not to penetrate the veil. God grant that, in 
my day at least, that curtain may not rise. " God grant that on 
my vision never may be opened what lies behind. When my 
eyes shall be turned to behold, for the last time, the sun in 
heaven, may I not see him shining on the broken and dishon- 
ored fragments of a once glorious Union ; on States dissevered, 
discordant, belligerent ; on a land rent with civil feuds, or 
drenched, it may be, in fraternal blood ! Let their last feeble and 
lingering glance rather behold the gorgeous ensign of the 
republic, now known and honored throughout the earth, still full 
high advanced, its arms and trophies streaming in their original 
lustre, not a stripe erased or polluted, not a single star obscured ; 
bearing for its motto no such miserable interrogatory as — 
" What is all this worth ? " Nor those other words of delusion 
and folly, " Liberty first, and Union afterwards "; but every- 
where, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on 
all its ample folds as they float over the sea and over the land, 
and in every wind under the whole heavens, that other senti- 
ment dear to every true American heart — Liberty and Union, 
now and forever, one and inseparable, (c — 224 words.) 

No. 60. — 5 15 words. Daniel Webster, 



In some far-away and yet undreamt-of hour, I can even 
imagine that England may cast all thoughts of possessive 
wealth back to the barbaric nations among whom they first 
arose ; and that, while the sands of the Indus and adamant of 
Golconda may yet stiffen the housings of the charger and flash 
from the turban of the slave, she, as a Christian mother, may 
at last attain to the virtues and the treasures of a heathen one, 
and be able to lead forth her Sons, saying, " These are my 
jewels." — Ruskin. 

93 words. 



EXPLANATION. 

In order that this List may be clearly understood, the follow- 
ing explanation should be noted : 

Verbs ending with a mute e are indicated by a small capital 
E, the past and present participle endings being placed in paren- 
theses immediately following the root verb. For example : 
" BereavE', (ed, ing)," — thus giving the three words, bereave, 
bereaved, bereaving. 

Verbs closing with a consonant also have the tense endings 
in parentheses, the final consonant being doubled where neces- 
sary. 



310 



PART V. 

SPELLING LIST. 



Aback' 

Ab'acua 

Abad'don 

Abaft' 

Aban'don (ed, ing) 

Abandonment 

AbasE' (ed ing) 

Abash- (ed, ing) 

Abat'able 

AbatE' (ed, ing) 

Abate'ment 

Abattoir' 

Abb 

Ab'baey 

Ab'be 

Ab'bess 

Ab'bey 

AbTxtf 

Abbre'viatE (ed, ing) 

Ab'dicatE (ed, ing) 

Abdica'tion 

Abdo'men 

Abdom'ma) 

AbdueE' (ed, ing) 

Abduct' (ed. ing) 

Abed" 

Abearance 

Abet' (ted, ting) 

Abet'tor 

Abey'ance 

Abhor'rence 

Abid'ance 

AbidE' (ing) 

Ab'igail 

Abil'ity 

Abiogen'esis 

Ab'jeet 

Abjec'tion 

Ab'jeetness 

Abjura'tion 

AbjurE' (ed, ing) 

Abla'tion 

Ablative 

Ablaze' 

A'ble 

Able-bod'ied 

Ab'luen f 

Ablu'tion 

A'bly 

Ab'negatE (ed, ing) 

Abnor'mal 

Aboard' 

Abode' 

Abol'ish (ed. ing) 

Abol'ishable 

Aboli'tion 

Aboli'tionist 

Abom'inable 

Abom'inably 

Abom'inatE (ed. ing) 

Aborig'inal 

Aborig'ines 

Abor'tion 

Abor'tive 



Abound' (ed, ing) 

About' 

Above' 

Above'-board 

Abraeadab'ra 

AbradE' (ed, ing) 

Abra'sion 

Abreast' 

AbridgE' (ed, ing) 

Abridg'ment 

Abroad' 

Ab'rogatE (ed, ing) 

Abrupt' 

Abruptly 

Ab'scess 

Abscind' (ed, ing) 

Abseis'sion 

Abscond' (ed, ing) 

Ab'sence 

Ab'sent 

Absent' (ed, ing) 

Absentee' 

Absinthe' 

Ab'solute 

Absolu'tion 

Ab'solutism 

Absol'vatory 

AbsolvE' (ed,ing) 

Absorb' (ed, ing) 

Absorb'abie 

Absorp'tion 

Absorp'tive 

Abstain' (ed, ing) 

Abste'mious 

Absten'tion 

Abster'gent 

Ab'stinence 

Abstract' (ed, ing) 

Ab'stract 

Ab'stractedness 

Abstrae'tion 

Abstruse' 

Abstruse'ness 

Absurd' 

Absurdly 

Abun'danee 

Abun'dant 

Abus'able 

AbusE' (ed, ing) 

Abu'sive 

Abut' (ted, ting) 

Abut'ment 

Abysm' 

Abyss' 

Abyssin'ian 

Aca'cia 

Academ'ical 

Academi'eian 

Aead'emy 

Ae'ajou 

Acan'thus 

AceedE' (ed, ing) 

Accel'eratE (ed, ing) 

Accelerator 



Ac'cent 

Accent' (ed, ing) 

Aceent'uatE (ed, ing) 

Accept' (ed, ing) 

Aeeept'able 

Aceept'anee 

Aeeepta'tion 

Accept'or 

Ac'eess 

Aeces'sible 

Aeces'sibly 

Acees'sion 

Acces'sory 

Ae'cident 

Aeciden'tal 

Acclaim' 

Aeelama'tion 

Accli'matizE (ed, ing) 

Accliv'ity 

Accom'modatE (ed, 

ing) 
Accom'panied 
Accom'panier 
Accom'paniment 
Accom'panist 
Accom'pany (ing) 
Accom'plice 
Aeeom'plish (ed. ing) 
Aecom'plishment 
Accord' (ed, ing) 
Accor'dion 
Accost' (ed, ing) 
Aeeouehe'ment 
Accoucheur' 
Account' (ed, ing) 
Aceount'ably 
Account'ant 
Accou'trement 
Accred'it (ed, ing) 
Aecres'eent 
Aeere'tion 
AccruE' (ed, ing) 
Accru'ment 
Accu'mulatE (ed, ing) 
Aecu'mulative 
Ae'curate 
AceursE' (ed, ing) 
Accus'able 
Aeeusa'tion 
Accu'sative 
Accu'satory 
Accuse' (ed, ing) 
Accus'tom (ed, ing) 
Accus'tomedness 
Ace 

Aceph'ala 
Aeeph'alous 
Acerb' 
Aeerb'ity 
Aeet'ic 
Acetiflca'tion 
Aeet'ify (ing) 
AehE (ed.ing) 
AchievE'(ed, ing) 



Achieve'ment 

Aehromat'ic 

Aehro'matism 

Ac'id 

Acid'ify (ing) 

Acid'ity 

Acid'ulous 

Aeknowi edgE (ed 

ing) 
Acknowledgment 
Ac'me 
Ae'olyte 
Ae'onite 
A'eorn 
Acous'tics 
Acquaint' (ed, ing) 
Acquaintance 
AcquieseE' (ed, ing) 
AcquirE' (ed. ing) 
Acquis'itiveness 
Acquit' (ted, ting) 
Acquit'tal 
A'cre 
A'ereage 
Ae'rid 

Acrimo'nious 
Ae'rimony 
Ae'robat 
Across' 
Acros'tie 
Act (ed. ing) 
Ae'tinism 
Actinom eter 
Ae'tion 
Ae'tionable 
Aet'ive 
Aetiv'ity 
Ac'tor 
Ac'tress 
Aet'ual 
Act'uary 
Aet'uatE (ed, ing) 
Aeu'ity 
Aeu'men 
Acupuncture 
Acute' 
Ad'age 
Ada'gio 
Ad'amant 
Ad'am's-apple 
Adapt* (ed, ing) 
Adaptability 
Adaptation 
Adapt'ive 
Add (ed,ting) 
Adden'dum 
Ad'der 
Ad'dible 
Addict' (ed, ing) 
Addi'tion 
Addi'tional 
Ad'dle 

Ad'dle-head'ed 
Address' (ed, ing) 



(3") 



3* 2 



SPELLING LIST. 



Address'es 

AddueE' (ed, ing) 

Adduc'tor 

Adept 1 

Adequacy 

Ad'equate 

Ad'equately 

Adhers' (ed, ing) 

Adhe'renee 

Adhe'sion 

Adhe'sive 

Adieu' 

Ad inflni'tum 

Ad interim 

Adipose' 

Ad'it 

Adja'cency 

Adja'cent 

Ad'jeetive 

Adjoin' (ed, ing) 

Adjourn' (ed, ing) 

Adjourn'ment 

Adju'dieatE (ed, ing) 

Adjudica'tion 

Ad'junet 

Adjura'tion 

AdjurE' (ed, ing) 

Adjust' (ed, ing) 

Adjust'able 

Adjust'ment 

Ad'jutancy 

Ad'jutant 

Adju'tor 

Admeasurement 

Admin'ister (ed, ing) 

Administrative 

Administra'tor 

Administra'trix 

Ad'mirable 

Ad'mirably 

Ad'miral 

Ad'miralty 

Admira'tion 

AdmirE' (ed, ing) 

Admis'slble 

Admis'sion 

Admit' (ted, ting) 

Admittance 

Admix' (ed, ing) 

Admix'ture 

Admon'ish (ed, ing) 

Admonishment 

Admoni'tion 

Admon'itor 

Adnas'cent 

Ado' 

Ado'be 

Adoles'cence 

Adoles'cent 

Ado'nis 

Adopt' (ed.ing) 

Adop'tion 

Adop'tive 

Ador'able 

Adora'tion 

AdorE' (ed, ing) 

Adorn' (ed, ing) 

Adorn'ment 

Adown' 

Adrift' 

Adroit' 

Adroitly 

Adroit'ness 

Adula'tion 

Ad'ulator 

Adult' 

Adul'terant 

Adul'teratE (ed, ing) 

Adultera'tion 

Adul'terer 

Adul'teress 

Adul'terous 

Adul'tery 



Ad valorem 

AdvaneE' (ed, ing) 

Advance'ment 

Advan'tage 

Advanta'geous 

Ad'vent 

Adventitious 

Adven'ture 

Adven'turer 

Adven'turesome 

Adven'turous 

Ad'verb 

Ad'versary 

Ad'verse 

Adver'sity 

Advert' (ed.ing) 

Adver'tent 

Ad'vertisE (ed, ing) 

Adver'tisement 

Advice' 

Advis'able 

Ad vis' ably 

Ad vis e' (ed.ing) 

Advis'edly 

Advis edness 

Ad'vocacy 

Ad'vocatE (ed, ing) 

Adze 

iE'gis 

A'eratE (ed, ing) 

Aera'tion 

Ae'rial 

Ae'rie 

A'erolite 

Aerom'eter 

A'eronaut 

Aeronaut'ics 

A'erostat 

Aerostat'ics 

.Esthetlcism 

.Esthetics 

Afar' 

Affabil'ity 

Affable 

Affably 

Affair' 

Affect' (ed, ing) 

Affecta'tion 

Affec'tion 

Affec'tionate 

Affec'tioned 

Affi'ancE (ed, ing) 

Affida'vit 

Affil'iatE (ed, ing) 

Affilia'tion 

Affin'ity 

Affirm (ed, ing) 

Affirm'able 

Affirm a'tion 

Afflrm'ative 

Affix' (ed, ing) 

Affix'ture 

Affia'tion 

Affia'tus 

Afflict' (ed, ing) 

Afflict'edness 

Afflic'tion 

Affluence 

Affluent 

Afford' (ed. ing) 

Affran'ehisE (ed, ing) 

Affray' 

Affright' (ed. ing) 

Affright'edly 

Affront' (ed, ing) 

Afghan 

Afield' 

Afire' 

Afloat' 

Afoot' 

Afore' 

Afore'mentioned 

Afore'said 



Afore'thought 

Afraid' 

Afresh' 

African 

Aft 

After 

After-ages 

After-birth 

Aftercrop 

Afternoon 

After-pains 

Afterpart 

Afterpiece 

Afterthought 

Afterward 

Again' 

Against' 

Agape' 

Ag'ate 

Aga've 

Age 

A ? ged 

A'gency 

A'gent 

Agglom'eratE (ed, ing) 

Agglomera'tion 

Agglu'tinatE (ed, ing) 

Agglutina'tion 

Aggrandiz'able 

Ag*grandizE (ed, ing) 

Ag'gravatE (ed, ing) 

Aggravation 

Ag^gregatE (ed, ing) 

Aggregation 

Ag'gregator 

Aggress' (ed, ing) 

Aggres'sive 

Aggress'or 

Aggriev'ance 

Aghast' 

Ag'ile 

Agil'ity 

Agist' 

Ag'itatE (ed, ing) 

Agita'tion 

Agitator 

Ag'nail 

Ag'nate 

Agnos'tic 

Agnos'ticism 

Agog' 

Ag'onizE (ed.ing) 

Agra'rian 

Agra'rianism 

Agree' (ing) 

Agreeabil'ity 

Agree'able 

Agree'ably 

Agreed' 

Agree'ment 

Agricult'ural 

Ag'ri culture 

Aground' 

A*gue 

Ahead' 

Ahoy' 

Aid (ed, ing) 

Aid'-de-eamp 

Ai'grette 

Ail (ed. ing) 

Ail'ment 

Aim(ed, ing) 

Aim'less 

Air (ed, ing) 

Air'-gun 

Airily 

Air' -pump 

Airs 

Air'-shaft 

Air'-tight 

Air'y 

Aisle 

Aitch'-bone 



Akim'bo 

Akin' 

Al'abaster 

Alac'rity 

Alai*m' (ed, ing) 

Alarm'ist 

Alb' 

AlTsatrosa 

Albes'cent 

AlTaicore 

Albi'no 

Al'bum 

Albu'men 

Albu'minous 

Albu'minuria 

Alehem'ical 

Al'chemy 

Al'cohol 

Alcohol'ic 

Al'coholism 

Alcohom'eter 

Al'coran 

Al'cove 

Al'derman 

Ale 

Aleak' 

Alee' 

Alem'bic 

Alert' 

Alert'ness 

Alexan'drine 

Al'gebra 

Algebra'ic 

Algebra'ically 

Al p gid 

Algid'ity 

Alibi 

Al'ien 

Alienability 

Al'ienatE (ed, ing) 

Aliena'tion 

Alienator 

Alienee' 

Alienor' 

Aliform 

Align'ment 

Ailment 

Aliment'ary 

Aliment'al 

Alimenta'tion 

Alimony 

Aliquot 

Alkales'ceney 

Alkales'cent 

Al'kali [fled 

Alkallfy (injr), alkali- 

Alkalim'eter 

Al'kaline 

Allah 

Allay' (ed.ing) 

Allegation 

AllegE' (ed, ing) 

Allege'able 

Alle'giance 

Allegor'ical 

Allegorlcally 

Allegory 

Alle'viatE (ed, ing) 

Alle'viative 

Alley 

All-fours' 

Allia'ceous 

Alli'ance 

Allies' 

Alligator 

Allitera'tion 

Allit'erative 

Allium 

AllocatE (ed, ing) 

Alloca'tion 

Alloeu'tion 

Allo'dial 

Allo'dium 



SPELLING LIST. 



313 



Allopath'ic 

Allop'athist 

Allop'athy 

Allot' (ted, ting) 

Allot'inent 

Allow' (ed, ing) 

Allow'able 

Allo-w-'ably 

Allow'anee 

Alloy' (ed, ing) 

All'spiee 

AlludE' (ed, ing) 

AIIute' (ed, ing) 

Allure'ment 

Allu'sion 

Allu'sive 

Allu'sory 

Allu'vium 

Ally' (ing), allied 

Al ma Mater 

Almight'iness 

Almight'y 

Al'mond 

Al'moner 

Alms 

AlmsTiouse 

Al'oe 

Aloet'ie 

Aloft' 

Along'shore 

Along'side 

Aloof 

Alp 

Alpac'a 

ATpha 

Al'phabet 

Alphabetical 

Al'pine 

Ai'tar 

Al'tar-piece 

Al'ter (ed, ing) 

Alteration 

Al'terative 

Alterca'tion 

Alter'natE (ed.ing) 

Alternation 

Alter'native 

Aitim'eter 

Altis'onant 

Al'titude 

Al'to 

Al'truism 

Altruis'tic 

Al'um 

Alu'mina 

Aluminif'eroua 

Alumtn'ium 

Alu'minum 

Alum'nus 

Al'veolar 

Al'veolat© 

Al'veolus 

Al'vine 

Al'ways 

Am'adou 

Amain' 

Amal'gam 

Amal'gamatE (ed, ing) 

Am alg am a'tion 

Amanuen'sis 

Am'aranth 

Amass' fed, ing) 

Amateur 7 

Am'ative 

Am'ativeness 

Am'atory 

Amauro'sis 

AmazE' (ed, ing) 

Amaze'ment 

Amaz'mgly 

Am'azon 

Amba'ges 

Ambas'sador 



Am'ber 

Am'bergris 

Ambidex'trous 

Am'bient 

Ambigu'ity 

Ambig'uous 

Am 'bit 

Am'blE (ed, ing) 

Ambro'sia 

Ambro'sial 

Am'bulanee 

Ambulatory 

Ambuscade' 

Am'bush 

Ameliorable 

Ame'lioratE (ed, ing) 

Amelioration 

Amen' 

Amenabil'ity 

Amen'able 

Amend' (ed, ing) 

Amend'able 

Amend'ment 

A m ends' 

Amen'ity 

AmereE'(ed,ing) 

Ameree'ment 

/ethyst 
Amiabil'ity 
A'miable 
A'miably 
Amieabil'ity 
Am'ieable 
Am'ieably 
Am'idine 
Amid'ships 
Am'ity 
Ammo'nia 
Ammo'niae 
Am'monite 
Ammuni'tion 
Am'nesty 
Amne'sia 
Am'orous 
Arnor'phous 
Amortiza'tion 
Amount' (ed, ing) 
Amour' 
Amphib'ian " 
Amphib'ious 
Amphithe'atre 
Am'pJiora - 
Am'ple 
Am'pleness 
Am'pliatE (ed, ing) 
Amplifiea'tion 
Am'plify (ing), ampli 

fled 
Am'plitude 
Ampulla'ceous 
Am'putatE (ed, ing) 
Amputa'tion 
Amuck' 
Am'ulet 
Am use' (ed, ing) 
Amuse'ment 
Amu'sive 
Amyg'dalate 
Amyla'ceous 
Am'yline 
Anabap'tism 
Anabap'tist 
Anach'ronism 
Anach'ronistie 
Anaeon'da 
Anacreon'tic 
Anee'mia 
Ansestbe'sia 
An'aglypb 
Anaglyp'tic 
Anagog'ieal 
Anagog'ies 
An'agram 



A'nal 

Analec'tie 

Analep'tie 

Anal'ogism 

Anal'ogous 

An'alogue 

Anal'ogy 

Anal'ysis 

Analytical 

Analyt'ies 

Analyz'able 

An'alyzE (ed, ing) 

Anar'chical 

An'arcbism 

An'archist 

An'arcby 

Anasar'cous 

Anastal'tie 

Anastat'ic 

Anatb'ema 

Anatom'ieal 

Anat'omist 

Anat'omy 

Anees'tral 

An'eestry 

An'ebor (ed, ing) 

Aneh'orage 

Aneb'orite 

Anebo'vy 

Anchylo'sis 

An'eillary 

Aneip'ital 

And'iron 

An'eedotal 

Anecdot'ieal 

An'eedote 

AnelE' (ed, ing) 

Anemom'eter 

Anem'one 

Anem'oseope 

An'eroid 

An'eurism 

Aneuris'mal 

An'gel 

Angel'ically 

An'ger (ed, ing) 

Angi'na 

Angiot'omy 

An'glE (ed, ing) 

An'gliean 

An'glicizE (ed, ing) 

Angostu'ra 

An'gry 

An'guish 

An'gular 

Angular'ity 

Anbela'tion 

Anby'drous 

An'il 

Anil'ity 

Animadver'sion 

Animadvert' (ed,ing) 

An'imal 

Animal'eular 

Animal'cule 

An'imatE (ed, ing) 

Anima'tion 

An'imator 

Animos'ity 

An'imus 

An'ise 

Ank'er 

An'kle 

Anklet 



An'nalist 
An'nals 

Anneal' (ed, ing) 
Annec'tant 
An'nelides 
Annex' (ed, ing) 
Annexation 
Anni'Mlable 



AnniTiilatE (ed, ing) 

Annihilation 

Anniver'sary 

An'notatE (ed, ing) 

Annotation 

Annota'tor 

Annota'tory 

Annot'to 

Annoy' (ed, ing) 

Annoy'ance 

An'nual 

Annu'ity 

Annul' (led, ling) 

Annular 

An'nulet 

Annul'ment 

Annu'meratE (ed, ing) 

Annuneia'tion 

Annun'ciator 

An'odyne 

Anoint' (ed, ing) 

Anom'alous 

Anom'aly 

Anon' 

Anon'ymous 

Anor'tboseope 

Anos'mia 

An'serine 

Aa'swer (ed, ing) 

An'swerable 

An'swerably 

Ant 

Antag'onism 

Antag'onist 

Antarc'tie 

Anfbear 

Ante-bellum 

Anteee'denee 

Antece'dent 

An'teebamber 

An'tedatE (ed, ing) 

Antedilu'vian 

An'telope 

Antemerid'ian 

Antemun'dane 

Anten'nae 

Antenup'tial 

Antepas'ebal 

Antepenul'timate 

Antepenult' 

Ante'rior 

Ante'riorly 

Ante-room 

Antbelmin'tic 

An 'them 

Antbolog'ieal 

Anthol'ogy 

An'thraeite 

An'thrax 

An'thropoid 

Anthropol'ogy 

Anthropomor'phous 

Antbropopb'agous 

Anthropoph'agy 

Antibil'ious 

An 'tic 

An'tiehrist 

Antieh'ronism 

Antie'ipant 

Antie'ipatE (ed, ing) 

Anticipation 

Antic'ipator 

Antieli'max 

Anticli'nal 

Anticonta'gious 

An'tidotal 

An'tidote 

Antifeb'rile 

Antil'ogy 

Antimason'ie 

Antimo'nial 

An'timony 

Antino'miaa 



3H 



SPELLING LIST. 



An'tinomy 

Antipath'ie 

Antip'athy 

Antiphlogis'tic 

Antiph'rasis 

Antip'odes 

An'tipope 

Antiqua'rian 

An'tiquary 

Antique' 

Antiq'uity 

Antiscorbu'tics 

Antiscript'ural 

Antisep'tie 

Antislav'ery 

Antispasmod'ic 

Antithe'ism 

Antithe'ist 

Antith'esis 

An'titype 

Antler 

A'nus 

An'vil 

Anxi'ety 

An'ywise 

A'orist 

Aor'ta 

Apace' 

Apart'ment 

Apart'ments 

Apathet'ic 

Ap'athy 

ApE (ed, ing) 

Ape'i'ient 

Ap'erture 

A'pex 

Aphe'lion 

Aphlogis'tic 

Aph'ony 

Aph'orism 

Aphoris'tieal 

Aphrodis'iac 

Aph'thae 

Aphyllous 

A'piarist 

A'piary 

Apic'ulate 

A'pish 

Apoe'alypse 

Apoe'rypna 

Apoe'ryphal 

Ap'odal 

Ap'ogee 

Apologet'ic 

Apol'ogist 

Ap'ologue 

Apol'ogy 

Ap'ophthegin 

Apoplee'tie 

Ap'oplexy 

Apos'tasy 

Apos'tate 

Apos'tatizE (ed, ing) 

Apos'tle 

Apostol'ie 

Apos'trophe 

Apoth'ecary 

Apothe'osis 

Appall' (ed, ing) 

Appara'tus 

Appar'el (ed, ing) 

Appar'ent 

Appari'tion 

Appeall' (ed,ing) 

Appeal'able 

Appear* (ed, ing) 

Appear'ance 

Appeas'able 

AppeasE' (ed, ing) 

Appease'ment 

Appea'sive 

Appel'lant 

Appel'late 



Appella'tion 

Appellee' 

Appellor' 

Append' (ed, ing) 

Append'age 

Appen'dant 

Appen'dix 

Appetency 

Ap'petite 

Applaud' (ed,ing) 

Applause' 

Appli'able 

Appli'ance 

Applicabil'ity 

Ap'plicable 

Ap'plicant 

Applica'tion 

Applicative 

Apply' (ing), applied 

Appoint' (ed.'-ing) 

Appoint'able 

Appointee' 

Appoint'ment 

Appor'tion (ed, ing) 

Apportionment 

Ap'posite 

Apposi'tion 

Apprai'sal 

AppraisE' (ed, ing) 

Appraise'ment 

Appre'ciable 

Appre'eiatE (ed, ing) 

Apprecia'tion 

Apprehend' (ed, ing) 

Apprehen'sion 

Apprehen'sive 

Appren'tice 

ApprisE' (ed, ing) 

ApprizE'(ed, ing) 

Approach' (ed, ing) 

Approach/able 

Approba'tion 

Approba'tory 

Appro'priatE (ed, ing) 

Appropriation 

Appro^priator 

Approv'able 

Approv'al 

ApprovE' (ed, ing) 

Approx'imatE(ed,ing) 

Approxima'tion 

Ap'pulse 

Appur'tenanee 

Appur'tenant 

A'pricot 

Apropos' 

Apt 

Ap'titude 

Apt'ness 

Apyret'ic 

A'qua 

A'qua- for tis 

Aqua'rium 

Aquat'ie 

A'quatint 

A'qua-vi'tae 

Aq'ueduct 

A'queous 

Aq'uline 

Ar'abesque 

Ar'able 

Arach'noid 

Arama'ic 

Ara'neous 

Arbitrament 

Arbitrarily 

Ar'bitrary 

Ar'bitratE (ed, ing) 

Arbitra'tion 

Ar'bitrator 

Ar'bor 

Arbores'cent 

Arbores'eenee 



Arboricult'ural 

Arboricult'ure 

Ar'bor vi'tae 

Arc 

Arcade' 

Arca'dian 

Arcana 

Arca'num 

Arch (ed, ing) 

Archaeological 

Arehaeol'ogist 

Arehaeol'ogy 

Archa'ic 

Archa'ism 

Arehan'gel 

Arehbish'op 

Archdea'eon 

Archdi'ocese 

Archdu'cal 

Arehen'emy 

Arch'ery 

Arelres-eourt 

Archety'pal 

Ar'chetype 

Archflend' 

Archiepis'copal 

Archiepis'copate 

Archipel'ago 

Ar'ehitect 

Ar'chitecture 

Ar'chitrave 

Ar'chive 

Arch'ly 

Arch'ness 

Archpriest' 

Archtrai'tor 

Areh'way 

Arc'tic 

Ar'cuate 

Arcua'tion 

Ar'dent 

Ar'dently 

Ar'dor 

Ar'duous 

A'rea 

Arefac'tion 

Are'na 

Are'ola 

Areom'eter 

Areop'agus 

Ar'gent 

Ar'gil 

Argilliferous 

Argillite 

Ar'gosy 

Ar'guE (ed, ing) 

Ar'gurnent 

Argumentative 

Ar'gus 

A'ria 

A'rians 

Ar'id 

Arid'ity 

Ar'idness 

A'ries 

A'risE (ingVarose 

Aristoc'raey 

Aris'tocrat 

Aristotelian 

Arith'metic 

Arithmet'ical 

Ark 

Arm (ed, ing) 

Arma'da 

Armadillo 

Ar 'mature 

Arm'ful 

Armig'erous 

Armip'otent 

Ar'mistice 

Armlet 

Ar'mor 

Ar'morer 



Armo'rial 
Armor'ican 
Ar'mor-plated 
Ar'mory 
Arm'-pit 
Arms 
Ar'my 
Aro'ma 
Aromat'ic 
Aro'matizE (ed, ing) 
ArousE' (ed, ing) 
Arpeg'gio 
Ar r pent 
Ar'quebuse 
Arrack' 

Arraign' (ed, ing) 
Arraign'ment 
ArrangE' (ed, iug) 
Arrange'ment 
Ar'rant 
Array' (ed, ing) 
Arrears' 
Arrest' (ed, ing) 
Arri'val 
ArrivE' (ed, ing) 
Ar'rogance 
Ar'rogant 
Ar'rogatE (ed, ing) 
Arroga'tion 
Ar'row 
Ar'rowroot 
Ar'senal 
Ar'senic 
Ar'son 
Art 

Arte'rial 
Arteriot'omy 
Ar'tery 
Arte'sian-well 
Art'ful 
Arthri'tis 
Ar'tichoke 
Ar'tielE (ed, ing) 
Artic'ular 
Artic'ulatE (ed, ing) 
Articula'tion 
Ar'tifice 
Artificer 
Artifi'cial 
Artiflcial'ity 
Artil'lery 
Artil'leryman 
Ar'tisan 
Ar'tist 
.Artis'tie 
Artless 
Art'lessly 
Arundina'ceous 
Arts 

Asafcet'ida 
Asbes'tos 
Ascend' (ed, ing) 
Ascend'ant 
Ascend'ency 
Ascen'sion 
Ascent' 

Ascertain' (ed, ing) 
Ascet'ic 
Aseet'icism 
As'cians 
Asci'tes 

AseribE' (ed, ing) 
Ascrip'tion 
Asep'tie 
Asex'ual 
Ashamed' 
Ash'en 
Ash'lar 
Aside' 
As'inine 
Asi'phonate 
Askance' 
Askew' 



SPELLING LIST. 



315 



ing) 



Aslant' 

Asleep' 

Asp 

Aspar'agin 

Aspar'agus 

As'peet 

As'pen 

Asperity 

AspersE'(ed, 

Asper'sion 

Asphalt' 

A3phal'tic 

A3'phodel 

Asphyxia 

Aspir'ant 

As'piratE (ed, ing) 

Aspira'tion 

AspirE' (ed, ing) 

Asquint' 

Ass 

Assail' (ed, ing) 

Assail'ant 

Assas'sin 

Assas'sinatE (ed, ing) 

Assassina'tion 

Assault' (ed, ing) 

Assay' (ed, ing) 

Assay'er 

Assem'blage 

Assem'blE (ed, ing) 

Assem'bly 

Assent' (ed, ing) 

Assen'tient 

Assent'ingly 

Assen'tive 

Assert' (ed, ing) 

Asser'tor 

Assess' (ed, ing) 

Assess'able 

Assess'ment 

Assess'or 

As'sets 

Assev'eratE (ed, ing) 

Assevera'tion 

Assidu'ity 

Assid'uous 

Assign' (ed, ing) 

Assign'able 

Assign a' tion 

Assignee' 

Assign'ment 

Assignor' 

Assim'ilatE (ed, ing) 

Assimila'tion 

Assist' (ed, ing) 

Assist'anee 

Assist'ant 



Asso'eiable 

Asso'eiatE (ed, ing) 

Assoeia'tion 

Asso'ciative 

As'sonant 

Assort' (ed, ing) 

Assort'ment 

AssuagE' (ed,ing) 

Assuage'ment 

Assua'sive 

AssumE' (ed, ing) 

Assump'sit 

Assumption 

Assur'anee 

AssurE' (ed, ing) 

Assuredly 

As'ter 

As'terisk 

As'terism 

Astern' 

As'teroid 

Asthe'nia 

Asthen'ic 

Asth'ma 



Asthmat'ic 

Asthmatlcal 

Astonish (ed, ing) 

Astonishment 

Astound' (ed, ing) 

Astrad'dle 

As'tral 

Astray' 

Astrie'tion 

Astrin'gent 

As'trolabe 

Astrol'oger 

Astrol'ogy 

Astron'omer 

Astron'omy 

Astute' 

Asun'der 

Asy'lum 

Asymptotical 

At'aghan 

Atax'y 

Atelier 7 

Athana'sian 

A'theism 

A'theist 

Athense'um 

Athero'ma 

Athlete 

Athletic 

Atlante'an 

Atlas 

At'mosphere 

At'om 

Atomic 

AtonE' (ed, ing) 

Atone'ment 

Atonic 

Atrabilious 

Atro'cious 

At'rophy 

Attach' (ed, ing) 

Attach'able 

Attach'ment 

Attack' (ed, ing) 

Attaek'able 

Attain' (ed, ing) 

Attain'der 

Attain'ment 

Attaint' (ed, ing) 

At'tar 

Attempt' 

Attempt'able 

Attend' (ed, ing) 

Attend'ant 

Attent' 

Atten'tion 

Atten'tive 

Atten'uant 

Atten'uatE (ed,ing) 

Attenua'tion 

Attest' (ed.ing) 

Attesta'tion 

Attes'tor 

At'tic 

At'tieism 

AttirE' (ed, ing) 

At'titude 

Attitu'dinal 

Attitu'dinizE (ed, ing) 

Attor'ney 

Attract' (ed, ing) 

Attrae'tion 

Attractive 

Attrib'utable 

Attrib'utE (ed, ing) 

At'tribute 

Attri'tion 

AttunE' (ed, ing) 

Autmrn 

Aue'tion 

Auctioneer' 

Auda'cious 

Auda'ciousness 



Audacity 

Au'dible 

Au'dienee 

Audlphone 

Au'dit (ed, ing) 

Au'ditor 

Au'ditory 

Auge'an 

Au'ger 

Aught' 

Augment' (ed.ing) 

Aug'ment 

Augmenta'tion 

Augmen'tative 

Au'gur (ed, ing) 

Au'gury 

Au'gust 

ALlgUSt' 

Augus'tan 

Augus'tines 

Auk 

Aunt 

Aure'ola 

Au'rephone 

Auricle 

Aurie'ular 

Auriferous 

Au'rist 

Au'rochs 

Auro'ra 

Ausculta'tion 

Au'spices 

Auspi'cious 

Austere' 

Austerity 

Au'stral 

Authen'tic 

Authentically 

Authen tiea'tion 

Authenticity 

Au'thor 

Au'thoress 

Authoritative 

Authority 

Authoriza'tion 

Au'thorizE (ed, ing) 

Au'thorship 

Autobiographical 

Autobiog'raphy 

Autoe'racy 

Au'toerat 

Au'tograph 

Automatic 

Autom'aton 

Auton'omy 

Au'topsy 

Autum'nal 

Auxiliary 

Avail' (ed, ing) 

Avail'able 

Avalanche' 

Av'arice 

Avari'cious 

Avatar* 

A've 

AvengE' (ed, ing) 

Avengeful 

Avenge'ment 

Av'enue 

Aver' (red, ring) 

Av'eragE (ed, ing) 

Aver'ment 

Averse' 

Aver'sion 

Avert' (ed, ing) 

A'viary 

Avidity 

Avoea'tion 

Av'ocet 

Avoid' (ed, ing) 

Avoid'anee 

Avoirdupois' 

Avouch' (ed, ing) 



I Avouch/able 

[Avoueh'ment 

Avow' (ed, ing) 

Avow'al 

Avow'edly; 

Avul'sion 

Avun'eular 

Awak'en (ed, ing) 

Award' (ed, ing) 

Aware' 

Awe (ed, ing) 

Aw'ful 

Awhile' 

Awk'ward 

Awl 

Awning 

Awry' 

Axe 

Axilla 

Axillary 

Axiom 

Axiomatic 

Axis 

Axle 

Ax'olotl 

A'yah 

Aye 

Azalea 

Azimuth. 

yic 

Az'ote 
A'zure 
Azy'gous 



Baa 

BablslE (ed, ing) 



Ba'by 

Ba'bel 

Baboon' 

Babylo'nish 

Baccalau'reate 

Bae chanal 

Bacchanalian 

Baeh'elor 

Bacillus 

Back (ed, ing) 

BacklritE (ing), back- 

Backbone [bitten 

Baekgam'mon 

Back'ground 



Baek'side 

Baek'slide 

Backsliding 

Back'stairs 

Baek'stays 

Baek'ward 

Back'woodsman 

Ba'eon 

Badge 

Badg'er (ed, ing) 

Badinage 

Bad'ness 

Baf'flE (ed, ing) 

Bag 

Bagatelle' 



Bag'pipe 

Bag'reef 

Bail 

Bailee' 

Bailiff 

Bail'ment 

Bail'or 

Bails 

Bait' (ed, ing) 

Baize 

Bajoc'co 



3i6 



SPELLING LIST. 



BakE (ed, ing) 


Barley-corn 


Beak'er 


Bak'ery 


Bar'ley-sugar 


Beam 


Bai'ancE (ed, ing) 


Barm 


Bean 


Bal'cony 


Bar'-maid 


Bean'meal 


Bald 


Barn 


Bearling) ,bore,borne 


Bal'daehin 


Bar'naele 


Beard (ed, ing) 


Bal'derdasli 


Barom'eter 


Beard'less 


Bald'pate 


Bar 'on 


Bear' -garden 


Bal'dric 


Bar'oness 


Bear'ing 


BalE (ed, ing) 


Barouche' 


Bearish 


Ealsen' 


Barque 


Beast 


Eal3'ful 


Barlack 


Beastliness 


Bal'ister 


Barlator 


Beat (ing), beaten 


Balk (ed, ing) 


Bar'ratry 


Beatific [fled 


Ball 


Bar'rel (ed, ing) 


Beatify (ing), beati- 


Bai'lad 


Barlen 


Beatltude 


Bal'last 


Bar'ricade 


Beau 


Ballet 


Bar'rier 


Beau-monde 


Bal'loon 


Bar'rister 


Beau'teous 


Ealloon'ist 


Bar'-sbot 


Beau'tiful 


Bal'lot (ed, ing) 


Bar'ter (ed, ing) 


Bea'ver 


Balm 


Bar'tizan 


Becafl'co 


Balm'y 


Bary'ta 


Becalm' (ed, ing) 


Bal'sam 


Bary'tes 


Beck 


Balsam'ic 


Bar'ytone 


Bec'kon (ed, ing) 
Becloud' (ed, ing) 


Bal'ustrade 


Ba'sal 


Bamboo' 


Basalt' 


Bed 


Bamboo'zlE (ed, ing) 


Base 


Bedaub' (ed, ing) 


Ban 

Band (ed, ing)' 


Baseless 
Base'ment 


Bedaz'zlE (ed, ing) 
Bedeck' (ed, ing) 


Band'age 


Bashaw' 


Bedevil (ed, ing) 


Ban'deau 


Bash'ful 


Bedew' (ed, ing) 


Ban'dit 


Basil'ica 


Bediz'en (ed, ing) 


Bandit'ti 


Bas'ilisk 


Bedlam 


Band'rol 


Ba'sin 


Bed'-pan 


Ban'dy (ing), bandied 


Ba'sis 


Bedrag'glE (ed, ing) 
Bed'ridden 


Ban'dy-legged 
Bane'ful 


Bask (ed, Ing) 


Basque 


Bed'screw 


Bang 
Ban'gle 


Bas-relief 


Bed'tick 


Bass 


Bedwarf (ed, ing) 


Ban'ish (ed, ing) 


Bas'soon 


Bee 


Ban'ishment 


Bass-vi'ol 


Beech 


Ban'jo 


Bast 


Beech'mast 


Bank 


Bas'tard 


Beef 


Bank'rupt 


Bas'tardy 
BastE (ed, ing) 
Bastina'do 


Beel'zebub 


Bank'ruptey 


Beer 


Ban'ner 


Bees'-wax 


Ban'noek 


Bas'tion 


Beet 


Banns 


Bat 


Bee'tle 


Ban'quet 


Batch 


Bee'tle-browed 


Ban'shee 


BatE (ed, ing) 


Beetling 


Ban'tam 


Bath' -chair 


Beet'root 


Ban'ter (ed, ing) 


BathE (ed, ing) 


Befall' (ing), befallen 


Ban'tingism 


Ba'thos 


Befit' (ted, ting) 


Bant/ling 


Baton' 


Befool' (ed, ing) 


Ban'yan 


Batra'ehia 


Before'hand 


Ba'obab 


Batra'ehian 


Befoul' (ed, ing) 
Befriend' (ed, ing) 


Eap'tism 


Battal'ion 


Bap'tist 


Bat'ten (ed, ing) 


Beget' (ting), begot, 


Bap'tistery 


Bat'ter (ed, ing) 


begotten 
Beg'gar (ed, ing) 


BaptizE'(ed,ing) 


Bat'tery 


Bar (red, ring) 


Bat'tledore 


Beg'garly 


Barb 


Bat'tlement 


Beg'gary 


Barba'rian 


Battue' 


Begin'ner 


Bar' bar ism 


Bau'bie 


Begin'ning 


Barbar'ity 


Ba'vin 


Begirt' 


Bar'barous 


Baw'dy 


Bego'nia 


Bar'beeue 


Bawl (ed, ing) 


BegrimE' (ed, ing) 


Bar'bel 


Bay 


BegrudgE' (ed, ing) 
BeguilE' (ed, ing) 


Bar'ber 


Bay'ing 


Bar'carole 


Bay'onet (ed, ing) 


Beguile'ment 
Be'gum 


Bard 


Bay'ou 


Bare 


Bay'tree 


Behalf 


Bare'faeed 


Bazaar' 


BehavE' (ed, ing) 


Bare'ness 


Bdell'ium 


Behav'ior 


Bar'gain (ed, ing) 


Be (ing), been 


Behest' 


Barge' 


Beach 


Behind'hand 


Barilla 


Bea'eon 


Behold'er 


Bar'-iron 


Bead 


Behoof 


Ba'rium 


Bead'ing 


BehoovE' (ed, ing) 


Bark (ed, ing) 


Bead'roll 


Being 


Bar'keeper 


Bea'gle 


Belabor (ed, ing) 


Bailey 


Beak 


Belay' (ed, ing) 



Belch (ed, ing) 

Bel'dam 

Belea'guer (ed, tag) 

Bel'fry 

Belial 

Belief 

Believ'able 

Belie ve' (ed, ing) 

Belike' 

Bell 

Belladon'na 

Belle 

Belles-lettres 

Bellicose 

Bellig'erent 

Bell'-metal 

Bellows 

Bell'-pull 

Bell'wether 

Belly 

Belly -band 

Bellyful 

Belt 

Bel'vedere 

Bemoan' (ed, ing) 

Bemourn' (ed.ing) 

Bemud'dlE (ed, ing) 

Bench 

Bend 

Beneath' 

Ben'edict 

Benedic'tine 

Benedic'tion 

Benefac'tor 

Benefac'tresB 

Ben'eflce 

Beneficence 

Beneficent 

Benefi'cial 

Ben'eflt(ed,ing) 

Benev'olence 

Benev'olent 

Benight'ed 

Benig'nant 

Benig'nity 

Benlson 

Bent'-grass 

Benumb' (ed, ing) 

Benzoic 

Benzoin' 

Bequeath' (ed, ing) 

Bequest' 

Bere 

BereavE' (ed, ing) 

Bereave'ment 

Ber'gamot 

Berlin' -work 

Ber'ry 

Berth 

Ber'yl [sought 

Beseech' (ing), be. 

Beseemly 

Beset' (ting) 

Beshroud'ed 

Beside' 

BesiegE' (ed, ing) 

Beslob'ber (ed, ing) 

Besmear' (ed, ing) 

Be'som 

Bespat'ter (ed, ing) 

Bespeak' (ing), be- 
spoke 

Besprin'klE (ed, ing) 

Bestial 

Bestiality 

Bestially 

Bestir' (red, ring) 

Bestow* (ed, ing) 

Bestow'al 

Bestrew' (ed, ing) 

BestridE' (ing), be. 
6trode, bestridden 

Bestud' (ded, ding) 



SPELLING LIST. 



3*7 



£et (ting), 

Be'tel-nut 

Beth'el 

Beth'lehem 

BetidE' (ed, ing) 

Betimes' 

Beto'ken (ed, ing) 

Betray' (ed, ing) 

Betray'al 

Betroth.' (ed, ing) 

Betroth'al 

Bet'ter (ed, ing) 

Bet'tor 

Bev'el (ed, ing) 

Bev'erage 

Bev'y 

Bewail' (ed, ing) 

Bewail'able 

Bewil'der (.ed, ing) 

Bewil'derment 

Bewitch.' (ed, ing) 

Bewiteh'ery 

Bey 

Bi'as (ed, ing) 

Bib 

Biba'eious 

Bi'ble 

Bib'lieal 

Bibliograph'ical 

Bibliog'raphy 

Bibliol'atry 

Bibliol'ogy 

Biblioma'nia 

Biblioph'ilist 

Bibliopho'bia 

Bibliopole 

Bib'ulous 

Bieen'tral 

Bieip'ital 

Bieor'nous 

Bicru'ral 

Bieus'pid 

Bi'cyele 

Bi'eyelist 

Bid^ding), bidden 

Bid'der 

Biden'tate 

Bidet' 

Bien'nial 

Bier 

Bif'fln 

Bifo'liate 

Bifur'eate 

Big 

Big'amist 

Big'amy 

Big'gm 

Bight 

Bigno'nia 

Big'ot 

Big'otry 

Bijou' 

Bike 

Bila'biate 

Bilat'eral 

Bil'berry 

Bil'boes 

Bile 

Bilge 

Biriary 

Bilin'gual 

Bil'ious 

Bilit'eral 

Bilk (ed, ing) 

Bill 

Bil'let (ed, ing) 

Bil'let-doux 

Bill'iards 

Bil'lingsgate 

Bill'ion 

Billow 

Billowy 



Bill'sticker 

Bil'lyboy 

Biloe'ular 

Bima'nous 

Bimen'sal 

Bimonthly 

Bin 

Bi'nary 

Bind (ing), bound 

Bin'nacle 

Binoc'ular 

Bino'mial 

Biog'rapher 

Biog'raphy 

Biol'ogy 

Bi'oplasni 

Bi'partite 

Bi'ped 

Bipen'nated 

Birch 

Bird 

Bird'lime 

Bird's'-eye 

Birth/day 

Bis'euit 

Bisect' (ed, ing) 

Bisex'ual 

Bish'op 

Bis'muth 

Bi'son 

Bissex'tile 

Bis'toury 

Bis'tre 

Bisul'eous 

Bit 

Bitch 

Bite 

Bit'ter 

Bit'tern 

Bit'ters 

Bitu'men 

Bi'valved 

Biv'ouac 

Bizarre' 

Blab (bed, bing) 

Black 

Blaek'-art 

Blackball (ed, ing) 

Blaek'-bee'tle 

Blaek'bird 

Blaek'cap 

Blaek'-c urrant 

Black'guard (ed, ing) 

Blaek'ing 

Blaek'-jack 

Black-lead' 

Blaek'leg 

Blaek'mail 

Black'-sheep 

Black'smith 

Black'thorn 

Blad'der-kelp 

Blade 

Blade'bone 

Blain 

Blam'able 

BlamE (ed, ing) 

Blameless 

Blame'worthy 

Blanch (ed, ing) 

Blanc-mange' 

Bland 

Blandil'oquenee 

Blan'dishment 

Bland'ness 

Blank 

Blank-car'tridge 

Blank'et 

Blankly 

Blank'-verse 

Blar'ney 

Blase' 

BlasphemE' (ed, ing) 



Blas'phemous 

Blas'phemy 

Blast (ed, ing) 

Bla'tant 

BlazE (ed, ing) 

Bla'zon (ed, ing) 

Bla'zonry 

Bleach (ed, ing) 

Bleach'ery 

Bleak 

Blear'-eyed 

Bleat 

Bleb 

Bleed (ing), bled 

Blern'ish 

Blend (ed, ing) 

Blende 

Bless (ed, ing) 

Bless'bok 

Bles'sed 

Blessed'ness 

Blight (ed, ing) 

Blind 

Blind'ers 

Blind'fold (ed, ing) 

Blind'ly 

Blind'ness 

Blink (ed, ing) 

Bliss 

Bliss'ful 

Blis'ter (ed, ing) 

Blithe 

Blithe'some 

Bliz'zard 

Bloat (ed, ing) 

Bloat'er 

Blob'ber-lipiDed 

Block (ed, ing) 

BlockadE' (ed, ing) 

Bloek'head 

Block'house 

Elock'-tin 

Blonde 

Blood 

Blood'-hound 

Bloodless 

Blood'shed 

Blood'shot 

Blood'-stone 

Blood'thirsty 

Blood'y 

Blood'y -minded 

Bloom 

Blos'som (ed, ing) 

Blos'somy 

Blot (ted, ting) 

Blotch 

Blotch'y 

Blouse 

Blow (ing), blown 

Blow'-fly 

Blow'-pipe 

Blow'zy 

Blub'ber (ed.ing) 

Bludg'eon 

Blue'bell 

Blue'book 

Blue'bottle 

Blue'-devils 

Blue'-john 

Blue' peter 

Blue'-stoeking 

Bluff 

BlufFness 

Blun'der (ed, ing) 

Blun'derbuss 

Blun'derhead 

Blunt (ed, ing) 

Bluntly 

Blunt'ness 

Blur (red, ring) 

Blurt (ed. ing) 

Blush (ed, ing) 



Blus'ter (ed, ing) 

Bo'a 

Bo'a-constrie'tor 

Boaner'ges 

Boar 

Board (ed, ing) 

Boar'ish 

Boast (ed, ing) 

Boast'iul 

Boast'ingly 

Boat'swain 

Bob (bed, bing) 

Bob'bin 

Bob'tail 

Bod'ioe 

Bod'iless 

Bod'ily 

Bod'kin 

Bod'y 

Bod'y-guard 

Bod'y-pol'itie 

Bod'y-snatch'ing 

Bog 

Bog'gy 

Bog-trotter 

Bo'gus 

Bohea' 

Boil (ed, ing) 

Boil'er 

Bois'terous 

Bold 

Bold' faced 

Bold'ness 

Bole 

Bole'tus 

Boll 

Bol'ster I 

Bolt (ed, ing) 

Bolt-Lipright' 

Bo'lus 

Bomb 

Bombard'ment 

Bom'bast 

Bombazine' 

Bomb'-proof 

Bomb'-shell 

Bo'napar'tist 

Bonas'sus 

Bond 

Bond'age 

Bonds'man 

Bone'-black 

Bone'-lace 

Bon'homie 

Bon'mot 

Bon'net 

Bon'neted 

Bon'ny 

Bo'nus 

Boo'by 

Book'-binding 

Book' keeper 

Book'-maker 

Book'-seller 

Bo ok' worm 

Boom 

Boom'erang 

Boon 

Boor 

Boo'sy 

Booth 

Boot'jack 

Bootless 

Boots 

Boo'ty 

Bo-peep' 



Bo'rax 

Bor'der 

BorE (ed, ing) 

Bo'reas 

Bore'eole 

Bore'dom 



3i8 



SPELLING LIST. 



Bor'er 

Borough 

Bor'row (ed, ing) 

Bosh 

Bosli'bok 

Bos'ky 

Bo'som 

Boss 

Bot 

Botan'ieal 

Bot'anist 

Bot' any 

Botch (ed, ing) 

Botch'y 

Both'er (ed, ing) 

Bothera'tion 

Botryoi'dal 

Bot'tlE (ed, ing) 

Bot'tle-nosed 

Bot'tomless 

Bot'tomry 

Boudoir' 

Bough 

Bougie' 

Bouil'lon 

Boul'der 

Boulevard' 

BouncE (ed, ing) 

Bound (ed, ing) 

Boun'dary 

Boun'den 

Boun'teous 

Boun'tiful 

Boun'ty 

Bouquet' 

Bourgeois' 

Bourn 

Bournous' 

Bourse 

Bout 

Bo'vine 

Bow (ed, ing) 

Bow'els 

Bow'er 

Bowie-knife 

Bowl (ed, ing) 

Bowl'der 

Bowline 

Bow'man 

Bowse (ed, ing) 

Bow'sprit 

Box (ed, ing) 

Box'eoat 

Box'drain 

Box'haul (ed, ing) 

Boy 

Boy'cott (ed, ing) 

BracE (ed, ing) 

Bracelet 

Bra'ehial 

Bra'chiopod 

Brachyp'terous 

Brack'en 

Brack'et (ed, ing) 

Braek'ish 

Bract 

Brac'teal 

Brad 

Brad' awl 

Brag (ged, ging) 

Braggado'cio 

Brag'gart 



Bran 

Branch 

Bran'chiae 

Brand (ed, ing) 

Bran'dish (ed, ing) 

Brand'ling 

Brand'-new 

Bra'sier 

Brass 

Brass'y 

Brat 

Brat'tice 

Brava'do 

Brave 

Bra'vo 

Bravu'ra 

Brawl 

Brawn 

Brawn'y 

Bray (ed. ing) 

BrazE (ed, ing) 

Bra'zen 

Bra'zen-faced 

Breach 

Bread'stuff 

Breadth 

Break (ing), broke 

Break'age 

Break'er 

Break'neck 

Break'water 

Bream 

Breast 

Breast'pin 

Breast'work 

BreathE (ed,ing) 

Breath'ing-time 

Breath'less 

Breech 

Breeeh'es 

Breech'ing 

Breech' loader 

Breed (ing), bred 

Breed'ing 

Breese 

Breeze 



Brahmo-Somaj 

Braid (ed, ing)j 

Brails 

Brain'-pan 

Brake 

Brake'man 

Bram'ble 

Bram'bling 

Bram'bly 



Brevet' 

Brev'iary 

Brevier' 

Brev'ity 

Brew (ed, ing) 

Brew'ery 

Briar 

Bria'rean 

BribE (ed, ing) 

Bri'bery 

Brick 

Brick-bat 

Briek'-nogging 

Bri'dal 

Bride 

Bride'groom 

Bridesmaid 

Bridge 

Bri'dlE (ed.ing) 

Bri'dle-way 

Brief 

Briefly 

Bri'er 

Brig 

Brigade' 

Brigadier' 

Brig'and 

Brig'antine 

Bright 

BriU 

Brill'iant 

Brim 

Brim'ful 

Brim'stone 

Brine 

Brin'jaree 



Brink 

Brisk 

BrisTcet 

Brisk'ness 

Bris'tlE (ed, ing) 

Brist'ly 

Brit'on 

Britz'ska 

Broach (ed, ing) 

Broad 

Broad'cast 

Broad'cloth 

Broad'-gauge 

Broad'ly 

Broad'side 

Broad' -sword 

Brocade' 

Broc'coli 

Brochure' 

Brogue 

Broil (ed, ing) 

Bro'ker 

Brokerage 

Bro'mine 

Bron'chia 

Bronchi'tis 

Bron'ehocele 

Bron'chus 

BronzE (ed, ing) 

Brooch 

Brood (ed, ing) 

Brook (ed, ing) 

Brook'let 

Broom 

Brose 

Broth 

Broth'el 

Broth'erhood 

Broth'erly 

Brougham 

Brow 

Brown 

Brown-bess 

Brown -holland 

Brown'ie 

Brown-stud'y 

BrowsE (ed, ing) 

Bru'in 

BruisE (ed, ing) 

Bruit (ed, ing) 

Bru'mal 

Brume 

Brunette' 

Brunt 

Brusque 

Bru'tal 

Brutal'ity 

Brute 

Bry'ony 

Bub'blE (ed, ing) 

Buc'cal 

Buccaneers' 

Buccma'tor £ 

Bucen'taur 

Buck 

BucTklE (ed, ing) 

Buckler 

Buck'ram 

Bueol'ic 

Bud (ded, ding) 

Buddh'a 

Buddh'ism 

BudgE (ed, ing) 

Bud'get 

Buff 

Buffalo 

Buffer 

Buffet 

Buffet' 

Buffo 

Buffoon' 

Bugaboo' 

Bug'bear 



Bug'gy 

Bungle 

Buhl 

Bulb 

Bul'bous 

Bul'bul 

BulgE (ed, ing) 

Buliin'ia 

Bulk 

Bulkliead 

Bulk'y 

Bull 

Bull'dog 

Bull'flnch 

Bull'frog 

Bull'ion 

Bull's'-eye 

Bully 

Bul'rush 

Bul'wark 

Bum Tale-bee 

Bum boat 

Bump (ed, ing) 

Bum'per 

Bump'kin 

Bun 

Bunch 

Bundesrath 

Bung 

Bun'galow 

Bun'glE (ed, ing) 

Bun'ion 

Bunk 

Bunlter 

Bunt'ing 

Buoy 

Buoy'ancy 

Burden (ed, ing) 

Bur'densome 

Bur'doek 

Bureau' 

Bureau'cracy 

Burg 

Burglar 

Burglary 

Burgomaster 

Bur'gundy 

Bu'rin 

BurkE (ed, ing) 

BurlesquE' (ed, ing) 

Burlet'ta 

Burly 

Burn (ed, ing) 

Burn'er 

Burning 

Burning-glass 

Bur'nish (ed, ing) 

Bur'nisher 

Burnoose' 

Burr 

Bur'row (ed, ing) 

Bursar 

Burst (ing) 

Burlhen 

Bury (ing), buried 

Bush 

Bush'el 

Bush'-har'row 

Bush'y 

Busily 

Busk 

Busldn 

Buss 

Bust 

Bus'tard 

Busier 

Bus'tlE (ed, ing) 

Bus'tler 

Bus'y 

Bus'ybody 

Buteh'er-bird 

Butch'ering 

Butch'ery 



SPELLING LIST. 



319 



Butler 

Butlery 

Butt (ed, ing) 

Butt'-end 

Buttercup 

Butterine 

But'termilk 

Buttery 

Buttock 

But'tress 

Butts 

Butyra'eeoua 

Bux'om 

Buzz (ed.ing) 

Buz'zard 

By'-corner 

By'-gone 

By'-law 

By'-place 

By'-road 

By'-stander 

By'-street 

By-the-bye 

By'-word 

Byz'antine 



Cab 

Cabal' 

Cab'ala 

Cabalis'tie 

Cab'aret 

Ca.b'bage-tree 

Cabin 

Cab'inet 

Cab'inet-council 

Ca'ble 

Cabob' 

Caboose' 

Cab'riolet 

Ca'eao 

Cache 

Caeliec'tic 

Caehex'y 

Cacique' 

Cacog'rapliy 

Cacopli'onous 

Cacoph'ony 

Cae'tus 

Cad 

Cadav'erous 

Cad'dis 

Cad'dy 

Ca'denee 

Ca'dent 

Cadet' 

Cad'ger 

Cad'mium 

Cadu'ceus 

Cadu'eous 

Cse'cum 

Caesu'ra 

Caffeine 

Caf'fre 

Caftan 

CagE (ed, ing) 

Caique 

Cairn 

Cais'sou 

Cai'tiff* 

CajolE' (ed, ing) 

Cajol'ery 

CakE (ed, ing) 

Cal'abasli 

Cala'brian 

Calam'itous 

Calamity 

Cal'amus 

C£«lca'reous 



Cal'ceated 

Calcif'erous 

Cal'ciform 

Calcina'tion 

CaleinE' (ed, ing) 

Cal'cium 

Calcog'raphy 

Calc'-spar 

Cal'culatE (ed, ing) 

Calcula'tion 

Calculator 

Calculous 

Cal'culus 

Cal'dron 

Calefae'tion 

Cal'endar 

Cal'ender (ed, ing) 

Cal'ends 

Calf 

Cal'iber 

Cal'ico 

Cal'id 

Calipash' 

Calipee' 

Calipers 

Calisthenics 

Calk (ed, ing) 

Call (ed, ing) 

CaU'-bird 

Calligraph'ic 

Callig'raphy 

Calling 

Callous 

Callousness 

Callow 

Callus 

Calm (ed, ing) 

Calmly 

Cal'omel 

Caloric 

Calorim'eter 

Cal'trop 

Cal'umet 

Calum'niatE (ed, ing) 

Calum'niator 

Calum'nious 

Cal'umny 

CalvE (ed, ing) 

Cal'vinist 

Calvinis'tic 

Calx 

Cal'yx 

Cam'ber 

Camlnst 

Cambric 

Cam'el 

Camellia 

Cam'elopard 

Cam'eo 

Cam'era-obscu'ra 

Camlet 

Cam'omile 

Camp (ed, ing) 

Campaign' 

Cam'panile 

Camp an ol'ogy 

Campan'ula 

Campes'tral 

Cam'phene 

Cam'phor 

Cam'phorated 

Cam'pion 

Cainp'-stool 

Cam'-wheel 

Cam'-wood 

Cam 

Can'ada-bal'sam 

Cana'dian 

Can'akin 

Canal' 

Canalie'ulate 

Canal'-loek 

Canard' 



Cana'ry-bird 

Canas'ter 

Can'cel (ed, ing) 

Cancellated 

Can'eer 

Can'eerous 

Candela'brum 

Candes'cence 

Can'didate 

Can'dle 

Can'dlemas 

Can'dlestiek 

Can'dor 

Can'dy-tuft 

CanE (ed, ing) 

Cane'brake 

Canes'cent 

Cangue 

Canlea 

Canie'ular 

Ca'nine 

Can'ister 

Canister-shot 

Can'ker (ed, ing) 

Can'kerous 

Can'ker-worm 

Can'nel-coal 

Can'nibal 

Can'nibalism 

Can'non 

CannonadE' (ed, ing) 

Can'non-bone 

Can'nula 

Can'ny 

Canoe' 

Can'on 

Canonical 

Canoniza'tion 

Can'onizE (ed, ing) 

Canon'ry 

Can'opy 

Cant 

Cantankerous 

Cantatri'ee 

Canteen' 

Can'tel 

Can'ter (ed, ing) 

Canthar'ides 

Can'ticle 

Cantile'ver 

Can'to 

Canton 

Can'tonment 

Can'vas 

Can'vass (ed, ing) 

Canzonet' 

Caout'choue 

Cap (ped, ping) 

Capability 

Ca'pable 

Capa'cious 

Capacity 

Caparison (ed, ing) 

Cape 

Capelin 

Ca'per (ed, ing) 

Ca'per-eailzie 

Ca'pias 

Capillaire' 

Capillary 

Caplllose 

Capital 

Capitalist 

Cap'italizE (ed, ing) 

Capitation 

Capitol 

Capit'ular 

Capit'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Ca'pon 

Caprice' 

Capri'cious 

Cap'ricorn 

Cap'rid 



Cap'riform 

Capriole' 

Cap'sicum 

CapsizE' (ed, ing) 

Cap'stan 

Cap'sular 

Cap'sule 

Captain 

Caption 

Captious 

CaptivatE (ed, ing) 

Captive 

Captivity 

Captor 

Capt'urE (ed, ing) 

Capuchin' 

Cap'ucine 

Car 

Car'amel 

Car'apace 

Car'at 

Caravan' 

Caravan'sary 

Car'avel 

Car'bine 

Car'bon 

Carbonari 

Carbonic 

Carboniferous 

Car'bonizE (ed, ing) 

Car'boy 

Car'buncle 

Carburet'ed 

Car'canet 

Car'cass 

Carcino'ma 

Card (ed, ing) 

Car'damom 

Car'diac 

Cardial'gia 

Car'dinal 

Cardioid' 

Carditis 

Cardoon' 

CarE(ed, ing) 

Careen' (ed, ing) 

Career 7 

Care'ful 

Care'fulness 



Carelessness 

Caress' (ed, ing) 

Ca'ret 

Care'-worn 

Car'go 

Carlaea 

Caribou 

Caricature 

Ca'ries 

Carillon 

Carlnated 

Carlole 

Cariosity 

Cark (ed, ing) 

Carl 

Callings 

Carloek 

Carlovin'gian 

Carmin'ative 

Car'mine 

Car'nage 

Car'nal 

Car'nal-mind'ed 

Carnation 

Carnellan 

Carnification 

Car'nival 

Carniv'ora 

Carniv'orous 

Car'ol (ed, ing) 

Car'amel 

Carotid 

Carotin. 



320 



SPELLING LIST. 



Carou'sal 

CarousE' (ed, ing) 

Carp (ed, ing) 

Carpal 

Car'pel 

Car'pet 

Car'peting 

Carpol'ogy 

Car'pus 

Car'riage 

Car'rier 

Cax-'rion 

Car'rot 

Car'roty 

Car'ry (ing), carried 

Cart 

Carte 

Carte-blanche' 

Carte de-visite' 

Cartel' 

Carte'sian 

Carthu'sian 

Car'tilage 

Cartilaginous 

Cartog rapher 

Cartography 

Cartoon' 

Cartoueh' 

Car'tridge 

Cart'ulary 

Car'uncle 

CarvE (ed, ing) 

Caryat'ides 

Cascaril'la 

Case 

Ca'seine 

Case'-knife 

Case'mate 

Case'ment 

Ca'sern 

Case'-shot 

Cash (ed, ing) 

Cashew'-nut 

Cashier' (ed,-ing) 

Cash'mere 

Casi'no 

Cask 

Cas'ket 

Casque 

Cassa'tion 

Cas'sia 

Cas'simere 

Cas'sowary 

Cas'soek 

Cas'sonade 

Cast (ing) 

Cas'tanet 

Cast'away 

Caste 

Cast'er 

Cas'tigatE (ed, ing) 

Cas'tigator 

Cast'-iron 

Cas'tle 

Cas'tle -building 

Cas'tor-oil 

Cas'tor 

Cas'tratE (ed, ing) 

Castra'tion 

Cas'ual 

Cas'ualty 

Cas'uist 

Cas'uistry 

Cat 

Cat'aelysm 

Cat'acomb 

Catacous'tics 

Catadiop'trical 

Cat'afalque 

Cat'alepsy 

Catal'ysis 

Catalyt'ie 

Catamaran' 



Catame'nia 

Cat'amount 

Cataphon'ies 

Cat'aplasm 

Cat'apult 

Cat'aract 

Catarrh' 

Catas'trophe 

Cat'-eall 

Catch (ing), caught 

Catch'- drain 

Cateh'penny 

Catch' -word 

Cat'echisE (ed, ing) 

Cate'ehism 

Catechu'men 

Categor'ical 

Cat'egory 

Cate'nary 

Catena'tion 

Cat'erpillar 

Cates 

Cat'gut 

Cath'arine-wheel 

Cathar'tic 

Cafhead 

Cathe'dra 

Cathe'dral 

Cath'eter 

Cath'olic 

Cathol'icism 

Catholic'ity 

Cathol'icon 

Catling 

Cat'odon 

Cat-o'-nine'-tails 

Catop'sis 

Catop'trics 

Cat's'-eye 

Cat's' -paw 

Cat'sup 

Cat'tle 

Cau'dal 

Cau'dle 

Caul 

Cau'liflower 

Cau'sal 

Causal'ity 

Causa'tion 

Cause'less 

Cause'way 

Caus'tic 

Caus'tically 

Cau'ter 

Cau'terant 

Cau'terizE (ed, ing) 

Cau'tery 

Cau'tion (ed, ing) 

Cau'tionary 

Cau'tious 

Cau'tiousnesa 

Cavalcade' 

Cavalier' 

Cav'alry 

Ca'veat 

Cav'ern 

Cav'ernous 

Caviare' 

Cav'il (ed, ing) 

Cav'ity 

Caw 

Cayenne' 

Cay'man 

CeasE (ed, ing) 

Ceaseless 

Ce'dar 

CedE (ed, ing) 

Cedil'la 

Ceil (ed, ing) 

Ceiling 

Cel'andine 

Cel'ature 

Cel'ebrant 



Cel'ebratE (ed, ing) 

Celebra'tion 

Celeb'rity 

Cele'riac 

Celerity 

Cel'ery 

Celes'tial 

Cel'ibaey 

Celidog'raphy 

Cell 

Cellar 

Cel'laret 

Cellular 

Cellule 

Cellulose 

Celt 

Cel'tie 

Cement' (ed, ing) 

Cementi'tious 

Cem'etery 

Cen'otaph 

Cen'ser 

Cen'sor 

Censo'rious 

Cen'sorship 

Cen'surable 

Cen'surE (ed,ing) 

Cen'sus 

Cent 

Cen'taur 

Centena'rian 

Cen'tenary 

Centen'nial 

Cen'ter 

Cen'ter-bit 

Cen'tigrade 

Cen'tipede 

Cen'to 

Centraliza'tion 

Cen'tralizE (ed, ing) 

Centrifugal 

Centrip'etal 

Cen'tuplE (ed, ing) 

Centu'rion 

Cen'tury 

Cephalal'gy 

Cephalic 

Cephali'tis 

Cephalop'oda 

Ceph'alous 

Ceramic 

Cer'asine 

Ceras'tes 

Ce'rate 

Cerbere'an 

Cer'berus 

Ce'real 

Cerebellum 

Cerebral 

Cer'ebrum 

Cere'ment 

Ceremo'nial 

Ceremo'nious 

Cer'emony 

Ce'reolite 

Ce'res 

Cer'tainty 

Certificate 

Certification 

Cer / tify(iug), certified 

Certiora'ri 

Cer'titude 

Cerulean 

Ceru'men 

Cer'vical 

Cer'vine 

Cer'vix 

Cesa'rean 

Ces'pitous 

Cessa'tion 

Ces'sion 

Cess'-pool 

Ces'tode 



Ces'tus 

Cesu'ra 

Ceta'cea 

ChafE (ed, ing) 

Chaff (ed, ing) 

Chaffinch 

Chafing-dish 

Chagreen' 

Cha'grin (ed, ing) 

Chain (ed, ing) 

Chain'-pump 

Chain'-shot 

Chain'-work 

Chair 

Chair'man 

Chaise 

Chal'cedony 

Chalcog'rapher 

Chal'dee 

Chalice 

Chalk 

Chalk'-stone 

Chalk'y 

ChallengE (ed, ing) 

Chalyb'eate 

Cham'ber 

Cham'bering 

Cham'berlain 

Chameleon 

Cham'fer (ed, ing) 

Cha'mois 

Cha'mois leather 

Champ (ed, ing) 

Champagn e' 

Cham'perty 

Champi'gnon 

Cham T pion 

Chance 

Chan'cel 

Chan'cellor 

Chan'cery 

Chan'cre 

Chan'delier 

Chandler 

Chandlery 

ChangE (ed, ing) 

Change'able 

Change'ful 

Chan'nel 

Chan'son 

Chant (ed, ing) 

Chan'ticleer 

Cha'os 

Chaotic 

Chap (ped, ping) 

Chap'eau 

Chap'el 

Chap'eron 

Chap'fallen 

Chap'lain 

Chaplaincy 

Chaplet 

Chap'ter 

Char (red, ring) 

Char'acter 

Characteristic 

Char'acterizE (ed, ing) 

Charade' 

Char'coal 

ChargE (ed, ing) 

Charge'able 

Char'ger 

Cha'rily 

Cha'riness 

Chariot 

Charioteer' 

Charitable 

Charity 

Charlatan 

Charlatanry 

Charlock 

Charlotte 

Charm (ed, ing) 



SPELLING LIST. 



321 



Char'nel-house 

Cha'ron 

Char'pie 

Chart 

Charta'ceous 

Char'ter (ed, ing) 

Char'ter-party 

Char'tism 

Char'tist 

Char'- woman 

Char'y 

ChasE (ed, ing) 

Chasm 

Chasseur' 

Chaste 

Chas'tening 

ChastisE' (ed, ing) 

Chas'tisement 

Chas'tity 

Chas'uble 

Chat (ted, ting) 

Chateau' 

Chat'elain 

Chatoy'ant 

Chat'tel 

Chat'ter (ed, iug) 

Chat'terbox 

Chat'ty 

Chat'wood 

Chau'vinism 

Cheap 

Cheat (ed, ing) 

Cheat'able 

Check (ed, ing) 

Cheek'-book 

Cheek'matE (ed, ing) 

Check'-taker 

Ched'dar 

Cheek 

Cheer (ed, ing) 

Cheer'ful 

Cheer'fulness 

Cheer'less 

Cheese 

Cheese'-monger 

Chef 

Chef-d 'oeuvre' 

Chelo'nian 

Chem'ieals 

Chemise' 

Chemisette' 

Chem'ist 

Chem'istry 

Chen'ille 

Cheque 

Cher'ish (ed, ing) 

Cheroot' 

Cher'ry 

Chert 

Cher'ub 

Cher'ubim 

Cher'vil 

Chess 

Chest 

Chest'nut 

Cheval'-glass 

Chevalier' 

Chevaux-de-frise 

Chev'ron 

Chew (ed, ing) 

Chibouque 

Chie 

Chieaxi'ery 

Chie'eory 

Chiek'en 

Chiek'en-hearted 

Chick'en-pox 

Chick'-weed 

ChidE (ed, ing) 

Chief 

Chief-Jus'tiee 

Chieftain 

Chiff-chaff 



Chiffonier 

Chi'gnon 

Chilblain 

Child 

Child'birth 

Child'hood 

Child'ish 

Childless 

Chil'dren 

Chil'iad 

Chil'ian 

Chiliast'ie 

Chill (ed, ing) 

Chil'ly 

Chimb 

Chime 

Chime'ra 

Chimer'ical 

Chim'ney 

Chimpan'zee 

Chin 

Chin'cough 

Chine 

Chinese' 

Chink (ed, ing) 

Chintz 

Chip (ped, ping) 

Chirog'rapher 

Chirog'raphist 

Chirog'raphy 

Chirol'ogy 

Cha'romancy 

Chirop'odist 

Chirp (.ed, ing) 

Chir'i-up (ed, ing) 

Chirur'geon 

Chirur'gical 

Chis'el 

Chisleu 

Chit 

Chit'chat 

Chit'terlinga 

Chiv'alroua 

Chiv'alry 

Chive 

Chlo'ral 

Chlo'rate 

Chlo'rine 

Chlo'roform 

Chlo'rophyl 

Chloro'sis 

Choek'-full 

Choe'olate 

Choice 

Choir 

ChokE (ed, ing) 

Choke'-damp 

Chol'er 

Chol'era 

Chol'erie 

Chondrom'eter 

ChoosE (ing), chose, 

chosen 
Chop (ped, ping) 
Chop'-house 
Chop'stiek 
Cho'ral 
Chord 
Chordee' 
Chorog'raphy 
Chose 
Chough 

ChousE (ed, ing) 
Chrematis'tics 
Chrism 
Chris'matory 
Chris'ten (ed, ing) 
Chris'tendom 
Chris'tian 
Christian'ity 
Chris'tianizE (ed, ing) 
Christ'mas 
Chris toeen'tric 



Christol'ogy 

Chro'mascope 

Chromat'ies 

Chromo-lithography 

Chron'ic 

Chron'ielE (ed, ing) 

Chron'ogram 

Chron'ograph 

Chronol'ogy 

Chronom'eter 

Chron'oscope 

Chrys'alis 

Chrysan'themum 

Chrj^sober'yl 

Chrys'olite 

Chub 

Chub'by 

Chuck (ed, ing) 

Chuc'klE (ed, ing) 

Chum 

Chump 

Church 

Church'man 

Churl 

Churl'ish 

Churl'ishness 

Churn (ed, ing) 

Chute 

Chyle 

Chyme 

Ciba'rious 

Ci'catrix 

Cieatriza'tion 

Ci'eatrizE (ed, ing) 

Cieero'ne 

Ci'der 

Cigar' 

Cigarette' 

Cil'ia 

Cil'iary 

Cimme'rian 

Cinch 

Cineho'na 

Cineho'nine 

Cinc'ture 

Cin'der 

Cinera'tion 

Cineri'tious 

Cin'galese 

Cin'nabar 

Cin'namon 

Cinque'foil 

Ci'pher (ed,ing) 

Circas'sian 

Circe'an 

Cir'clE (ed, ing) 

Cir'clet 

Cir'euit 

Cireu'itous 

Cireu'ity 

Cir'cular 

Cir'eulatE (ed, ing) 

Cireiila'tion 

Cir'culator 

Cir'eulatory 

Cireumam'bient 

Cir'eumeisE (ed, ing) 

Cireum'ferenee 

Cireumferen'tor 

Cireumgyra'tion 

Cireumlocu'tion 

Cireumnav'igatE (ed, 

ing) 
Circumnav'igator 
Circumpolar 
Circumro'tatory 
CircumseribE' (ed, 

ing) 
Cireumscrip'tion 
Circumspect 
Cireumspec'tion 
Cir'eumstance 
Cireumstan'tial 



Circumvalla'tion 
Circumvent' (ed, ing) 
Cir cum v ola'tion 
Cireumvolu'tion 
CircumvolvE' (ed.ing) 
Cirrho'sis 
Cirro-cu'mulus 
Cirro-stra'tus 
Cir'rous 
Cir'rus 
Cisal'pine 
Cisatlan'tic 
Cis'soid 
Cist 

Cis'tern 
Cit'adel 
Cita'tion 
Ci'tatory 
CitE (ed, ing) 
Cith'ara 
Cith'ern 
Cit'izen 
Cit'izenship 
Cit'rie 
Cit'ron 
Cit'y 
Civ'et 
Civ'ie 
Civ'il 
Civil'ian 
Civil'ity 
Civiliza'tion 
Civ'ilizE (ed, ing) 
Civ'illy 
Clack 

Claim (ed, ing) 
Claim'ant 
Clairvoy'ance 
Clam 

Clam'ber (ed, ing) 
Clam'miness 
CI am 'my 
Clam'or (ed, ing) 
Clam'orous 
Clamp (ed, ing) 
Clan 

Clandes'tine 
Clandes'tinely 
Clang (ed, icg) 
Clan'gor 
Clank (ed, ing) 
Clan'nish 
Clap (ped, ping) 
Clap 'per 
Clap'-trap 
Clare'-obscure 
Clariflca'tion 
Clar'ify (ing) .clarified 
Clar'ionet 
Cla'rion 
Cla'ry 

Clash (ed, ing) 
Clasp 

Clasp-knife 
Class (ed, ing) 
Clas'sic 
Clas'sical 
Clas'sics 
Classification 
Clas'sify (ing), classi- 
fied 
Clat'ter (ed, ing) 
Clause 
Claus'tral 
Cla'viary 
Clav'ichord 
Clav'icle 
Cla'vier 
Claw (ed, ing) 
Clay 

Clay-cold 
Clay'ey 
Clay'mor© 



$22 



SPELLING LIST. 



Clay'-slate 


Clo'ven -hoofed 


Co-effi'cient 


Clean (ed, ing) 


Clo'ver 


Co-e'qual 


Clean'-limbed 


Clown 


CoercE' (ed, ing) 


Cleanliness 


Cloy (ed, ing) 


Coer'cion 


Clean'ness 


Club (bed, bing) 


Co-essential 


Cleans'able 


Club'-fisted 


Coeta'neous 


CleansE (ed, ing) 


Club'-footed 


Coe'val 


Clear (ed.ing) 


Cluck (ed, ing) 


Co-exist' (ed, ing) 


Clear 'age 


Clump 
Clum'siness 


Co-exis'tent 


Clear'ance 


Co-exten'sive 


ClearMieaded 


Clum'sy 


Coffee 


Clear'i ng 


Clus'ter (ed, ing) 


Coffee-house 


Clear'ness 


Clutch (ed, ing) 


Coffer-dam 


Clear-sight'ed 


Clutch'es 


Coffin 


Cleav'age 


Clut'ter (ed, ing) 


Co-found'er 


CleavE (ed, ing) 


Clyster 


Cog 
Co'gency 


Clef 


Coach (ed, ing) 


Cleft 


Coae'tion 


Co'gent 


Clema'tis 


Coadju'tor 


Cog'itatE (ed, ing) 


Clem'eney 


Coa'gent 


Cog'itative 


Clench 


Coag'ulable 


Cog'nate 
Co'gnac 


Clep'sydra 


Coag'ulatE (ed, ing) 


Cler'gy 


Coagula'tion 


Cog'nition 


Cler'gyman 


Coag'ulator 


Cog'nizable 


Cler'ieal 


Coag'ulum 
Coal 


Cog'nizant 


Clerk 


Cogno'men 


dei/omancy 


CoalescE' (ed, ing) 


Cohab'it (ed, ing) 


Clev'er 


Coales'eence 


Cohabita'tion 


Clev'erness 


Coales'cent 


Co-heir' 


Clew (ed, ing) 


Coali'tion 


Co-heir'ess 


Cli'che 


Co-al'ly 


CoherE' (ed, ing) 


Click (ed, ing) 


Coal'-measure 


Cohe'rence 


Cli'ent 


Coal'-seuttle 


Cohe'rent 


Cliff 


Coam'ings 


Cohe'sible 


Cli'mate 


Coap'tation 


Cohe'sion 


Climatol'ogy 


Coarse 


Cohe'sive 


Cli'max 


Coarse'ness 


Cotiort 


Climb (ed, ing) 


Coast (ed, ing) 


Coif 


Clime 


Coast'er 


Coigne 
Coil (ed, ing) 


Clinch, (ed, ing) 


Coast' guard 


Cling (ing), clung 


Coast' wise 


Coin (ed, ing) 


Cling'stone 


Coat 


Coin'age 


Clin'ic 


Coat'ing 
Coax (ed, ing) 


CoincidE' (ed, ing) 


Clin'ical 


Coin'cidenee 


Clink (ed,ing) 


Coax'ingly 


Co-inheritance 


Clinom'eter 


Cob 


Co-inherltor 


Cli'o 


Co'balt 


Coir 


Clip (ped, ping) 


Cob'blE (ed, ing) 


Coi'tion 


Clip'per 


Co-bellig'erent 


Coke 


Clique 


Cob'le 


Col'ander 


Cloa'ca 


Cobra de capello 


Col'chicum 


Cloak (ed, ing) 


Cob'web 


Cold 


Clock 


Co'ca 


Cold'-blooded 


Cloek'-work 


Coceif'erous 


Cold'-heart'edness 


Clod 


Coch'ineal 


Coleop'tera 


Clod'-liopper 


Coeh'lea 


Coleop'terous 


Clod'pate 


Cock (ed, ing) 


Cole'-wort 


Clog (ged, ging) 


Cockade' 


Col'ic 


Clog'giness 


Cockatoo' 


Colin'gual 


Clois'ter 


Coek'atrice 


Colise'um 


Clois'tered 


Cock'-boat 


Collaborate ur 


CIose (ed,ing) 


Cock'-chafer 


CollapsE' (ed, ing) 


Close ftst'ed 


Cock'erel 


Col'lar (ed, ing) 


Close-hauled 


Coe'klE (ed, ing) 


Col'lar-bone 


Close'nesa 


Coe'kle stairs 


CollatE' (ed, ing) 


Close-stool 


Cock'-loft 


Collat'eral 


Clos'et 


Cock'ney 


Colla'tion 


Clos'ure 


Coek'pit 


Oolla'tor 


Clot 


Cock'roaeh 


Col'league 


Cloth 


Coek'swain 


Collect' (ed, ing) 


ClothE (ed, ing) 


Co'coa 


Ccl'leet 


Clothes 


Co'coa-nut 


Collectible 


Clothes-horse 


Cocoon' 


Collection 


Clothier 


Cod 


Collec'tive 


Cloture 


Cod'dlE (ed, ing) 


Collec'tor 


Cloud (ed, ing) 


Code 


Col'lege 


Cloud'iness 


Co'dex 


Colle'giate 


Cloud'let 


Cod'ger 


CollidE' (ed, ing) 


Clout (ed, ing) 


Cod'ieil 


Col'lie 


Clout'-nail 


Codifica'tion 


Col'lier 


Clo'vate 


Cod'ify (ing), codified 


Colliery 


Clove 


Cod'-sounds 


Colli'sicn 


Clove'-pink 


Co-em'ciency 


Col'locatE (ed, ing) 



Collo'dion 

Collo'quial 

Collo'quialism 

Colloquy 

ColludE' (ed, ing) 

Collu'sion 

Collu'sive 

Col'ocynth 

Colon 

Colonel 

Colo'nial 

Col'onist 

Col'onizE (ed, ing) 

Colonnade' 

Col'ony 

Col'or (ed, ing) 

Col'orable 

Col'orless 

Col'ors 

Colos'sal 

Colosse'um 

Colos'sus 

Colos'trum 

Colport'age 

Colport'eur 

Colt 

Colt's' foot 

Col'umbine 

Col'umn 

Col'za-oil 

Co'ma 

Co'mate 

Comatose' 

Comb (ed, ing) 

Com'bat (ed, ing) 

Com'batant 

Combafiveness 

Combina'tion 

CombinE' (ed ; ing) 

Combustibility 

Combus'tible 

Combus'tion 

ComE (ing), came 

Come'dian 

Com'edy 

Come'ly 

Comestible 

Com'et 

Cometog'raphy 

Com'fit 

Com'fort (ed, ing) 

Com'fortable 

Com'ie 

Com'ical 

Com'ity 

Com'ma 

Command' (ed, ing) 

Command'ant 

Command'er 

Command'ment 

Commem'oratE (ed, 

ing) 
Commemoration 
CommencE' (ed, ing) 
Commenee'ment 
Commend' (ed, ing) 
Commend'ablei 
Comm e n'surable 
Commen'sui-ate 
Com'ment 
Comment' (ed, ing) 
Com'mentary 
Com'mentator 
Com 'm ere e 
Commer'cial 
Commin'glE (ed, ing) 
Com'minutE (ed, ing) 
Comminution 
Commis'eratE (ed,ing) 
Commiseration 
Commissa'riat 
Com'missary 
Commis'sion (ed, ing) 



SPELLING LIST. 



323 



Commis'sioner 

Com'missure 

Commit' (ted, ting) 

Commit'ment 

Commit'tal 

Commit'tee 

Commit'tible 

Commix' (ed, ing) 

Commode' 

Commo'dious 

Com'modore 

Com'mon 

Com'monalty 

Com'monplaee 

Com'mon-sense 

Com'monwealth 

Commo'tion 

CommunE' (ed, ing) 

Com'mune 

Oommu'nieant 

Commu'nieatE (ed, 

ing) 
Communiea'tion 
Commu'nicative 
Commu'nion 
Com'munism 
Com'munist 
Commu'table 
Commuta'tion 
CommutE' (ed, ing) 
Co'mose 
Com'pact 
Compan'ion 
Compan'ionable 
Com'parable 
Comparative 
ComparE' (ed, ing) 
Comparison 
Compart'ment 
Conrpass (ed, ing) 
Com'passable 
Com'passes 
Compas'sion 
Compas'sionatE (ed, 

ing), 
Compatibility 
Compat'ible 
Compa'triot 
Compeei*' 
Compel' (led, ling) 
Compellable 
Compen'dium 
Com'pensatE (ed, ing) 
Compensa'tion 
CompetE' (ed, ing) 
Competence 
Competency 
Com'petent 
Competition 
Compet'itor 
Compila'tion 
CompilE' (ed, ing) 
Compla'eent 
Complain' (ed, ing) 
Complain'ant 
Complaint' 
Complaisance' 
Com'plement 
Complement'ary 
CompletE' (ed, ing) 
Complete'ness 
Com'plex 
Complex'ion 
Complex'ity 
Compliance 
Compli'ant 
Com'plicatE (ed, ing) 
Complication 
Complie'ity 
Compliment (ed, ing) 
Compliment'ary 
Com'pline 
Com'plot 



Comply' (ing), com- 
plied 
Compo'nent 
Comport' (ed, ing) 
Comport'ment 
ComposE' (ed, ing) 
Compos'ite 
Composition 
Compos'itor 
Com'post 
Compo'sure 
Com'pote 

Compound' (ed, ing) 
Com'pound 
Comprehend' (ed,ing) 
Comprehen'si ble 
Coniprehen'sion 
Comprehen'sive 
Compress' (ed, ing) 
Com'press 
Compres'sible 
Compres'sion 
ComprisE' (ed, ing) 
Com'promisE (ed, ing) 
Comptroller 
Compul'sion 
Compul'sory 
Compune'tion 
Computa'tion 
ComputE' (ed, ing) 
Con (ned, ning) 
Concatena'tion 
Con'cave 
Concav'ity 
Conca'vo con'cave 
Conca'vo-con'vex 
Conceal' (ed, ing) 
Conceal'ment 
ConcedE' (ed, ing) 
Conceit' 
Conceit'ed 
Conceiv'able 
ConeeivE' (ed, ing) 
Concen'tratE (ed, ing) 
Concentration 
Coneen'tric 
Coneep'tible 
Coneep'tion 
Concern' (ed, ing) 
Concern'ment 
Concert' (ed, ing) 
Con'eert 
Concerti'na 
Concer'to 
Conees'sion 
Conch. 
Con'ehoid 
Conchoid'al 
Conchol'ogy 
Concil'iatE (ed.ing) 
Conciliation 
Concil'iator 
Concil'iatory 
Concise' 
Concise'ness 
Con'clave 
ConeludE' (ed, ing) 
Conelu'sion 
Conclu'sive 
Concoct' (ed, ing) 
Concom'itanee 
Concom'itant 
Con'cord 
Coneord'ance 
Coneor'dant 
Con'eourse 
Concres'cive 
ConcretE' (ed, ing) 
Con'crete 
Conere'tion 
Coneu'binage 
Con'cubine 
Concu'piscence 



Concur' (red, ring) 

Concurrence 

Concur'rent 

Concus'sion 

Concus'sive 

Condemn' (ed, ing) 

Condemnation 

Condem'natory 

Conden'sable 

Condens'atE (ed.ing) 

Condensa'tion 

CondensE' (ed, ing) 

Condescend' (ed, ing) 

Condescen'sion 

Condign' 

Con'diment 

Condi'tion 

Condi'tional 

CondolE' (ed, ing) 

Condo'lence 

Condona'tion 

CondcnE' (ed, ing) 

Con'dor 

ConducE' (ed, ing) 

Condu'eive 

Con'duct 

Conduct' (ed, ing) 

Condue'tible 

Conduct'or 

Con'duit 

Con'dyle 

Cone 

Con'fab 

Confabula'tion 

Confee'tion 

Confec'tionery 

Confed'eracy 

Confed'eratE (ed, ing) 

Confedera'tion 

Confer' (red, ring) 

Con'ferenee 

Confer'rable 

Confess' (ed, ing) 

Confes'sion 

Confes'sional 

Confes'sor 

Con'fidant 

ConfidE' (ed, ing) 

Con'fldence 

Con'fldent 

Confidential 

Configuration 

Con'fine 

ConfinE' (ed, ing) 

Confine'ment 

Confirm' (ed, ing) 

Confirma'tion 

Confirm'atory 

Con'fiscatE (ed, ing) 

Confisca'tion 

Con'fiseator 

Conflagration 

Conflict' (ed, ing) 

Con'flict 

Conflie'tive 

Con'fluenee 

Con'fluent 

Conform' (ed, ing) 

Conformation 

Conform'ity 

Confound' (ed, ing) 

Confrater'nity 

Confront' (ed, ing) 

Confront'ment 

ConfusE' (ed, ing) 

Confu'sion 

Confu'table 

Confuta'tion 

Confute' (ed, ing) 

Congeal' (ed, ing) 

Congeal'ment 

Congela'tion 

Conge'nial 



Congen'ital 

Con'ger 

Conge'ries 

Conges'tion 

Conges'tive 

Conglo'bate 

Conglom'eratE (ed, 

ing) 
Conglomera'tion 
Conglu'tinatE(ed,ing) 
Con'go 
Congrat'ulatE (ed, 

ing) 
Congratulation 
Congrat'ulatory 
Con^regatE (ed, ing) 
Congrega'tion 
Congrega'tionalist 
Con'gress 
Congres'sional 
Congreve rocket 
Congru'ity 
Con'gruous 
Con'ic 
Con'ical 
Con'ics 
Conif'erae 
Coniros'tral 
Conjeet'ural 
Conjec'turE (ed, ing) 
Conjoin' (ed, ing) 
Conjoint' 
Conjoint'ly 
Con'jugal 
Con'jugatE (ed, ing) 
Conjugation 
Conju'gial 
Conjune'tion 
Conjuneti'va 
Conjura'tion 
ConjurE' (ed, ing) 
Con'jurE (ed, ing) 
Connas'cence 
Connate' 
Connect' (ed, ing) 
Connec'tion 
Conni'vanee 
ConnivE' (ed, ing) 
Conni'vent 
Connoisseur' 
Connu'bial 
Co'noid 
Conoid'al 
Con'quer (ed.ing) 
Con'queror 
Con'quest 
Consanguin'eous 
Consanguin'ity 
Con'scienee 
Conseien'tious 
Con'seionable 
Con'scious 
Consciousness 
Con'script 
Conserip'tion 
Con'seeratE (ed, ing) 
Consecra'tion 
Consee'utive 
Consen'sus 
Consent' (ed, ing) 
Consenta'neous 
Consen'tient 
Con'sequence 
Consequential 
Conserv'able 
Conserva'tion 
Conserv'atism 
Conserv'ative 
Conser'vatory 
ConservE' (ed, ing) 
Con'serve 
Consid'er (ed, ing) 
Consid'erable 



324 



SPELLING LIST. 



Consid'erate 

Considera'tion 

Consign' (ed, ing) 

Consignee' 

Consign'ment 

Consign'or 

Consist' (ed, ing) 

Consist'ent 

Consis'tory 

Consol'able 

Consola'tion 

ConsolE' (ed, ing) 

Con'sole 

Consol'idatE (ed, ing) 

Con'sols 

Con'sonance 

Con'sonant 

Con'sonantly 

Con'sort 

Consort' (ed, ing) 

Conspee'tus 

Conspic'uous 

Conspir'acy 

Conspir'ator 

ConspirE' (ed, ing) 

Con'stable 

Con stant 

Constella'tion 

Constsrna'tion. 

Constipa'tion 

Constit'uency 

Constit'uent 

Con'stitutE (ed, ing) 

Constitution 

Constitu'tional 

Constrain' (ed, ing) 

Constraint' 

Constrict' (ed, ing) 

Constric'tor 

Constrin'gent 

Construct' (ed, ing) 

ConstruE' (ed, ing) 

C onsubstantia'tion 

Con'sul 

Con'sular 

Con'sulate 

Consult' (ed, ing) 

Consum'able 

ConsumE' (ed, ing) 

Con'summatE (ed.ing) 

Consum'mate 

Consummation 

Consump'tion 

Con'tact 

Conta'gion 

Conta'gious 

Contain' (ed, ing) 

Contain'able 

Contam'inatE (ed.ing) 

Contamina'tion 

Contemn' (ed, ing) 

Con'templatu (ed, ing) 

Contemplation 

Contem'plative 

Conte mpora'neous 

Contem'porary 

Contempt' 

Contemp'tible 

Contempt'uous 

Contend' (ed, ing) 

Content' (ed, ing) 

Conten'tion 

Conten'tious 

Content'ment 

Con'tents 

Conter'minous 

Contest' (ed, ing) 

Con'test 

Contest'able 

Con 'text 

Contigu'ity 

Contig'uous 

Con'tinence 



Con'tinent 

Continen'tal 

Contin'gent 

Contin'ual 

Contin'uance 

Continua'tion 

Contin'uE (ed,ing) 

Continuity 

Contin'uous 

Contort' (ed, ing) 

Contortion 

Contour' 

Con'tra 

Con'traband 

Contract' (ed, ing) 

Con'tract 

Contractibil'ity 

Contrac'tile 

Contrac'tion 

Contrac'tor 

Contradict' (ed, ing) 

Contradiction 

Contradictory 

Contradistin'guisb. 

(ed, ing) 
Contral'to 
Contrapun'tal 
Contrari'ety 
Con'trariness 
Con'trariwise 
Con'trary 
Con'trast 
Contrast' (ed, ing) 
Contravalla'tion 
ContravenE' (ed, ing) 
Contraven'tion 
Contrib'utable 
Contrib'utary 
Contrib'utE (ed.ing) 
Contribu'tion 
Contributor 
Contrib'utory 
Con'trite 
Contri'tion 
Contriv'ance 
ContrivE' (ed, ing) 
Control' (led, ling) 
Controllable 
Controller 
Control'ment 
Controversial 
Con'troversy 
Con'tr overt (ed, ing) 
Controvert'ible 
Contuma'cious 
Con'tumacy 
Contume'lious 
Con'tumely 
ContusE' (ed, ing) 
Contu'sion 
Con'usanee 
Con'usant 

ConvalescE' (ed, ing) 
Convales'cence 
ConvenE' (ed, ing) 
Convenience 
Convenient 
Con'vent 
Conven'tiele 
Conven'tion 
Conven'tional 
Conven'tual 
ConvergE' (ed, ing) 
Convergence 
Conver'sant 
Conversa'tion 
Conversa'tional 
ConversE' (ed, ing) 
Con'verse 
Conver'sion 
Convert' (ed, ing) 
Con'vert 
Convertible 



Con'vex 

Convex'ity 

Convex'o -concave 

Convex'o- convex 

Convey' (ed, iug) 

Convey'ance 

Convict' (ed, ing) 

Con'vict 

Convie'tion 

ConvincE' (ed, ing) 

Convin'cible 

Conviv'ial 

Convivial'ity 

Convoca'tion 

ConvokE' (ed, ing) 

Convolution 

Convol'vulus 

Convoy' (ed, ing) 

Con'voy 

ConvulsE' (ed ing) 

Convul'sion 

Cony 

Coo (ed.ing) 

Cook (ed, ing) 

Cool (ed, ing) 

Cool' headed 

Cool'ly 

Coo'ly 

Coop (ed, ing) 

Coop'er 

Co-op'eratE (ed, ing) 

Co-opera'tion 

Co-op'erator 

Co-or'dinatE (ed, ing) 

Coot 

Copai'ba 

Co'pal 

Copart'ner 

Copart'nership 

CopE(ed, ing) 

Cope'-stone 

Co'ping 

Co'pious 

Co'pophone 

Cop'per 

Cop'peras 

Cop'per-head 

Cop'per-plate 

Cop'persmith 

Cop'pice 

Cop'rolite 

Copse 

Copt 

Cop'tic 

Cop'ula 

Cop'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Copula'tion 

Cop'y (ing), copied 

Cop'y-book 

Cop'yist 

Cop'yright 

Coquet' (ted, ting) 

Coquet'ry 

Coquette' 

Cor'aeoid 

Cor'al 

Cor'alline 

Cor'bel 

Cord (ed, ing) 

Cord'age 

Cord'ial 

Cordial'ity 

Cor'don 

Cor'duroy 

CorE (ed, ing) 

Corian'der 

Corin'thian 

Cork (ed,ing) 

Cork'screw 

Cor'morant 

Corn 

Corn'brash 

Corn 'crake 



Cor'nea 

Cor'ner 

Cor'ner-stone 

Cor'net 

Corn-flower 

Cor'nice 

Cornic'ulate 

Corn 'ing 

Cornuco'pia 

Cornut'ed 

Corol'la 

Corollary 

Coro'na 

Coro'nal 

Corona'tion 

Cor'oner 

Cor'onet 

Cor'poral 

Corpora'tion 

Corpo'real 

Corps 

Corpse 

Cor'pulence 

Cor'puscle 

Cor'ral 

Correct' (ed, ing) 

Correc'tion 

Correc'tive 

Corree'tor 

Correlative 

Correspond' (ed, ing) 

Correspond'ence 

Correspondent 

Cor'ridor 

Corrigen'da 

Cor'rigible 

Corrob'oratE (ed, ing) 

Corrob'orative 

CorrodE' (ed, ing) 

Corrod'ible 

Corro'sible 

Corro'sion 

Corro'sive 

Cor'rugatE (ed, ing) 

Corrupt' (ed , ing) 

Corrupt'ible 

Corrup'tion 

Cor'sage 

Cor'sair 

Corse 

Cor'set 

Cor'tieated 

Corun'dum 

Corus'eatE (ed, ing) 

Corusca'tion 

Corvette' 

Coryban'tic 

Coryphe'us 

Cory'za 

Cos'ily 

Cosmet'ic 

Cos'mie 

Cos'mical 

Cosmog'ony 

Cosmog'raphy 

Cosmol'ogy 

Cosmopolitan 

Cosmop'olite 

Cosmora'ma 

Cos'mos 

Cos'set 

Cost 

Cos'tal 

Cos'tive 

Cost'ly 

Cos'tume 

Co'sy 

Cot 

Coterie' 

Cotil'lion 

Cot'tage 

Cot'ton 

Cot'ton-gin 



SPELLING LIST. 



325 



Cot'ton-wool 

Cotyl'edon 

Cotyled'onous 

Couch 

Couch'ant 

Couch'-grass 



Couch'ing 
lgh (ed, 
Coul'ter 



Cough (ed, ing) 



Coun'eil 
Coun'cilor 
Coun'sel (ed, ing) 
Coun'selor 
Count (ed, ing) 
Coun'tenaneE (ed.ing) 
Count'er 

Counteract' (ed, ing) 
Coun'teract'ive 
Counterbal'ancE (ed, 

ing) 
Coun'ter-balance 
Coun'ter-current 
Counter-ev'idence 
Coun'terfeit (ed, ing) 
Coun'ter force 
Countermand' (ed, 

ing) 
Coun'terpane 
C Dun'terpart 
Coun'terpoint 
Counterpoise 
Countersign (ed, ing) 
Coun'ter-state'ment 
Countervail' (ed, ing) 
Count'ess 
Count'ing-house 
Count'less 
Coun'try 
Coun'tryman 
Coun'ty 
Coup 

Coup de soleil 
Cou'plE (ed, ing) 
Coup'let 
Coupon' 
Cour'age 
Coura'geous 
Cou'rier 
CoursE (ed, ing) 
Cours'es 
Court (ed, ing) 
Cour'teous 
Courtesan' 
Cour'tesy 
Court'ier 
Court 'liness 
Court^mar'tial 
Court'-plaster 
Court'ship 
Court' yard 
Cous'in 

Co us'in-ger'man 
Cove 

Cov'enant (ed, ing) 
Cov'er (ed, ing) 
Cov'erlet 
Cov'ert 
Cov'ertly 
Cov'erture 
Cov'et (ed, ing) 
Cov'etous 
Cov'etousness 
Cov'ey 
Cow (ed,ing) 
Cow'ard 
Cow'ardice 
Cow'-bane 
Cow'er (ed,ing) 
CowTiidE (ed, ing) 
Cowl 

Co-work'er 
Cow 'pox 
Cow'ry 



Cow'slip 

Cox'comb 

Coy 

Coyly 

Coz 

Coz'en (ed, ing) 

Co'zy 

Co'zily 

Crab 

Crab'-apple 

Crab'bed 

Crack (ed, ing) 

Crack '-brained 

Craek'er 

Crack'ling 

Craek'nel 

Cra'dle 

Craft 

Crafts'man 

Craft'y 

Crag 

Crag'gy 

Cram, (med, ming) 

Cram'bo 

Cramp (ed, ing) 

Cran' berry 

Crane 

Cra'nial 

Craniolog'ical 

Craniol'ogy 

Cra'nium 

Crank 

Crank'-pin 

Cran'ny 

Crape 

Crash 

Cra'sis 

Crass 

Crate 

Cra'ter 

Cravat' 

CravE (ed, ing) 

Cra'ven 

Craw 

Craw'flsh 

Crawl (ed, ing) 

Cray'fish 

Cray'on 

Cra'zily 

Cra'zinesa 

Cra'zy 

Creak (ed, ing) 

Cream 

Cream'y 

CreasE (ed, ing) 

CreatE' (ed, ing) 

Crea'tion 

Crea'tive 

Crea'tor 

Crea'ture 

Cre'dence 

Cre'dence-table 

Creden'tials 

Credibil'ity 

Cred'ible 

Cred'it (ed, ing) 

Cred'itable 

Cred'itably 

Cred'itor 

Credu'lity 

Creed 

Creek 

Creel 

Creep (ed, ing) 

Creep'er 

CrematE' (ed, ing) 

Crema'tion 

Cremo'na 

Cren'ellated 

Cre'ole 

Cre'osote 

Crep'itation 

Crepus'cule 



Cres'eent 

Cress 

Crest 

Creta'ceous 

Crev'ice 

Crew 

Crew'el 

Crib (bed, bing) 

Crib'bage 

Crick 

Crick'et 

Crime 

Crim'inal 

Crim'inatE (ed, ing) 

Crimina'tion 

Crimp (ed, iug) 

Crimp'ing-iron 

Crim'plE (ed, ing) 

Crim'son 

Cri'nated 

CringE (ed, ing) 

Cring'er 

Cri'nite 

Crin'klE (ed, ing) 

Crin'oline 

Crip'plE (ed, ing) 

Cri'sis 

Crisp 

Cris'pin 

Crite'rion 

Crit'ie 

Crit'ieal 

Crit'ieisE (ed, ing) 

Crit'ieism 

Critique' 

Croak (ed, ing) 

Cro'chet 

Crock (ed, ing) 

Croc'odile 

Cro'cus 

Crom'lech 

Crone 

Cro'ny 

Crook 

Crop (ped.ping) 

Cro'quet 

Croquettes' 

Cro'sier 

Cross (ed, ing) 

Cross'-bow 

Cross' bun 

Cross exam'inE (ed, 

ing) 
Cross'-eyed 
Cross'-grained 
Cross'ly 
Cross' tie 
Cross'-trees 
Crotch 
Crotch'et 
Crotch'ety 
Crouch (ed, ing) 
Croup 
Crou'pier 
Crow (ed, ing) 
Crow'-bar 
Crowd 

Crown (ed, ing) 
Crown'-glass 
Crow's'-feet 
Cru'eial 
Cru'eible 
Cru'cifix 

Cruciflx'ion [fled 

Cru'cify (ing), cruel 
Crude 
Crude'ly 
Cru'el 
Cru'elty 
Cru'et 

CruisE (ed, ing) 
Cruis'er 
Crumb 



Crum'blE (ed, ing) 

Crum'my 

Crum'pet 

Crum'plE (ed, ing) 

Crunch (ed, ing) 

Crup'per 

Crusade' 

Cruse 

Crush (ed, ing) 

Crust 

Crusta'cea 

Crusta'ceous 

Crus'ty 

Crutch 

Cry (ing), cried 

Crypt 

Cryptoga'mia 

Cryp'togram 

Cryptog'raphy 

Cryptol'ogy 

Crys'tal 

Crys'talline 

Cr y s talliza' tio n 

Crys'tallizE (ed, ing) 

Crystallog'raphy 

Cub 

Cube 

Cu'bic 

Cu'bical 

Cu'bit 

Cuek'ing-stool 

Cuck'old 

Cuck'oo 

Cucul'late 

Cu'cumber 

Cud 

Cud'dlE (ed, ing) 

Cud'dy 

Cud'gel (ed, ing) 

Cue 

Cuff (ed, ing) 

Cuirass' 

Cuisine' 

Cu'linary 

Cull (ed, ing) 

Cul'minatE (ed, ing) 

Culmina'tion 

Cul'pable 

Cul'pably 

Cul'prit 

Cul'tivable 

Cul'tivatE (ed, ing) 

Cultiva'tion 

Cul'tivator 

Cult'ure 

Cul'verin 

Cul'vert 

Cum'ber (ed, ing) 

Cum'bersome 

Cu'mulatE (ed,ing) 

Cumula'tion 

Cu'mulo-stra'tus 

Cu'neate 

Cuneiform 

Cun'ning 

Cup (ped, ping) 

Cu'pel 

Cupella'tion 

Cup'ful 

Cu'pid 

Cupid'ity 

Cu'pola 

Cur 

Cu'rate 

Cu'rative 

Cura'tor 

Curb (ed, ing) 

Curb'-stone 

Curd 

Cur'dlE (ed, ing) 

CurE (ed, ing) 

Cur'few 

Cux'ios'ity 



326 



SPELLING LIST. 



Cu'rious 

Curl(ed, ing) 

Cur'lew 

Curl'iness 

Curl'ing 

Curl'y 

Curmud'geon 

Cur'rant 

Cur'rency 

Cur'rent 

Curricle 

Currie'ulum 

Cur'rish 

Cur'ry (ing), curried 

Curry-comb 

CursE (ed, ing) 

Cur'sive 

Cur'sory 

Curt 

Curtail' (ed, ing) 

Cur'tain 

CurVature 

CurvE (ed, ing) 

Curvet' (ed, ing) 

Cur'viform 

Curvilin'ear 

Cush'ion 

Cusp 

Cus'pidate 

Cus'tard 

Custo'dian 

Cus'tody 

Cus'tom 

Cus'tomary 

Cut (ting) 

Cuta'neous 

Cute 

Cu'ticle 

Cutlass 

Cutlery 

Cut'ter 

Cut'-throat 

Cut'tle-flsh 

Cut' water 

Cy'cle 

Cyc'lical 

Cy'clist 

Cyclone' 

Cyclope'dia 

Cyg'net 

Cyl'inder 

Cylin'drical 

Cym'bal 

Cynan'ehe 

Cyn'ic 

Cyn'ical 

Cy'nosure 

Cy'press 

Cy'priot 

Cyst 

Cysti'tis 

Cys'tocele 

Cyst'ose 

Czar 

Czari'na 



Dab (bed, bing) 

Dab'blE (ed, ing) 

Dab'ster 

Dae'tyl 

Dactylol'ogy 

Da'do 

Daffodil 

Daft 

Dag'ger 

Daguerre'otype 

Dahl'' 



ll'ia 
Dain'tiness 
Dain'ty 
Dai'ry 



Da'is 

Dai'sy 

Dale 

Dal'liance 

Dal'ly (ing), dallied 

Dam (ined, ming) 

Dam'agE (ed, ing) 

Dam'ageable 

Dam'ask 

Dam'ask-rose 

Dame 

Damn (ed, ing) 

Damna'tion 

Damp (ed, ing) 

Damp'er 

Dam'sel 

Dam'son 

DancE (ed, ing) 

Dan'delion 

Dan'dlE (ed.ing) 

Dan'druff 

Dan'dy 

Dane 

Dan'ger 

Dan'glE (ed, ing) 

Dan'ish 

Dank 

Dap'per 

Dap'plE (ed, ing) 

Dap'ple-gray 

DarE (ed, ing) 

Dark 

Dark'en (ed, ing) 

Dark'some 

Darkling 

Darn (ed, ing) 

Darnel 

Dart (ed, ing) 

Dash, (ed, ing) 

Das'tard 

Das'tardly 

Da'ta 

DatE (ed, ing) 

Date'-tree 

Daub (ed, ing) 

Daub'y 

Daugh'ter 

Daunt (ed, ing) 

Daunt'less 

Dau'phin 

Da'vits 

Daw 

Daw'dlE (ed, ing) 

Dawn (ed, ing) 

Day 

Day'-book 

Day'-dream 

Day'-time 

DazE (ed, ing) 

Daz'zlE (ed, ing) 

Dea'con 

Dea'coness 

Dead 

Dead letter 

Dead'en (ed, ing) 

Dead'ly 

Dead'ness 

Deaf 

Deafen (ed, ing) 

Deafness 

Deal (ing), dealt 

Dean 

Dear 

Dear'ly 

Dearth 

Death 

Deathless 

Death'ly 

Death'-rattle 

Death'-warrant 

Death'-watch 

Debar' (red, ring) 

Debark' (ed, ing) 



DebasE' (ed.ing) 

Debat'able 

DebatE' (ed, ing) 

Debauch' (ed, ing) 

Debauchee' 

Debauch'ery 

Debent'ure 

Debil'itatE (ed, ing) 

Debil'ity 

Deb'it (ed, ing) 

Debonair' 

Debouch' (ed, ing) 

Debris' 

Debt 

Debt'or 

Debut' 

Dec'ade 

Deca'denee 

Dec'alogue 

Decamp' (ed, ing) 

Decant (ed, ing) 

Decan'ter 

Decap'itatE (ed, ing) 

Decasyllab'ic 

Decay' (ed, ing) 

Decease' 

Deceit' 

Deceit'ful 

Deceiv'able 

DeceivE' (ed, ing) 

Decem'ber 

Decem'vir 

De'eency 

Deeen'nial 

De'cent 

Decen'tralizE (ed, ing) 

Decep'tion 

Decep'tive 

DecidE' (ed.ing) 

Deeid'edly 

Decid'uous 

Dec'imal 

Dee'imatE (ed, ing) 

Deci'pher (ed, ing) 

Decipherable 

Decis'ion 

Deci'sive 

Deck (ed, ing) 

Declaim' (ed, ing) 

Declama'tion 

Declam'atory 

Declaration 

Declaratory 

DeclarE' (ed, ing) 

Declen'sion 

Declina'tion 

DeclinE' (ed, ing) 

Declinom'eter 

Decliv'ity 

Decoct' (ed, ing) 

Decoc'tion 

Decol'latE (ed, ing) 

Decollation 

DecomposE' (ed, ing) 

Deeomposi'tion 

Dec'oratE (ed, ing) 

Decora'tion 

Dec'orator 

Dee'orous 

Decor'ticatE (ed, ing) 

Deco'rum 

Decoy' (ed, ing) 

DecreasE' (ed, ing) 

Decree' (ing), decreed 

Dec'rement 

Decrep'it 

Decrep'itatE (ed, ing) 

Decrep'itude 

Decre'tal 

Dee'retory 

Decry' (ing), decried 

Dec'uplE (ed, ing) 

Decur'rent 



Decus'satE (ed t ing) 

Ded'ieatE (ed, ing) 

Dedica'tion 

DeducE' (ed, ing) 

Dedu'eible 

Deduct' (ed, ing) 

Deduc'tion 

Deed 

Deem (ed, ing) 

Deep 

Deep'en (ed, ing) 

Deep'ness 

Deer 

Deer'-stalk'ing 

DefaeE' (ed, ing) 

Deface'ment 

Defalcation 

Defama'tion 

Defam'atory 

DefamE' (ed, ing) 

Default' 

Defea'sance 

Defeasible 

Defeat' (ed.ing) 

Def ecatE (ed, ing) 

Defect' 

Defec'tive 

Defend' (ed, ing) 

Defend'ant 

Defense' 

Defenseless 

Defen'sible 

Defen'sive 

Defer 7 (red, ring) 

Deference 

Deferen'tial 

Defi'ance 

Defi'ant 

Defi'eient 

Deficit 

DefilE'(ed,ing) 

Defile'ment 

Defln'able 

DeflnE' (ed, ing) 

Definite 

Defini'tion 

Definitive 

DeflagratE (ed, ing) 

Deflect' (ed, ing) 

Deflux'ion 

Defolia'tion 

Deform' (ed, ing) 

Deform'ity 

Defraud' (ed, ing) 

Defray' (ed, ing) 

Deft 

Defunct' 

Defy' (ing), defied 

Degen'eratE (ed, ing) 

Degluti'tion 

Degrada'tion 

DegradE' (ed, ing) 

Degree' 

Dehis'cence 

Deifiea'tion 

De'ify (ing), deified 

Deign (ed, ing) 

De'ism 

De'ist 

De'ity 

Deject' (ed, ing) 

Dejec'tion 

Delay' (ed, ing) 

Delec'table 

Delecta'tion 

Del'egatE (ed, ing) 

Delete'rious 

Delf 

Delib'eratE (ed, ing) 

Delibera'tion 

Del'icacy 

Del'icate 

Deli'cious 



SPELLING LIST. 



327 



Deliga'tion 

Delight' (ed, ing) 

Delight'ful 

Delin'eatE (ed, ing) 

Delinea'tion 

Delin'eator 

Delinquent 

DeliquescE' (ed. ing) 

Deliques'eenee 

Delir'ious 

Delir'ium 

Delir'ium tre'mens 

Deliv'er (ed, ing) 

Deliv'ery 

Dell 

Del'ta 

Delud'able 

Delude' (ed, ing) 

Del'uge 

Delu'sion 

Delu'sive 

DelvE (ed, ing) 

Dem'agogue 

Dem'agogy 

Demand' (ed, ing) 

Demarka'tion 

Demean' (ed, ing) 

Demean'or 

Dem'i 

Dem'i god 

Dem'ijohn 

Demis'able 

DemisE' (ed, ing) 

Democ'racy 

Demo'erat 

Demoerat'ic 

Demol'ish (ed, ing) 

Demoli'tion 

De'mon 

Demo'niac 

Demonol'ogy 

Demonstrable 

Dem'onstratE (ed.ing) 

Demon'strative 

Dem'onstrator 

Demoralization 

Demor'alizE (ed, ing) 

Demot'ic 

Demul'cent 

Demur' (red, ring) 

Demure' 

Demurrable 

Demur'rage 

Demy' 

Den 

Dena'tionalizE (ed, 

ing) 
Dendrit'io 
Dengue 
Deni'al 
Den'izen 

Denom'inatE (ed, ing) 
Denomina'tion 
Denom'inator 
Denot'able 
DenotE' (ed, ing) 
Denouement' 
DenouneE' (ed, ing) 
Dense 
Den'sity 
Dent (ed, ing) 
Den'tal 
Denta'tion 
Den'tifriee 
Den'tist 
Den'tistry 
Denuda'tion 
DenudE' (ed, ing) 
Denuneia'tion 
Deny' (ing), denied 
Deodar' 
Deodoriza'tion 
Deo'dorizE (ed, ing) 



Depart' (ed, ing) 

Depart'ment 

Depart'ure 

Depend' (ed, ing) 

Depen'dence 

Depen'dent 

Depict' (ed. ing) 

Depil'atory 

Deple'tion 

Deple'tory 

Deplo'rable 

DeplorE' (ed, iug) 

Deploy' (ed, ing) 

Deploy'ment 

Depo'nent 

Depop'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Deport' (ed, ing) 

Deporta'tion 

Deport'ment 

Depos'able 

DeposE' (ed, ing) 

Depos'it (ed, ing) 

Deposi'tion 

Depos'itory 

Depot 

Deprava'tion 

DepravE' (ed, ing) 

Deprav'ity 

Dep'reeable 

Dep'recatE (ed, ing) 

Depreca'tion 

Depre'ciatE (ed, ing) 

Deprecia'tion 

Dep'redatE (ed, ing) 

Depreda'tion 

Depreda'tor 

Depress' (ed, ing) 

Depres'sion 

Depres'sive 

Depriva'tion 

DeprivE' (ed, ing) 

Depth 

Dep'uratE (ed, ing) 

Depura'tion 

Deputa'tion 

DeputE' (ed, ing) 

Dep'uty 

DerangE' (ed, ing) 

Derange'ment 

Der'eliet 

Derelie'tion 

DeridE' (ed, ing) 

Deri'sion 

Deri'sive 

Deriva'tion 

Deriv'ative 

DerivE' (ed, ing) 

Derm 

Der'ma 

Dermal 

Dermatol'ogist 

Dermatol'ogy 

Der'mis 

Der'ogatE (ed, ing) 

Deroga'tion 

Derog'ative 

Derog'atory 

Der'rick 

Descant' (ed,ing) 

Descend' (ed.ing) 

Descend 'ant 

Descend'ent 

Deseend'ible 

Descent' 

DescribE' (ed, ing) 

Descrip'tion 

Descrip'tive 

Descry (ing), descried 

Des'eeratE (ed, ing) 

Deseera'tion 

Des'ert 

Desert' (ed.ing) 

Deser'tion 



DeservE' (ed, ing) 

Deshabille' 

Desic'catE (ed, ing) 

Desieca'tion 

Desidera'ta 

Desid'eratE (ed, ing) 

Desidera'tum 

Design' (ed, ing) 

Des'ignatE (ed, ing) 

Designa'tion 

Design 'ing 

Desir'able 

DesirE' <,ed, ing) 

Desir'ous 

Desist' (ed, ing) 

Desk 

Des'olatE (ed, ing) 

Desola'tion 

Despair' (ed, ing) 

Despera'do 

Des'perate 

Des'pieable 

Despis'able 

DespisE' fed, ing) 

Despite' 

Despite'ful 

Despoil' (ed, ing) 

Despolia'tion 

Despond' (ed, ing) 

Despond'ency 

Despond'ent 

Des'pot 

Des'potism 

Despu'matE (ed, ing) 

Desquamation 

Dessert' 

Destina'tion 

Des'tinE (ed, ing), 

Des'tiny 

Des'titute 

Destitu'tion 

Destroy' (ed, ing) 

Destructible 

Destrue'tion 

Destruc'tive 

Des'uetude 

Des'ultory 

Detach' (ed, ing) 

Detach'ment 

Detail' (ed, ing) 

Detain' (ed, ing) 

Detain'ment 

Detect' (ed, ing) 

Detec'tive 

Deten'tion 

Deter' (red, ring) 

Deter'gent 

Dete'rioratE (ed, ing) 

Deteriora'tion 

D eterm ina'tion 

Deter'minE (ed, ing) 

Deter'sive 

Detest' (ed, ing) 

Detest'able 

Detesta'tion 

DethronE' (ed, ing) 

Det'onatE (ed, ing) 

Detona'tion 

Detour' 

Detract' (ed, ing) 

Detrac'tion 

Det'riment 

Detrimental 

Detri'tus 

Deuce 

Deuterog'amy 

Deuteron'omy 

Dev'astatE (ed, ing) 

Devastation 

Devel'op (ed, ing) 

Development 

Devest' (ed, ing) 

De'viatE (ed, ing) 



Devia'tion 

Device' 

Dev'il 

Dev'ilish 

Dev'iltry 

De'vious 

Devis'able 

DevisE' (ed, ing) 

Devisee' 

Devi'sor 

Devoid' 

Devolu'tion 

DevolvE' (ed, ing) 

DevotE' (ed, ing) 

Devotee' 

Devo'tion 

Devo'tional 

Devour' (ed, ing) 

Devout' 

Dew 

Dew'berry 

Dew'lap 

Dex'ter 

Dex'terous 

Diabe'tes 

Diablerie 

Diabol'ical 

Diab'olism 

Diac'onate 

Diacous'tics 

Dia'dem 

Diaer'esis 

Diagno'sis 

Diag'ona}.. 

Di'agram 

Di'al 

Di'alect 

Dialec'tics 

Di'alogue 

Diam'eter 

Di'amond 

Diapa'son 

Di'aper 

Diaph'anous 

Diaphoret'ic 

Di'aphragm 

Diarrhoe'a 

Di'ary 

Dias'tole 

Diathe'sis 

Di'atribe 

Dib'blE (ed, ing) 

DicE (ed, ing) 

Dichot'omous 

Dick'ey 

Dic'tatE (ed, ing) 

Dieta'tor 

Dictato'rial 

Die'tion 

Dic'tionary 

Die'tum 

Didac'tic 

Didac'tics 

Did'dlE (ed, ing) 

Did'ymous 

Die, died, dying 

Di'et (ed, ing) 

Di'etary 

Dietet'ic 

Dietet'ies 

Differ (ed, ing) 

Difference 

Differencial 

Difficult 

Diffidence 

Diffident 

Diffrae'tion 

DiffusE' (ed, ing) 

Diffu'sible 

Diffu'sion 

Dig (ging), dug 

Di'gest 

Digest' (ed, ing) 



328 



SPELLING LIST. 



Digest'ible 

Diges'tion 

Dig'it 

Digitalis 

Digito'rium 

Dig'nify (ing), digni- 
fied 

Dig'nity 

Digress' (ed, ing) 

Digres'sion 

Dike 

Dilap'idatE (ed, ing) 

Dilapidation 

Dilata'tion 

DilatE' (ed, ing) 

Dil'atory 

Dilem'ma 

Dilettan'te 

Dilettan'ti 

Dil'igence 

Di'luent 

DilutE' (ed, ing) 

Dilu'tion 

Dilu'vium 

Dim 

Dimen'sion 

Dimin'ish (ed, ing) 

Diminu'tion 

Dimin'utive 

Dim'ity 

Dim'ness 

Dimor'phous 

Dim'ple 

Din 

DinE (ed, ing) 

Din'giness 

Din'gy 

Dinor'nis 

Dint (ed, ing) 

Dioc'esan 

Di'oeqse 

Diop'trics 

Diora'ma 

Dip (ped, ping) 

Diphthe'ria 

Diph'thong 

Diplo'ma 

Diplo'macy 

Dip'lomate 

Diplomatic 

Diplo'matist 

Dipsoma'nia 

Dip'terous 

Dire 

Direct' (ed, ing) 

Diree'tion 

Direc'tor 

Direc'tory 

Dire'ful 

Dirge 

Dirk 

Dirt 

Dirt'i]y 

Dirty (ing), dirtied 

Disability 

Disa'blE (ed,ing) 

DisabusE' (ed, ing) 

Disadvan'tage 

Disadvantageous 

Disaffect' (ed, ing) 

Disaffee'ticn 

Disaffirm' (ed, ing) 

Disaffirm'ance 

Disagree' (ing), dis- 
agreed 

Disagree'able 

Disagree'ment 

Disallow' (ed, ing) 

Disallow'anee 

Disappear' (ed, ing) 

Disappear'anee 

Disappoint' (ed, ing) 

Disappoint'ment 



Disapproba'tion 

DisapprovE' (ed, ing) 

Disarm' (ed, ing) 

Disar'mament 

DisarrangE' (ed, ing) 

Disasso'ciatE (ed, ing) 

Disas'ter 

Disastrous 

Disavow' (ed.ing) 

Disavow'al 

Disband' (ed, ing) 

Disbelief 

DisbelievE' (ed. ing) 

DisbursE' (ed, ing) 

Disc 

Discard' (cd, ing) 

Discern' (ed, ing) 

Discern'ible 

Discern'ment 

DischargE' (ed, ing) 

Disci'ple 

Disciplina'rian 

Dis'ciplinE (ed, ing) 

Disclaim' (ed, ing; 

DisclosE' (ed, ing) 

Diselos'ure 

Discol'or (ed, ing) 

Discolora'tion 

Discom'fit (ed, ing) 

Discom'fiture 

Discom'fort 

Disconcert' (ed, ing) 

Disconnect' (ed, ing) 

Diseon'solate 

Discontent' 

Discontinuance 

Discontin'uE (ed, ing) 

Dis'cord 

Discord'ant 

Dis'eount 

Discoun'tenancE (ed, 
iug) 

Discour'agE (ed, ing) 

Discourse' 

Discour'tesy 

Dis'cous 

Discov'er (ed, ing) 

Discov'erable 

Diseov'ery 

Discred'it (ed, ing) 

Discreditable 

Discreet' 

Discrepancy 

Discrete' 

Discre'tion 

Discre'tionary 

Discrim'inatE (ed.ing) 

Discrimina'tion 

Discrim'in ator 

Diseur'sion 

Discur'sive 

Dis'eus 

Dis'cuss (ed, ing) 

Discus'sion 

Disdain' (ed, ing) 

Disdain'ful 

Disease' 

Disembark' (ed, ing) 

Disembod'y (ing), dis- 
embodied 

Disembow'el (ed, ing) 

Disenchant' (ed, ing) 

DisengagE' (ed, in<r) 

Disentan'glE (ed, ing) 

Disestablish (ed, ing) 

Disesteem' 

Disfa'vor 

Disfig'urE (ed, ing) 

Disfran'ehisE (ed, ing) 

DisgorgE' (ed, inpr) 

DisgracE' (ed, ing) 

Disgrace'ful 

DisguisE' (ed, ing) 



Disgust' (ed, ing) 
Dish (ed, ing) 
Disheart'en (ed, ing) 
Dish'ful 
Dishon'est 
Dishon'or (ed, ing) 
Dishon'orable 
Disinclina'tion 
DisinclinE' (ed, ing) 
Disinfect' (ed, ing) 
Disinfect'ant 
Disingen'uous 
Disinherit (ed, ing) 
Disinheritance 
Disin'tegratE (ed, ing) 
Disinter' (red, ring) 
Disinterested 
Disinterment 
Disjoin' (ed, ing) 
Disjoint' (ed, ing) 
Disjunct' 
Disjunc'tive 
Disk 

DislikE' (ed.ing) 
Dis'locatE (ed, iug) 
Dislocation 
DislodgE' (cd, ing) 
Dislodg'ment 
Disloy'al 
Dis'mal 

Disman'tlE (ed, ing) 
Dismast' (ed, ing) 
Dismay' (ed, ins) 
Dismem'ber (ed, ing) 
Dismiss' (ed, ing) 
Dismis'sal 
Dismount' (ed, ing) 
Disobe'dience 
Disobey' (ed, ing) 
DisobligE' (ed, ing) 
Disor'der (ed, ing) 
Disor'derly 
Disor'ganizE (ed, ing) 
Disown' (ed, ing) 
Dispar'agE (ed, iug) 
Disparity 
Dispas'sionate 
Dispatch' (ed, ing) 
Dispel' (led, ling) 
Dispen'sable 
Dispen'sary 
Dispensation 
DispensE' (ed, ing) 
DispersE' (ed, ing) 
Disper'sion 
Dispir'it (ed, ing) 
DisplaeE' (ed, ing) 
Displace'ment 
Display' (ed, ing) 
DispleasE' (ed, ing) 
Displeas'ure 
Disport' (ed, ing) 
Dispos'able 
Dispos'al 
DisposE' (ed.ing) 
Disposi'tion 
Dispossess' (ed, ing) 
Disproof 
Disproportion 
Dispropor'tionate 
Dispropor'tionately 
Disprov'al 
DisprovE' (ed, ing) 
Disputa'tion 
Disputa'tious 
DisputE' (ed, ing) 
Disqualification 
Disqual'ify (ing), dis- 
qualified 
Disqui'et 
Disqui'etude 
Disquisi'tion 
Disregard' (ed, ing) 



Disregard'ful 

Disrel'ish 

Disrep'utable 

Disrepute' 

Disrespect' 

Disrespeet'ful 

DisrobE' (ed, ing) 

Disrup'tion 

Dissatisfae'tion 

Dissat'isfy (ing), dis 

satisfied 
Dissect' (ed, ing) 
Dissect'ible 
Dissec'tion 
Dissec'tor 
Dissem'blE (ed, ing) 
Dissem'inatE (ed, ing) 
Dissemina'tion 
Dissen'sion 
Dissent' (ed, ing) 
Dissen'tient 
Disserta'tion 
Dissev'er (ed, ing) 
Dis'sidence 
Dis'sident 
Dissim'ilar 
Dissimil'itude 
Dissim'ulatE (ed, ing) 
Dissimulation 
Dis'sipatE (ed, ing) 
Dissipa'tion 
Disso'ciatE (ed, ing) 
Dis'soluble 
Dis'solute 
Dissolu'tion 
Dissolv'able 
DissolvE' (ed, ing) 
Dis'sonanee 
Dis'sonant 
DissuadE' (ed, ing) 
Dissua'sion 
Dissua'sive 
Dissyllable 
Dis'taff 

Dis'tancE (ed, ing) 
Dis'tant 
Distaste' 
Distaste'ful 
Distem'per 
Distend 7 (ed, ing) 
Disten'sion 
Dis'tich 
Distilr* (ed, ing) 
Distilla'tion 
Distillery 
Distinct' 
Distinc'tion 
Distinct'ness 
Distinguish (ed, ing) 
Distinguishable 
Distort' (ed, ing) 
Distor'tion 
Distract' (ed, ing) 
Distrae'tion 
Distrain' (ed, ing) 
Distrain'able 
Distress' (ed, ing) 
Distressful 
Distrib'utable 
Distrib'utE (ed, ing) 
Distribu'tion 
Distributive 
Dis'trict 

Distrust' (ed, ing) 
Distrust'ful 
Disturb' (ed, ing) 
Disturb'ance 
Disun'ion 
DisunitE' (ed, ing) 
Disu'nity 
DisusE' (ed, ing) 
Ditch 
Dit'to 



SPELLING LIST. 



329 



Dit'ty 

Diure'sis 

Diuret'ie 

Diur'nal 

DivarlcatE (ed, ing) 

Divarica'tion 

DivE (ing), dived 

dove 
DivergE' (ed, iug) 
Divergence 
Diver'gent 
Di'vers 
Di'verse 
Diversiflca'tion 
Diver'siform 
Diver'sify (ing), di 

versified « 
Diver'sion 
Diver'sity 
Divert' (ed, ing) 
Diver'tisement 
Divest' (ed, ing) 
Dives'tible 
Divid'able 
DividE' (ed, ing) 
Div'idend 
Divid'ers 
Divina'tion 
DivinE' (ed, ing) 
Diving-bell 
Divining-rod 
Divinity 
Divisible 
Division 
Divi'sor 

DivoreE' (ed, ing) 
Divor'cible 
DivulgE' (ed, ing) 
Diz'ziness 
Diz'zy 

Do (ing), done 
Do'eile 
Docil'ity 
Doek (ed, ing) 
Dock'age 
Dock'et (ed, ing) 
Doe'tor (ed, ing) 
Doe'trine 
Doe'ument 
Doeument'ary 
Dodee'agon 
DodgE (ed, ing) 
Do'do 
Doe 

Doe'skin 
Doff (ed, ing) 
Dog (ged, ging) 
Dog'-days 
Dog'-fish 
Dog'gerel 
Dog'ma 
Dog'matism 
Dog'matist 
Dog'matizE (ed, ing) 
Dog'-rose 
Dog'-wateh 
Doi'ly 
Doit 



DolE (ed, ing) 

Dole'ful 

Doll 

Dol'inan 

Dol'men 

Dol'omite 

Dolphin 

Dolt 

Domain' 

Dome 

Domes'tie 

Domes'ticatE (ed, ing) 

Dom'ieilE (ed, ing) 

Domieil'iary 

Dom'inant 



Dom'inatE (ed, ing) 

Domination 

Domineer' (ed, ing) 

Domin'ical 

Dominican 

Dominion 

Domino 

Don (ned, ning) 

Dona'tion 

Don'key 

Do'nor 

Doom (ed, ing) 

Dooms'day 

Dooms'day-book 

Door 

Doric 

Dor'mant 

Dor'mitory 

Dor'mouse 

Dor'sal 

Dose (ed, ing) 

Dot (ted, ting) 

Do'tage 

Do'tard 

DotE (ed, ing) 

Dotlngly 

Doub'lE(ed, ing) 

Doublet 

Doubloon 

Doubt (ed, ing) 

Doubt'ful 

Doubtless 

Douche 

Dough 

Dough'nut 

Dough'ty 

Dough'y 

Douse (ed, ing) 

Dove 

Dovelike 

Dove'tail 

Dow'dy 

Dow'el (ed, ing) 

Dow'er 

Dowlas 

Down 

Down'east 

Down'fall 

Down'right 

Downs 

Down'wards 

Dowry 

Doxol'ogy 

Doze (ed, ing) 

Doz'en 

Dozi'ness 

Do'zy 

Drab 

Drachm 

Draff 

Draft (ed, ing) 

Drafts'man 

Drag (ged, ging) 

Drag'glE(ed, ing) 

Drag'on 

Dragoon' 

Drain (ed, ing) 

Drain'age 

Drake 

Dram 

Dra'ma 

Dram'atist 

Dram'atizE (ed, ing) 

Dram'aturgy 

DrapE (ed, ing) 

Dras'tic 

Draught' 

graughts 
raughts'man 
Draw (ing), drawn 
Drawback 
Draw'-bridge 
Draw'ers 



Drawing 

Drawl (ed, ing) 

Dray 

Dread (ed, ing) 

Dread'ful 

Dream (ed, ing) 

Dream'y 

Drear 

Dreariness 

Drear'y 

DredgE (ed, ing) 

Dregs 

Drench (ed, ing) 

Dress (ed, ing) 

Dress'y 

Drib'blE (ed, ing) 

Driblet 

Dri'er 

Drift (ed,ing) 

Drill (ed, ing) 

Drink (ing), drunk or 

drank 
Drink'able 
Drip (ped, ping) 
DrivE (ing), drove 

driven 
Driv'el (ed, ing) 
Driz'zle 
Driz'zly 
Droll 
Drollery 
Drom'edary 
DronE (ed, ing) 
Droop (ed, ing) 
Drop (ped, ping) 
Drop'sieal 
Drop's y 
Dros'ky 
Dross 
Droiight 
Drove 

Drown (ed, ing) 
DrowsE (ed, ing) 
Drow'siness 
Drow'sy 
Drub (bed, bing) 
DrudgE (ed, ing) 
Drudg'ery 
Drug (ged, ging) 
Drug'get 
Drug'gist 
Druid 

Drum (med, ming) 
Drum'mer 
Drunk 
Drunk'ard 
Drunk'en 
Drunken'ness 
Dry (ing), dried 
Dry'ad 
Dryly 
Dry'ness 
Dry'-rot 
Dry 'shod 
Du'al 
Duality 
Dub (bed, bing) 
Du'bious 
Du'bitably 
Du'cal 

Duck (ed, ing) 
Duckling 
Duet 
Duc'tile 
Dude 
Dud'geon 
Due 
Du'el 
Duen'na 
Duet' 
Dug 
Duke 
Dul'cet 



Dul'eify (ing), dulci« 

fied 
Dul'cimer 
Dull (ed, ing) 
Dullard 
Dull'ness 
Duly 
Dumb 
Dumb'-bells 
Dumb'ness 
Dumb'-waiter 
Dum'found (ed, ing) 
Dum'my 
Dumpish 
Dumpling 
Dum'py 
Dun (ned, ning) 
Dunce 
Dune 
Dung 
Dun'geon 
Duodecimo 
Duode'num 
DupE (ed, ing) 
Du'plicate 
Duplication 
Duplicity 
Du'rable 
Du'rance 
Dura'tion 
Du'ress 
Dusk 
Dusk'y 
Dust (ed, ing) 
Dust'-pan 
Dust'y 
Dutch 
Du'teous 
Du'tiful 
Duly 

Dwarf (ed, ing) 
Dwell (ing), dwelled 

or dwelt 
Dwin'dlE (ed, ing) 
DyE, dyed, dyeing 
Dye'stuff 
Dyke 
Dynamic 
Dynamical 
Dynamics 
Dy'namite 
Dy'namo 
Dynamom'eter 
Dy 'nasty 
Dys'entery 
Dyspep'sia 
Dyspep'tic 
Dyspha'gia 
Dyspnoe'a 
Dysliry 



Each 

Ea'ger 

Eager'ness 

Ea*gle 

Ea'glet 

Ear 

Ear'-drum 

Earl 

Early 

Earn (ed, ing) 

Ear'nest 

Ear'-ring 

Ear'-shot 

Earth 

Earth'en 

Earth 'enware 

Earthly 

Earth'quake 

Earth'ward 



330 



SPELLING LIST. 



Earth'work 

Earth'-worm 

Earth'y 

Ear'wig 

EasE (ed, ing) 

Eas'el 

Ease'ment 

Eas'ily 

East 

Eas'ter 

East'ern 

Ea'sy 

Eat (ing), ate 

Eat'able 

Eaves 

Eaves'dropper 

Ebb (ed, ing) 

Eb'ony 

Ebri'ety 

Ebulli'tion 

Ebur'nean 

Eccen'tric 

Eccentrie'ity 

Ecchymo'sis 

Ecclesias'tic 

Ecclesias'tieal 

Eehi'nate 

Echi'nite 

Ech'inus 

Ech'o (ed, ing) 

Eelec'tic 

Eelec'ticism 

EclipsE' (ed, ing) 

Eclip'tie 

Ec'logue 

Econom'ical 

Econom'ies 

Econ'omist 

Eeon'omizE (ed, ing) 

Econ'omy 

Ec'stasy 

Ecstat'ic 

Eeumon'ical 

Eeze'ma 

Edac'ity 

Ed'da 

Ed'dy (ing), eddied 

Edem'atous 

E'den 

Eden'tate 

Eden'tulous 

Edge 

Ed'ible 

E'dict 

Ediflea'tion 

Ed'iftce 

Ed'ify (ing), edified 

Ed'it (ed, ing) 

Edi'tion 

Ed'itor 

Ed'itress 

Ea'ucatE (ed, ing) 

Eduea'tion 

EducE' (ed, ing) 

Edu'cible 

Educt' 

Edue'tion 

Educ'tor 

Eel 

EffaeE' (ed, ing) 

EiFace'able 

Effect' (ed, ing) 

Effec'tive 

EfFect'ual 

Erfect'uatE (ed, ing) 

Effem'inaey 

Effer vescE' (ed, ing) 

Efferves'cent 

Effete' 

Ei'ricaey 

Efficiency 

Effigy 

EffloreseE' (ed, ing) 



Efflores'cence 

Effluent 

Efflux 

Effron'tery 

Efful'gence 

EffusE' (ed, ing) 

Effu'sion 

Effu'sive 

Eft 

Egg (ed, ing) 

Egg'nog 

Egg' -plant 

Egg'-shell 

Eglantine 

E%oist 

Eg'otism 

Eg'otist 

Egre'gious 

E'gress 

Ei'der-down 

Ei'der-duck 

Eight 

Eigh'ty 

Eistedd'fod 

Ei'ther 

Ejae'ulatE (ed,ing) 

Ejac'ulatory 

Eject' (ed, ing) 

Eject'ment 

EkEted, ing) 

Elab'oratE (ed, ing) 

E'land 

ElapsE' (ed, ing) 

Elas'tic 

Elasti'city 

ElatE' (ed, ing) 

Ela'tion 

El'bow (cd, ing) 

El'der 

El'dest 

Elecampane' 

Elect' (ed, ing) 

Elec'tion 

Elec'tive 

Elec'tor 

Elec'toral 

Elec'trical 

Electri'eian 

Electri'city 

Elec'trify (ing), elec- 
trified 

Elec'trine 

Eleetrocu'tion 

Elec'trode 

Elec'tro-dynam'iCB 

Electrol'ogy 

Electrol'ysis 

Eleetrolyt'ic 

Electrom'eter 

Elec'tro-plate 

Elec'troscope 

Elee'ti-otypE (ed, ing) 

Elec'trum 

Eleemos'ynary 

El'egance 

El'egant 

Eleg'iae 

El'egy 

El'enient 

Elemen'tary 

El'ephant 

Elephanti'asis 

Elephan'tine 

Eleusin'ian 

El'evatE (ed, ing) 

Eleva'tion 

El'evator 

Elev'en 

Elf 

Elfin 

Eli'cit (ed, ing) 

ElidE' (ed, ing) 

El'igible I 



Elim'inatE (ed, ing) 

Elimination 

Elix'ir 

Elk 

Ell 

Ellipse' 

Ellip'sis 

Ellip'tical 

Elm 

Eloeu'tion 

Eloign' (ed, ing) 

Elon'gatE (ed, ing) 

Elonga'tion 

ElopE' (ed, ing) 

El'oquence 

El'oquent 

Elu'cidatE (ed, ing) 

Elucida'tion 

Elu'eidator 

EludE' (ed, ing) 

Elu'sive 

Elu sory 

Elys'ian 

Elys'ium 

Em 

Ema'ciatE (ed, ing) 

Emacia'tion 

Em'anatE(ed, ing) 

Emana'tion 

Eman'cipatE (ed, ing) 

Emancipation 

Eman'cipator 

Emas'eulatE (ed, ing) 

Embalm' (ed, ing) 

Embalm'ing 

Embank' (ed, ing) 

Embank'ment 

Embar'go 

Embark' (ed, ing) 

Embarka'tion 

Embar'rass (ed, ing) 

Embar'rassment 

Em'bassy 

Embel'lish (ed, ing) 

Embellishment 

Em'ber 

Em'bers 

Embez'zlE (ed, ing) 

Embez'zlement 

Embla'zon (ed, ing) 

Em'blem 

Emblemat'ie 

Emblemat'ical 

Embod'y (ing), em 
bodied 

Embodiment 

Embol'den (ed, ing) 

Em'bolism 

Em'bolus 

Embo'som (ed, ing) 

Emboss' (ed, ing) 

Embow'el (ed , ing) 

Embow'er (ed, ing) 

EmbracE' (ed, ing) 

Embraneh'ment 

Embras'ure 

Embroca'tion 

Embroid'er (ed, ing) 

Embroid'ery 

Embroil' (ed, ing) 

Embroil'ment 

Em'bryo 

Embryol'ogy 

Embryon'ic 

Emenda'tion 

Em'erald 

EmergE' (ed, ing) 

Emergency 

Em'ery 

Em'ery-paper 

Emet'ic 

Em'igrant 

Em'igratE (ed, ing) 



Emigration 

Em'inence 

Em'inent 

Em'iseary 

Emis'sion 

Emit' (ted, ting) 

Emmen'agogue 

Em'met 

Emol'lient 

Emol'ument 

Emo'tion 

Emo'tional 

Em'peror 

Em'phasis 

Em'phasizE (ed, ing) 

Emphat'ic 

Em'pire 

Empir'ic 

Empiricism 

Employ' (ed, ing) 

Employ'er 

Employ'ment 

Empo'rium 

Empow'er (ed.iug) 

Em'press 

Emp'tiness 

Emp'ty (ing), emptied 

Empyr'eal 

Empyr'ean 

Empyreumat'ie 

E'mu 

Em'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Emula'tion 

Em'ulous 

Em'ulator 

Emul'sion 

Ena'blE (ed. ing) 

Enact' (ed, ing) 

Enact'ment 

Enam'el (ed.ing) 

Enam'or (ed, ing) 

Encamp' (ed, ing) 

Encamp'ment 

EncasE' (ed, ing) 

Eneaus'tie 

Encephal'ic 

Encephali'tis 

Enceph'alon 

Enchain' (ed, ing) 

Enchant' (ed, ing) 

Enchant'ment 

Enchant'ress 

Encir'clE(ed, ing) 

Enclose' 

Enco'mium 

Encom'pass (ed, ing) 

EncorE' (ed, ing) 

Encoun'ter (ed, ing) 

Eneour'agE (ed, ing) 

Encoiir'agement 

Enci-oach' (ed, ing) 

Eneroaeh'ment 

Encum'ber (ed, ing) 

Encyc'lical 

Encyelope'dia 

Eneyeloped'ic 

Encyst'ed 

End (ed, ing) 

Endan'ger (ed, ing) 

Endear y (ed. ing) 

Endear'ment 

Endeav'or (ed, ing) 

Endem'ic 

En 'dive 

End'less 

En'doearp 

En'dogen 

Endogenous 

EndorsE' (ed, ing) 

Endow' (ed, ing) 

Endow'ment 

Endur'ance 

EndurE' (ed, ing) 



SPELLING LIST. 



331 



End'wise 

Ene'ma 

En'emy 

Energetic 

En'ergy 

En'ervatE (ed, ing) 

Enfee'blE (ed, ing) 

Enfeoff' (ed, ing) 

EnfiladE'(ed, ing) 

EnforeE' (ed, ing) 

Enforceable 

Enfran'ehisE (ed, ing) 

Enfranchisement 

EngagE' (ed, ing) 

Engage'ment 

Engen'der (ed, ing) 

En'gine 

Engineer' 

Engir'dlE (ed, ing) 

En'giseope 

Eng'lish 

EngorgE' (ed, ing) 

EngravE' (ed, ing) 

Engross' (ed, ing) 

Engulf (ed, ing) 

EnhancE' (ed, ing) 

Enhance'ment 

Enig'ma 

Enigmat'ieal 

Enjoin' (ed, ing) 

Enjoin'ment 

Enjoy' (ed, ing) 

Enjoy'nient 

Enkin'dlE (ed ; ing) 

EnlargE' (ed, ing) 

Enlarge'ment 

Enlight'en (ed, ing) 

Enlight'enment 

Enlist' (ed, ing) 

Enlist'ment 

Enli'ven (ed, ing) 

En'mity 

EnnO'blE (ed.ing) 

Enno'blement 

Ennui 

Enor'mity 

Enor'mous 

Enough.' 

Enquire' 

EnragE' (ed, ing) 

Enrapt'urE (ed, ing) 

Enrich' (ed, ing) 

Enrieh'ment 

Enroll' (ed, ing) 

Enroll'ment 

En route 

Ensam'ple 

EnsconeE' (ed, ing) 

Ensem'ble 

EnshrinE' (ed, ing) 

Enshroud' (ed, ing) 

En'siform 

En'sign 

En'silage 

EnslavE' (ed, ing) 

Enslave'ment 

EnsnarE' (ed, ing) 

EnsuE' (ed, ing) 

Ensure' 

Entablature 

Entail' (ed, ing) 

Entailment 

Entan'glE (ed, ing) 

Entan'glement 

En'ter (ed, ing) 

Enter'ic 

Enteri'tis 

Enter'ocele 

En'terprise 

Entertain' (ed, ing) 

Entertain'ment 

Enthrall' (ed, ing) 



Enthrall'men t 

EnthronE' (ed, ing) 

Enthu'siasm 

Enthu'siast 

EntieE' (ed, ing) 

Entice'ment 

Entire' 

Entire' ty 

Enti'tlE (ed, ing) 

En'tity 

Entomb' (ed, ing) 

Entomol'ogist 

Entomol'ogy 

Entomos'tracan 

Entozo'on 

En'trails 

Entram'mel (ed, ing) 

En'trance 

EntraneE' (ed, ing) 

Entrap' (ped, ping) 

Entreat' (ed, ing) 

Entrea'ty 

En'try 

EntwinE' (ed, ing) 

Enu'meratE (ed, ing) 

Enumera'tion 

Enu'merator 

Enun'ciable 

Enun'ciatE (ed, ing) 

Enuneia'tion 

Enun'ciatory 

EnurE' (ed, ing) 

Envel'op (ed, ing) 

En'velope 

Enven'om (ed, ing) 

En'viable 

En'vious 

Envi'ron (ed, ing) 

En'virons 

En'voy 

En'vy (ing), envied 

E'pact 

Ep'aulet 

Epergne' 

Ephem'era 

Ephem'eral 

Eph'od 

Ep'ie 

Ep'icarp 

Ep'icene 

Ep'ieure 

Epieu'rean 

Epidem'ie 

Epider'mis 

Epigas'tric 

Epiglot'tis 

Ep'igram 

Epigrammatic 

Ep'igraph 

Epilepsy 

Epilep'tic 

Ep'ilogue 

Epiph'any 

Epiphyllous 

Ep'iphyte 

Epis'eopacy 

Epis'copal 

Episeopa'lian 

Ep'isode 

Epistax'is 

Epis'tle 

Epis'tolary 

Ep'itaph 

Epithala'mium 

Ep'ithet 

Epitfome 

Epit'omizE (ed, ing) 

Ep'oeh 

Epura'tion 

E'quable 

E'qual (led, ling) 

Equality 

Equalization 



E'qualizE (ed, ing) 


Espou'sal 


Equanim'ity 


EspousE' (ed, ing) 


Equa'tion 


Espy' (ing). espied 
Esquimaux 


Equa'tor 


Equato'rial 


Esquire' 


Eques'trian 


Essay' (ed, ing) 


Equilat'eral 


Es'say 


Equilibrium 


Essay'ist 


E'quine 


Es'senee 


Equinoe'tial 


Essen'tial 


E'quinox 


Establish (ed, ing) 


Equip' (ped, ping) 


Establishment 


E'quipage 


Estate' 


Equip'ment 


Esteem' (ed, ing) 


E'quipoise 


Es'timable 


Eq'ui table 


Es'timatE (ed, ing) 


Equita'tion 


Estima'tion 


Eq'uity 
Equivalence 


EstrangE' (ed, ing) 


Estrange'ment 


Squiv'alent 


Es'tuary 
Etch (ed, ing) 


Equiv'ocal 


Equiv'oeatE (ed, ing) 


Eter'nal 


Equivoca'tion 


Eter'nity 


Eqiiiv'orous 


E'ther 


E'ra 


Ethe'real 


Erad'ieatE (ed, ing) 


Eth'ics 


Erad'icative 


E'thiopian 


ErasE' (ed, ing) 


Ethmoid'al 


Era'sure 


Ethnol'ogy 


Ere 


EtlolatE (ed, ing) 


Er'ebus 


Etiquette' 


Erect' (ed.ing) 


Etrus'can 


Eree'tion 


Etymological 


Erect'ness 


Etymol'ogy 


Eremacau'sis 


Eu'charist 


Er'go 


Eu'chre 


Er'got 


Eudiom'eter 


Er'gotine 


Eulogis'tic 


E'rin 


EulogizE (ed, ing) 


Er'mine 


Eulo'gium 


ErodE' (ed, ing) 


Eu'nuch 


Ero'sion 


Eu'phemism 


Erot'ic 


Eupho'nious 
Eu'phonism 


Err (ed, ing) 
Er'rand 


Eu'phony 


Er'rant 


Eu'phuism 


Errat'ic 


Eura'sian 


Err a' turn. 


Europe'an 


Er'rhine 


Eusta'chian 


Erro'neous 


Evae'uatE (ed, ing) 


Er'ror 


Evacua'tion 


Erse 


EvadE' (ed, ing) 


Erst 


Evanes'eent 


Erubes'cence 
Erubes'cent 


Evangelical 
Evan'gelist 


Eructa'tion 


Evap'oratE (ed, ing) 


Er'udite 


Evaporation 
Eva'sion 


Erudi'tion 


Erup'tion 


Eve 


Erup'tive 


E'ven 


Erysip'elas 


E'vening 


Erythe'ma 


E'venness 


Erysipelatous 


Event' 


Escapade' 


Event'ful 


EseapE'(ed, ing) 


Event'ual 


Eseape'ment 


Event'ually 


Escarp' 


Event'uatE (ed.ing) 


Escarp'ment 


Ev'er 


Es'ehar 


Everlasting 


Eseharot'ie 


Evermore' 


Escheat' (ed, ing) 


Ev'ery 


Eschew' (ed, ing) 


Ev'erywhere 


Es'eort 


Evict' (ed, ing) 


Escort' (ed, ing) 


Evie'tion 


Escritoire' 


Evidence 


Es'culent 


Evident 


Escuteh'eon 


E'vil 


Esoteric 


EvincE' (ed, ing) 


Esoterleal 


Evin'cible 


Espar'to 


Evis'ceratE (ed, ing) 


Espee'ial 


EvokE' (ed, ing) 


Es'pionage 
Esplanade' 


Evolu'tion 


EvoIve' (ed, ing) 



332 



SPELLING LIST. 



ing) 



Evolve'ment 
Sv ul'sion 
J we 
^w'er 

-.xae'erbatE (ed, ing) 
Exaeerba'tion 
Exact' (ed, ing) 
Exac'tion 
Exae'titude 
Exag'geratE (ed 
Exaggeration 
Exalt' (ed, ing) 
Exalta'tion 
Examina'tion 
Exam'inE (ed, ing) 
Exam'ple 
Exanthem'ata 
Exanthem'atous 
Exas'peratE (ed, ing) 
Exaspera'tion 
Excandes'eence 
Ex'eavatE (ed.ing) 
Excava'tion 
Exceed' (ed, ing) 
Excel' (led, ling) 
Ex'oellence 
Ex'cellent 
Excel'sior 
Except' (ed, ing) 
Excep'tion 
Exceptionable 
Exeep'tional 
Excerpt' 
Excess' 
Exees'sive 
ExchangE' (ed, ing) 
Exchangeable 
Exchequer 
Excise' 
Exeis'ion 
Exei'table 
Excita'tion 
ExcitE' (ed, ing) 
Excite'ment 
Exclaim' (ed, ing) 
Exclama'tion 
ExcludE' (ed, ing) 
Exclu'sion 
Exclu'sive 
Excommu'nicatE (ed 
ing) 

Exco'riatE ted, ing) 

Exeoria'tion 

Ex'erement 

Exerementi'tious 

Exeres'cenee 

ExcretE' (ed, ing) 

Excre'tion 

Excru'ciable 

Excru'ciatE (ed, ing) 

Excul'patE (ed, ing) 

Excul'patory 

Exeur'sion 

Excur'sive 

Excur'sus 

Excus'able 

Excuse' (ed, ing) 

Ex'ecrable 

Ex'ecrably 

Ex'eeratE (ed, ing) 

Execra'tion 

Ex'ecutable 

Ex'eeutE (ed, ing) 

Execu'tion 

Exec'utive 

Exec'utor 

Exec'utory 

Exee'utrix 

Exege'sis 

Ex'egete 

Exeget'ical 

Exem'plar 

Exem'plary 



Exem'plify (ing), ex- 
emplified 
Exempt' ted, ing) 
Exempt'ible 
Exemp'tion 
Exercisable 
Ex'ercisE (ed, ing) 
Exert' (ed, ing) 
Exer'tion 
Exfo'liatE (ed, ing) 
Exhal'able 
Exhala'tion 
ExhalE' (ed, ing) 
Exhaust' (ed, ing) 
Exhaust'ible 
Exhaust'ion 
Exhib'it (ed, ing) 
Exhibi'tion 
Exhil'arant 
Exhil'aratE (ed, ing) 
Exhilara'tion 
Exhort' (ed, ing) 
Exhorta'tion 
ExhumE' (ed, ing) 
Exhuma'tion 
Ex'igency 
Ex'ile 

ExilE' (ed, ing) 
Exist' (ed, ing) 

Exist'ence 

Exist'ent 

Ex'it 

Ex'odus 

Ex'ogen 

Exon'eratE (ed, ing) 

Exonera'tion 

Exor'bitant 

Ex'orcisE (ed, ing) 

Ex'orcism 

Exor'dium 

Exoter'ie 

Exot'ie 

Expand' (ed, ing) 



Expan'sive 

Expa'tiatE (ed, ing) 

Expa'triatE (ed, ing) 

Expect' (ed,ing) 

Expecta'tion 

Expec'toratE (ed.ing) 

Expectora'tion 

Expe'dience 

Expe'diency 

Expe'dient 

Ex'peditE (ed, ing) 

Expedi'tion 

Expedi'tious 

Expel' (led, ling) 

Expellable 

Expend' (ed, ing) 

Expen'diture 

Expense' 

Expe'rieneE (ed , ing) 

Experiment (ed, ing) 

Experimen'tal 

Expert' 

Ex'pert 

Ex'piatE (ed, ing) 

Expia'tion 

ExpirE' (ed, ing) 

Explain' (ed, ing) 

Explanatory 

Ex'pletive 

Ex'plicable 

Ex'plicative 

Explic'it 

Expli'eitness 

ExplodE' (ed, ing) 

Exploit' (ed, ing) 

ExplorE' (ed, ing) 

Explo'sion 

Explo'sive 

Expo'nent 



Export' (ed, ing) 

Exporta'tion 

Expose' (ed, ing) 

Exposi'tion 

Expost'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Expostulation 

Expo'sure 

Expound' (ed, ing) 

Express' (ed, ing) 

Expres'sible 

Expres'sion 

Expres'sive 

Expul'sion 

ExpungE' (ed, ing) 

Expur'gatE (ed, in;) 

Expurga'tion 

Ex'quisite 

Exsic'catE (ed, ing) 

Ex'tant 

Extem'pore 

Extem'porizE (ed.ing) 

Extend' (ed, ing) 

Exten'sion 

Exten'sive 

Extent' 

Exten'uatE (ed, ing) 

Extenua'tion 

Exte'rior 

Exter'minatE (ed.ing) 

Extermination 

External 

Extinct' 

Extinc'tion 

Extin'guish (ed, ing) 

Extin'guishable 

Extir'patE (ed, ing) 

Extirpa'tion 

Extol' (led, ling) 

Extort' (ed, ing) 

Extor'tion 

Extor'tionate 
tra 

Extract' (ed, ing) 

Ex'tract 

Extract'ible 

Extrac'tion 

Extradi'tion 

Extra'neous 

Extraordinarily 

Extraor'dmary 

Extrav'aganee 

Extrav'agant 

Extravasa'tion 

Extreme' 

Extrem'ity 

Ex'tricable 

Ex'tricatE (ed, ing) 

Extrica'tion 

Extrin'sic 

ExtrudE' (ed, ing) 

Extru'sion 

Exu'berance 

Exuda'tion 

ExudE' (ed,ing) 

Exult' (ed, ing) 

Exulta'tion 

EyE (ed, ing) 

Eye'ball 

Eye'beam 

Eye'brow 

Eye'drop 

Eye'flap 

Eye'lash 

Eye'let-hole 

Eye'lid 

Eye'-sore 

Eye' tooth 

Eye'-witnesa 

Ey'ot 

Ey'ra 

Eyre 

Eyr'ie 

Eyi^y 



F 

Fa 

Faba'eeous 

Fa'ble 

Fab'rie 

Fab'ricatE (ed, ing) 

Fabrica'tion 

Fabricator 

Fab'ulous 

Fagade 

FacE (ed, ing) 

Fa'cet 

Face'tise 

Face'tious 

Fa'cial 

Fa'cile 

Facil'itatE (ed, ing) 

Faeil'ity 

Fac-sim'ile 

Fact 

Fac'tion 

Fae'tious 

Factitious 

Fac'tor 

Fae'tory 

Facto'tum 

Fae'ulty 

Facund'ity 

Fad 

FadE (ed.ing) 

Fade'less 

Fae'ces 

Fag (ged, ging) 

Fag-end 

Fag'ot 

renheit 
Faience' 
Fail (ed, ing) 
Fail'ing 
Fail'ure 
Fain 

Faint (ed.ing) 
Faint'-hearted 
Faint'ness. 
Fair 

Fairly 

Fair'ness 

Faii^y 

Faith 

Faith'ful 

Faith'less 

Fakir* 

Fal'chion 

Fal'con 

Fal'conry 

Faler'nian 

Fall (ing), fell 

Falla'cious 

Fal'lacy 

Fall'en 

Fallibility 

Fallible 

Fal'low (ed, ing) 

Fal'low-deer 

False 

False-heart'ed 

False'hood 

Falset'to 

Falsification 

Fal'sify (ing), falsified 

Fal'sity 

Fal'ter (ed, ing) 

Fame 

Famed 

Famil'iar 

Familiarity 

Famil'iarizE (ed, ing) 

Fam'ily 

Fam'ine 

Fam'ish (ed, ing) 

Fa'mous 

Fan (ned, ning) 

Fanat'ic 



SPELLING LIST. 



333 



Fanatical 

Fanaticism 

Fan'eiful 

Fan'ey (ing), fancied 

Fandan'go 

Fane 

Fang 

Fan r gled 

Fanlight 

Fantas'tie 

Fan'tasy 

Far 

Faree 

Farcical 

FarE (ed, ing) 

Farewell' 

Fari'na 

Farina'eeous 

Farinose 

Farm (ed, ing) 

Farm'er 

Far'most 

Fa'ro 

Farra'go 

Farlier 

Far'riery 

Farlow (ed, ing) 

Farlher 

Far'thing 

Fas'ees 

Faseic'ular 

Fas'einatE (ed, ing) 

Faseina'tion 

Fascine' 

Fash'ion (ed, ing) 

Fash'ionable 

Fast (ed, ing) 

Fast'en (ed, ing) 

Fastid'ious 

Fastig'iate 

Fast'ness 

Fat 

Fa'tal 

Fa'talism 

Fatal'ity 

Fate 

Fa'ther (ed, ing) 

Fa'therliness 

Fa'therland 

Fath'om (ed, ing) 

Fath'omless 

FatiguE' (ed, ing) 

Fat'ness 

Fat'ten (ed, ing) 

Fat'tiness 

Fatu'ity 

Fat'uous 

Fau'ces 

Fau'eet 

Fault 

Fault'y 

Faun 

Fau'na 

Fa'vor (ed, ing) 

Fa'vorable 

Fa'vorably 

Fa'vorite 

Fa'voritism 

Favose' 

Fawn (ed, ing) 

Fay 

Feal'ty 

Fear (ed, ing) 

Feariul 

Feasibil'ity 

Fea'sible 

Feast (ed, ing) 

Feat 

Feath'er 

Feat'ure 

Feb'rifuge 

Fe'brile 



Feb'ruary 



Fe'cal 

Feckless 

Fec'ula 

Fee'ulence 

Fec'ulent 

Fecun'datE (ed, ing) 

Feeunda'tion 

Fecun'dity 

Fed'eral 

Fed'eration 

Fee (ing), feed 

Fee'ble 

Feeble'ness 

Feed (ing), fed 

Feed'er 

Feel (ing), felt 

Feel'ers 

Feel'ing 

Feel'ingly 

Fee-sim'ple 

Feign (ed, ing) 

Feint 

Feli'citatE (ed, ing) 

Feli'citous 

Feli'city 

Fe'line 

Fell (ed, ing) 

Fellah 

Felloe 

Fellow 

Fellowship 

Felly 

Fel'on 

Felo'nious 

Fel'ony 

Fel'spar 

Felt 

Feluc'ca 

Fe'male 

Feminine 

Fem'oral 

Fem'ur 

Fen 

FencE (ed, ing) 

Fen'cer 



ing) 



Fen'cing 

Fend (ed 

Fen'der 

Fe'nian 

Fen'nel 

Fe'rine 

Fer'ment 

Fermenta'tion 

Ferment' ative 

Fern 

Fero'eious 

Feroe'ity 

Ferlet (ed, ing) 

Fer'rie 

Ferriferous 

Ferru'ginous 

Fer'rule 

Fer'ry 

Fertile 

Fertility 

Fertiliza'tion 

Fer'tilizE (ed, ing) 

Fer'ule 

Fer'vency 

Fer'vent 

Fer'vid 

Fer'vor 

Fes'tal 

Fes'ter (ed, ing) 

Fes'tival 

Fes'tive 

Festivity 

Festoon' 

Fe'tal 

Fetch (ed, ing) 

Fetich 

Fetid 

Fetish 



Fetlock 

Fet'ter (ed, ing) 

Feud 

Feu'dal 

Feu'dalism 

Fe'ver 

Fe'verish 

Few 

Few'ness 

Fez 

Fi'at 

Fib (bed, bing) 

Fi'ber 

Fi'brine 

Fi'brous 

Fib'ula 

Fie'kle 

Fic'tile 

Fie'tion 

Ficti'tious 

Fid'dlE (ed, ing) 

Fidelity 

Fidg'et (ed, ing) 

Fidu'ciary 

Fie 

Fief 

Field 

Field'-piece 

Fiend 

Fiendish 

Fierce 

Fi'ery 

Fife 

Fifteen 

Fifth 

Fifty 

Fig 

Fight (ing), fought 

Fig'-leaf 

Fig'ment 

Fig'urate 

Fig'urative 

Fig'ure 

Fila'ceous 

Fil'ament 

Fila'Lure 

Fifbert 

Filch (ed, ing) 

FilE (ed, ing) 

Filial 

Filibuster 

Filiclform 

Fil'igree 

Fill (ed, ing) 

Fillet 

Fillibeg 

Fillip (ed, ing) 

Filly 

Film 

Filose' 

Filler (ed, ing) 

Filth 

Fil'tratE (ed, ing) 

Fil'tration 

Fim'briated 

Fin 

Fi'nal 

Finale 

Finance' 

Financier' 

Finch 

Find (ing), found 

Finding 

FinE (ed, ing), 

"' -'ery 

Fine'spun 

Finesse' 

Fin'ger (ed, ing) 

Finlal 

Finical 

Finikin 

Fi'nis 

Finish (ed, ing) 



Fi'nite 

Finn 

Finned 

Finny 

Fir 

FirE (ed, ing) 

Fire'arms 

Fire'brand 

Fire'brick 

Fire'-damp 

Fire'-fly 

Firelock 

Fire'man 

Fire'-plug 

Fire'side 

Firltin 

Firm 

Fir'mament 

Fir'man 

First 

Firth 

Fis'cal 

Fish (ed, ing) 

Fish'erman 

Fish'ery 

Fish'-hook 

Fish'monger 

Fis'sile 

Fis'sure 

Fist 

Fisticuffs 

Fist'ula 

Fist'ular 

Fist'ulous 

Fit (ted, ting) 

Fit'ness 

Fit'tings 

Five 

Five'-fold 

Fix (ed, ing) 

Fixt'ure 

Fizz (ed, ing) 

Flabby 

Flae'eid 

Flag (gred, ging) 

Flag'ellatE (ed, ing) 

Flag'eolet 

Flagi'tioua 

Flag'on 

Fla'grant 

Flag'-ship 

Flag'-stone 

Flail 

Flake 

Flam'beau 

Flamboy'ant 

FlamE (ed, ing) 

Fla'men 

Flamin'go 

Flange 

Flank (ed, ing) 

Flan'nel 

Flap (ped, ping) 

Flap'-eared ■ 

Flap'jack 

FlarE (ed, ing) 

Flash (ed, ing) 

Flask 

Flat 

Flatlron 

Flatly 

Flatler (ed, ing) 

Flat'ulent 

Flat'wise 

Flaunt (ed, ing) 

Flau'tist 

Flaves'eent 

Fla'vor (ed, ing) 

Flaw 

Flax 

Flay (ed, ing) 

Flea 

Fleam 



334 



SPELLING LIST. 



Fleck (ed, ing) 

Flee'tion 

FledgE (ed, ing) 

Fledge'ling 

Flee (ing), fled 

FleecE (ed, ing) 

Fleet 

Fleet'mg 

Flemish 

Flesh 

Fleshly 

Fleur-de-lis 

Flex (ed, ing) 

Flex'ible 

Flex'or 

Fliek'er (ed, ing) 

Flight 

Flight'iness 

Flight'y 

Flim'sy 

Flinch (ed, ing) 

Fling (ing), flung 

Flint 

Flint-hearted 

Flip-flap 

Flip'pant 

Flip'per 

Flirt (ed, ing) 

Flit (ted, ting) 

Flitch 

Flit'ter-mouse 

Float (ed, ing) 

Floats 

Floc'cose 

Floc'eulent 

Flock (ed, ing) 

Flocks 

Floe 

Flog (ged, ging) 

Flood 

Flood'gate 

Floor (ed, ing) 

Flooring 

Flop (pea, ping) 

Flo'ra 

Flo'ral 

Flores'cence 

Flo'ret 

Flor'iculture 

Flor'id 

Florif'erous 

Flor'in 

Floss 

Floss'-silk 

Flotil'la 

Flot'sam 

Flounce 

Floun'der (ed, ing) 

Flour (ed,ing) 

Flour-dredge 

Flour'ish (ed, ing) 

Flout (ed, ing) 

Flo*v (ed, ing) 

Flow'er (ed, ing) 

Flow'eret 

Flow'eriness 

Fluct'uatE (ed, ing) 

Fluctuation 

Flue 

Flu'ency 

Fluid 

Fluke 

Flum'mery 

Flunk'y 

Flu'or-spar 

Flur'ry 

Flush (ed, ing) 

Flus'ter (ed, ing) 

Flute 

Fiut'ing 

Flut'ter (ed, ing) 

Flu'viatile 

Flux 



Flux'ion 

Fly (ing), flown 

Fly-blown 

Fly'-nshing 

Fly'-leaf 

Fly '--wheel 

Fly'ing-flsh 

Foal (ed, ing) 

Foam (ed, ing) 

Fob 

Fo'cal 

Fo'cus 

Fod'der 

Foe 

Foe'tus 

£°£ 
Fo'gy 

Foi'ble 

Foil (ed, ing) 

Foist (ed, ing) 

Fold (ed, ing) 

Folia'ceous 

Foliage 

Fo'lio 

Folks 

Folklore 

Fol'licle 

Follow (ed, ing) 

Fol'ly 

Foment' (ed, ing) 

Fond 

Fon'dlE (ed, ing) 

Font 

Food 

Fool (ed, ing) 

Fool'hardy 

Fools'cap 

Foot 

Foot'man 

Foot'pad 

Foot'-rule 

Fop 

For 

For'agE (ed, ing) 

Fora'men 

Forasmuch' 

Forbear' (ing), for- 
bore, forborne 

Forbid' (ding), for- 
bidden 

ForeE (ed, ing) 

Force'meat 

For'eeps 

Ford (ed, ing) 

Fore 

ForebodE'(ed, ing) 

Forecast' (ing) 

Fore'east 

Fore'eastle 

ForeclosE' (ed, ing) 

Fore'father 

Fore'flnger 

Fore'foot 

Forego' (ing), fore- 
gone 

Fore'ground 

Fore'head 

For'eign 

Fore'man 

Fore'mast 

Fore'most 

Fore'noon 

Foren'sic 

Foreordain' (ed, ing) 

Fore'runner 

Fore'sail 

Foreshad'ow (ed, ing^ 

Foreshort'en (ed, ing) 

Fore'sight 

Fore'skin 

For'est 

Forestall' (ed, ing) 

For'ester 



For'estry 

Fore'taste 

Foretell' (ing), fore- 
told 

Fore'thought 

Fore'top 

Forev'er 

Fore' warn (ed, ing) 

For'ieit (ed, ing) 

Forfend' (ed, ing) 

ForgE (ed, ing) 

Forget' (ting), for- 
gotten 

ForgivE' (ing), for 
given 

Fork (ed.ing) 

Forlorn' 

Form (ed, ing) 

For'mal 

For'mative 

For'mer 

For'mic 

For'midable 

For'mula 

For'nicatE (ed, ing) 

For'nieator 

ForsakE' (ing), for 
saken 

Forsooth' 

Forswear' (ing), for 
sworn 

Fort 

For'talice 

Forte 

Forth 

Forthcoming 

Forthwith' 

Fortiflca'tion 

Forlify (ing), forti- 
fied 

Forlitude 

Fort'night 

For'tress 

Fortuity 

Fort'unate 

Fort'une 

For'ty 

Fo'rum 

For'ward (ed, ing) 

For'wardness 

Fosse 

Fos'sils 

Fosso'rial 

Fos'ter (ed, ing) 

Fos'ter-child 

Foul (ed, ing) 

Foulard 

Found (ed, ing) 

Found a'tion 

Foun'der (ed, ing) 

Foundling 

Foun'dry 

Fount 

Foun'tain 

Four 

Four'-fold 

Four'-poster 

Four'teen 

Fo'veolated 

Fowl 

Fowling 

Fowling-piece 

Fox 

Fox'glove 

Fra'cas 

Frac'tion 

Frae'tious 

Frae'turE (ed, ing) 

Fragile 

Frag'ment 

Fra'grance 

Fra'gramt 

Frail 



FramE (ed, ing) 

Franc 

Fran'ehise 

Francis'ean 

Fran'gible 

Frank (ed, ing) 

Frankincense 

Fran'tic 

Frater'nal 

Frater'nity 

Frat'ernizE (ed, ing) 

Frat'rieide 

Fraud 

Fraud'ulent 

Fraught 

Fray (ed, ing) 

Freak 

Frec'kle 

Free (ing). freed 

Free'booter 

Freed'man 

Free'dom 

Free'hold 

Free'man 

Free'mason 

Free'masonry 

Free'stone 

Free'thinker 

FreezE (ing), froze 

Freight 

Freight'age 

French 

French -leave 

Fren'zy 

Fre'quency 

Fre'quent 

Frequent' (ed, ing) 

Fres'co 

Fresh 

Fresh'et 

Fresh'man 

Fret (ted, ting) 

Fret'work 

Fri'able 

Fri'ar 

Fri'ary 

Fri'ation 

Frib'blE (ed, ing) 

Fricassee' 

Fric'tion 

Friend 

Friend 'ship 

Frieze 

Frig'ate 

Fright 

Fright'en (ed, ing) 

Frigid 

Frigid zone 

Frigorif'ic 

Frill 

FringE (ed, ing) 

Frip^pery 

Frisk (ed, ing) 

Fris'ket 

Frit 

Frith 

Frit'ter (ed, ing) 

Frivolity" 

Friz (zed, zing) 

Fro 

Frock 

Frog 

Frolic (ked, king) 

From 

Frond 

Frondes'eence 

Front (ed, ing) 

Front'age 

Fron'tier 

Fron'tispiece 

Frontlet 

Frost 

Frost'-bitten 



SPELLING LlSf. 



stt 



froth 
Fro'ward 
Frown (ed, ing) 
Frow'zy 

Frue'tify (ing), fruc- 
tified 
Fru'gal 
Frugiferous 
Frugiv'orous 
Fruit 
Fruit'erer 
Frui'tion 
Frumenta'ceous 
Fru'menty 
Frump 

Frus'tratE (ed.ing) 
Frutes'eent 
Fruticose' 
Fry (ing), fried 
Fu'ehsia 
Fueiv'orous 
Fu'cus 

Fud'dlE (ed, ing) 
Fudge 
Fu'el 

Fuga'eious 
Fugitive 
Fugue 
Ful'erum 
Fulfill' (ed, ing) 
FulfiU'ment 
Ful'geney 
Ful'gent 
Fulig'inous 
Full (ed, ing) 
Full'er 

Full'er's-earth 
Fully 

Ful'minatE (ed, ing) 
Fulmina'tion 
Ful'minatory 
Full'ness 
Ful'some 
Ful'vous 
Fum'blE(ed, ing) 
FumE (ed, ing) 
Fumif'erous 
Fu'migatE (ed, ing) 
Fumiga'tion 
Fun 

Funam'bulist 
Fune'tion 
Functionary 
Fund 

Fundament'al 
Funds 
Fu'neral 
Fune'real 
Fungiv'oroua 
Fun'goid 
Fun'gous 
Fun'gus 
Fun'nel 
Fun'ny 
Fun'ny-bone 
Fur 

Fur'below 
Fur'bish (ed, ing) 
Fu'rious 
Furl (ed,ing) 
Furlong 
Furlough 
Fur'nace 
Fur'nisn (ed, ing) 
Fur'niture 
Fu'ror 
Furo're 
Fur'rier 
Fur'row 

Fur'ther (ed, ing) 
Fur'thermore 
Fur'thest 
Fur'tive 



Fu'ry 


Gang 
Gan'glion 


Gen'erative 


Furze 


Gener'ie 


Fus'eous 


Gan'grene 


Generos'ity 


Fuse (ed, ing) 


Gang'way 
Gan'net 


Gen'erous 


Fusee' 


Gen'esis 


Fu'sible 


Gan'za 


Genet'ie 


Fu'siform 


Gap 


Ge'nial 


Fu'sil 


GapE (ed, ing) 


Ge'nii 


Fu'sion 


Garb 


Gen'ital 


Fuss 


Gar'bage 


Gen'itive 


Fus'sy 


Gar'blE (ed, ing) 


Ge'nius 


Fusfian 


Gar'den 


Geno'ese 


Fu'tile 


Gar'dener 


Genteel' 


Futil'ity 


Garfish 


Gen'tian 


Fu'ture 


Gar'glE (ed, ing) 


Gen'tile 


Futu'rity 
Fuze 


Gar'goyle ' 
Gar'isb 


Gentil'ity 
Gen'tle 


Fy 


Gar'land 


Gen'tleman 




Gar'lie 


Gen'tleness 


G 


Gar'ment 


Gen'tlewoman 


Gab 


Gamer (ed, ing) 


Genuflee'tion 


Gabardine' 


Gar'net 


Gen'uine 


Gab'blE (ed, ing) 


Gar'nish (ed, ing) 


Ge'nus 


Ga'bion 


Gar'niture 


Geoeen'tric 


GaTsle 


Gar'ret 


Geod'esy 


Gad (ded, ding) 


Gar'rison (ed,ing) 


Geog'nosy 


Gad'about 


GarrotE' (ed, ing) 


Geog'rapber 


Gad'fly 


Garru'lity 


Geographical 


Gaelic 


Gar'rulous 


Geog'raphy 
Geolog'ical 


Gaff 


Gar'ter 


Gag (ged, ging) 


Gas 


Geol'ogy 


GagE (ed, ing) 


Gasconade' 


Geomet'rical 


Gai'ety 


Gas'eous 


Geom'etry 


Gaily 


Gash (ed, ing) 


Geon'omy 


Gain (ed, ing) 


Gas'-fitter 


Geora'ma 


Gain'ful 


Gas'-meter 


Gera'nium 


Gainsay' (ing), gain- 


Gasom'eter 


Ger'falcon 


said 


Gasp (ed, ing) 


Germ 


Gait 


Gas'trie 


Ger'man 


Gait'er 


Gastri'tis 


Germane' 


Ga'la 


Gas'trocele 


Ger'minal 


Gala day 


Gastron'omy 


Ger'minatE (ed, ing) 


Gax an tine 


Gate 


Germina'tion 


Gal'axy 


Gath'er (ed, ing) 


Ger 'ry m ander 


Gale 


Gath'ering 


Gesta'tion 


Gale'na 


Gaud'iness 


Gestic'ulatE (ed, ing) 


Gal'iot 


Gau'dy 


Gestieula'tion 


Gall (ed, ing) 


GaugE (ed,ing) 


Gest'urE (ed, ing) 


Gallant 


Gauge'able 


Get (ting), got 


Gallant' 


Gaug'er 


Gew'gaw 


Gal'lantry 
Gall'-bladder 


Gaunt 


Gey'sers 


Gauntlet 


Gbastliness 


Gal'lery 


Gauze 


Ghastly 


Galley 


Gav'ot 


Gher'kin 


Galley-slave 


GawTsy 


Gbost 


Gal'lic 


Gay 


Ghostly 


Gal'licism 


GazE (ed, ing) 


Ghoul 


Gallimau'fry 


Gazelle' 


Gi'ant 


GaJlina'ceous 


Gazette' 


Gi'antess 


Gallipot 


Gazetteer' 


Gib'berish 


Gal'lon 


Gear 


Gib'bet (ed, ing) 


Galloon' 


Gear'ing 


Gib'bous 


Gal'lop (ed, ing) 


Gehen'na 


GibE (ed, ing) 


Gallows 


Gel'atine 


Gib'lets 


Galoehe' 


Gelat'inous 


Gid'diness 


Galoshe' 


Geld (ed, ing) 


Gid'dy 


Galvan'ic 


Gel'id 


Gift 


Gal'vanism 


Gem 


Gift'ed 


Gal'vanizE (ed, ing) 


Gem'ini 


Gig 


Galvanol'ogy 


Gemma'tion 


Gigan'tic 


Galvanom'eter 


Gemmip'arous 


Gig'glE (ed, ing) 


Gam^bit 


Gem'mule 


Gild (ed, ing) 


Gam'blE (ed, ing) 


Gendarme' 


Gill 


Gamboge' 


Gen'der 


Gillyflower 


Gam'bol (ed, ing) 


Geneal'ogist 


Gilt 


Game 


Geneal'ogy 


Gim'erack 


Game'-eock 


Gen'era 


Gim'let 


Game'-keeper 


Gen'eral 


Gimp 


Game'ster 


Generality 


Gin (ned, ning) 


Gam'ing 


Gen'eralizE (ed, ing) 


Gin'ger 


Gam'mon 


Gen'erally 


Gin'gerly 
GingTiam 
Gip'sy 


Gam'ut 


Gen'eratE (ed, ing) 


Gan'der 


Genera'tion 



336 



SPELLING LIST. 



G-iraffe' 

Gir'andole 

Gir'asole 

G-ird (ed, ing) 

Gird'er 

Gir'dle 

Girdling 

Girl 

Girl'hood 

Girl ish 

Girth 

Gist 

GivE(ing),gave,given 

Giz'zard 

Gla'cial 

Glacier 

Glad 

Glad'den (ed, ing) 

Glade 

Glad'iator 

Gladiato'rial 

Glad'some 

Glair 

Glam'our 

GlaneE (ed, ing) 

Gland 

Glan'ders 

Glan'dular 

Glan'dule 

GlarE (ed, ing) 

Glar'eous 

Glar'y 

Glass 

Glass' - Dlower 

Glass'ful 

Glass'y 

Glau'ber's-salt 

Glauco'ma 

Glau'cous 

GlazE (ed, ing) 

Gla'zier 

Glaz'ing 

Gleam (ed, ing) 

Glean (ed.ing) 

Glebe 

Glee 

Glee'ful 

Gleet 

Glen 

Glib 

GlidE (ed.ing) 

Glim'mer 

Glimpse 

Glis'ten (ed, ing) 

Glit'ter (ed, ing) 

Gloam'ing 

Gloat (ed, ing) 

Glo'bate 

Globe 

Glob'ular 

Glob'ule 

Gloom 

Gloom'iness 

Gloom'y 

Glo'rify (ing), glori 

fled 
Glo'rious 

Glo'ry (ing), gloried 
Gloss (ed, ing) 
Glossal'gia 
Gloss'ary 
Glossi'tis 
Glossol'ogy 
Glos'sy 
Glot'tis 
Glove 

Glow (ed, ing) 
Giow'er (ed, ing) 
Glow'worm 
Glu'cose 
Glue 
Glu'ey 
Glum 



Glume 


Gov'ernanoe 


Great 


Glut (ted, ting) 


Gov'erness 


Great'-grand 'child 


Glu'ten 


Government 


Great'-grand'father 


Glu'tinatE (ed, ing) 
Glu'tinous 


Gov'ernor 
Gown 


Great'-grand'mother 

Great'ness 


Glut'ton 


Grab (bed, bing) 


Grebe 


Glut'tony 


GraeE (ed, ing) 


Greed 


Glye'erine 


Graee'ful 


Green 


Glyph'ograph 


Graee'less 


Green'back 


Glyphog raphy 
Gnarled' 


Gra'cious 


Greenhouse 


Grada'tion 


Green'ness 


Gnash (ed, ing) 


Grade 


Green'-room 


l Gnat 


Gra'dient 


Green'-sand 


Gnaw (ed, ing) 


Grad'ual 


Green'sward 


Gneiss 


Grad'ually 


Greet (ed, ing) 


Gnome 


Grad'uatE (ed, ing) 


Grega'rious 


Gno'mon 


Gradua'tion 


Grenade' 


Gnomon'ics 


Graft (ed, ing) 


Grey 


Gnos'tics 


Grail 


Greyliound 
Grid'dle 


Gnu 


Grain (ed, ing) 


Go (ing), gone 


Graminiv'orous 


Gridiron 


Goad (ed, ing) 


Gram'mar 


Grief 


Goal 


Gramma'rian 


Griev'ance 


Goat 


Grammatical 


GrievE (ed, ing) 


Gob'blE (ed, ing) 


Gram 'pus 


Griffin 


Go'-between 


Gran'ary 


Griffon 


Gob'let 


Grand 


Grig 

Grill (ed, ing) 


Gob'lin 


Grand 'child 


God 


Grand'daughter 


Grim 


God'ehild 


Gran'deur 


GrimacE' (ed, ing) 


God'dess 


Grandfather 


Grimal'kin 


God'father 


Grandil'oquenee 


GrimE (ed, ing) 


God'head 


Gran'diose 


Grin (ned, ning) 


God'liness 


Grand'sire 


Grind (ing), ground 


God'ly 


Grange 
Gran'ite 


Grind'er 


God'mother 


Grind'stone 


God'send 


Graniv'orous 


Grip 


God'speed 


Grant (ed, ing) 


GripE (ed, ing) 


Gog'gles 


Grantee' 


Grippe 


Go'ing 


Grantor' 


Grisly 


Goi'ter 


Gran'ular 


Grist 


Gold 


Gran'ulatE (ed, ing) 


Gris'tle 


Gold'-dust 


Granvila'tion 


Gristly 


Gold'flnch 


Gran'ule 


Grit 


Golf 


Grape 


Griz'zle 


Gon'dola 


Grap'ery 


Griz'zly 


Gondolier' 


Grape'shot 


Groan (ed, ing) 


Gon'falon 


Grape'-vine 


Groat 


Gon'fanon 


Graph'ic 


Groats 


Gong 


Graph'ite 


Gro'cer 


Goniom'eter 


Graph'ophone 


Gro'cery 


Goniom'etry 


Grap'nel 


Grog 


Gonorrhoe'a 


Grap'plE (ed, ing) 


Grog'gy 


Good 


Grasp (ed, ing) 


Groin 


Good-bye' 


Grass 


Groom 


Good-day' 


Grass'hopper 


GroovE (ed, ing) 


Good'ly 


Grass' plot 


GropE (ed, ing) 


Good'ness 


GratE (ed, ing) 


Gross 


Goods 


Grate'ful 


Grotesque' 
Ground (ed, ing) 


Goose 


Grat'er 


Goose'berry 


Gratifica'tion 


3-rounds 


Gor'cock 


Grat'ify (ing), grati- 


Ground'work 


Gor'crow 


fied 


Group (ed, ing) 


GorE (ed, ing) 


Gra'ti3 


Grouse 


GorgE (ed, ing) 
Gorgeous 


Grat'itude 


Grout (ed, ing) 


Gratuitous 


Grove 


Gor'gons 


Gratuity 


3-rov'el (ed, ing) 


Gor'mandizE (ed, ing) 


Grave 


3-row (ing), grown 
Growl (ed, ing) 


Go'ry 


Grav'el 


Gos'hawk 


Grav'er 


Grub (bed, bing) 


Gos'ling 


Grave'stone 


GrudgE (ed,ing) 
Gru'el 


Gos'pel 


Grave'yard 
Gravid 


Gos'samer 


Gruff 


Gos'sip (ed, ing) 


3-ravim'eter 


Grum'blE (ed, ing) 


Gos'sipy 


3-ravltatE (ed, ing) 


Gru'mous 


Goth 


3-ravita'tion 


Grum'py 


Gothic 


Gravity 


Grunt 


GougE (ed, ing) 


Gra'vy 


Gualacum 


Gourd 


Gray < 


3-uana'co 


Gour'mand 


Grayling < 
3-razE (ed, ing) 


3-ua'no 


Gout 


3-uarantee' 


Gout'y 


G-reasE (ed, ing) 


3-uar'antor 


Gov'ern (ed, ing-) 


Greaslness < 


3-uard (ed, ing) 



SPELLING LIST. 



33; 



Guar'dian 

Gua'va 

Gud'geon 

Guerrilla 

Gfuess (ed, ing) 

Guest 

Guffaw' 

Guid'anee 

GuidE (ed, ing) 

Guild 

Guile 

Guil'lemot 

Guil'loche 

Guillotine' 

Guilt 

Guin'ea 

Guinea-pig 

Guise 

Gui'tar 

Gu'lar 

Gules 

Gulf 

Gull (ed, ing) 

Gul'let 

Gul'ly 

Gulp (ed, ing) 

Gum (med, ming) 

Gum' boil 

Gump'tion 

Gun 

Gun'nery 

Gun'ny 

Gun'powder 

Gunshot 

Gun'stoek 

Gun'wale 

Gur'glE (ed, ing) 

Gush (ed, ing) 

Gus'set 

Gust 

Gust'atory 

Gus'to 

Gut (ted, ting) 

Gutta-percha 

Gut'ter (ed, ing) 

Gut'tural 

Guy 

Guz'zlE (ed, iug) 

Gymna'sium 

Gym'nast 

Gymnas'tics 

Gymno'tus 

Gyn'arehy 

Gyp'sum 

Gyp'sy 

Gy'ratE (ed, ing) 
Gyr'falcon 
Gy'roseope 
Gyves 



H 

Ha 

Ha'beas eor'pus 

Hab'erdasher 

Habil'iment 

Hab'it 

Hab'itat 

Habit'ual 

Hack (ed.ing) 

Hae'klE (ed, ing) 

Hack'neyed 

Had'doek 

Ha'des 

Haem'orrhage 

Hsem'orx'hoids 

Haft 

Hag 

Hag'gard 

Hag'gis 

Hag'glE (ed, ing) 

Hail (ed, ing) 



Hair 

Hair'breadth 

Hake 

Hal'berd 

Halberdier' 

Hal'cyon 

Hale 

Half 

Half-and-half 

Half-hearted 

Hal'ibut 

Haliog'raphy 

Hall 

Hallelu'jah 

Hal'liard 

Halloo' (ed, ing) 

Hal'low (ed, ing) 

Hallow'een 

Hallucination 

Ha'lo 

Halt(ed, ing) 

Halt'er 

HalvE (ed, ing) 

Halyard 

Ham 

Ham'adryad 

Ham'let 

Ham'mer (ed, ing) 

Ham'mereloth 

Ham'moek 

Ham'per (ed, ing) 

Ham'string (ing) 

hamstrung 
Han'aper 
Hand (ed, ing) 
Hand'breadth 
Hand'cuff (ed, ing) 
Hand-grenade' 
Han'dicap 
Handicraft 
Hand'iwork 
Hand'kerehief 
Han'dlE (ed, ing) 
Hand'maid 
Hand'rail 
Hand'sel 
Hand'some 
Hand'spike 
Handwri'ting 
Hand'y 

Hang (ing), hung 
Hang'er 
Hang'ings 
Hang'man 
Hank 

Hank'er (ed, ing) 
Hap 

Haphaz'ard 
Hap'pen (ed, ing) 
Hap'oiness 
Hap'py 
Harangue' 
Har'ass (ed, ing) 
Har'binger 
Har'bor (ed, ing) 
Hard 

Hard'en (ed, ing) 
Hard'ihood 
Hard'-shell 
Hard'ship 
Hard'ware 
Hard'y 
Hare 

Hare'brained 
Hare'lip 
Ha'rem 
Har'ieot 
Hark 

Har'lequin 
Har'lot 
Harm (ed, ing) 
Harmon'ie 
Harmon'ieon 



Harmon'ies 

Harmo'nious 

Har'monizE (ed, ing) 

Har'mony 

Har'ness 

Harp (ed, ing) 

Harpoon' 

Harp'sichord 

Harp'y 

Har'ridan 

Har'rier 

Har'row (ed, ing) 

Har'ry (ing), harried 

Harsh 

Hart 

HartsTiorn 

Har'vest 

Har'vest-home 

Hash (ed, ing) 

Hasp 

Has'sock 

Haste 

Hast'en (ed, ing) 

Has'ty 

Has'ty-pudding 

Hat 

Hatch (ed, ing) 

Hateh'et 

Hatch'way 

HatE (ed, ing) 

Ha'tred 

Hat'ter 

Hau'berk 

Haugh'ty 

Haul (ed, ing) 

Haunch 

Haunt (ed, ing) 

Haut'boy 

Hauteur' 

HavE (ing), had 

Ha'ven 

Hav'ersack 

Hav'ildar 

Hav'oe 

Haw (ed, ing) 

Hawk (ed, ing) 

Hawk'bill 

Haw'ser 

Haw'thorn 

Hay 

Hay'cock 

Hay'mow 

Hay'riek 

Haz'ard (ed.ing) 

Haze 

Ha'zel 

Ha'zy 

Head (ed, ing) 

Head'ache 

Head'iness 

Head'ing 

Head'land 

Head-piece 

Head'quar'ters 

Heads'man 

Head'strong 

Head'way 

Head'wind 

Head'y 

Heal (ed, ing) 

Health 

Heap (ed, ing) 

Hear (ing), heard 

Hear'say 

Hearse 

Heart 

Heart'burn 

Heart'en (ed, ing) 

Hearth 

Hearth'-stone 

Heart's'-ease 

Heart'-sick 

Hear'ty 



Heat (ed, ing) 

Heath 

Hea'then 

Hea'thendom 

Heath'er 

HeavE (ed, ing) 

Heav'en 

Heave'-offering 

Heaves 

Heav'y 

Hebdom'adal 

Heb'etude 

Hebra'ic 

He'brew 

Hebrid'ian 

Hec'atomb 

Hec'tare 

Hec'tie 

Hec'tor (ed, ing) 

Hed'era 

HedgE (ed, ing) 

Hedge'hog 

Hedge'pig 

Hedg'er 

Heed (ed, ing) 

Heel 

Heel'-tap 

Hegem'ony 

Hegi'ra 

Heifer 

Height 

Height'en (ed, ing) 

Hei'n.ous 

Heir 

Heir'ess 

Heirloom 

Heli'acal 

Hel'ical 

Hel'icoid 

Heliocen'tric 

He'liochrome 

He'liograph 

Heliograph'ic 

Heliol'atry 

Heliom'eter 

Helioscope 

He'liotype 

He'lix 

Hell 

Hel'lebore 

Hellen'ic 

Helm 

Hel'met 

Helmin'thagogue 

Helms'man 

Hel'ot 

Help (ed, ing) 

Hel'ter-skel'ter 

Helve 

Helvet'ic 

Hem (med, ming) 

Hematem'esis 

He'matin 

Hem'atite 

Hematol'ogy 

Hem'icycle 

Hemihe'dral 

Hem'iplegia 

Hemip'tera 

Hemi'sphere 

Kem'istich 

Kem'loek 

Hem'orrhage 

Hem'orrhoids 

Hemp 

Hen 

Hen'bane 

Hence 

Hence'forth 

Hench'man 

Hen'coop 

Hen'na 

Hen'pecked 



338 



SPELLING LIST. 



Hepatic 

Hep'atite 

Hep'taglot 

Kep'tagon 

Hep'tarchy 

Her'ald (ed, ing) 

Her'aldry 

Herb 

Heubiv'ora 

Hereu'lean 

Herd (ed, ing) 

Herds'man 

Here 

Hereby' 

Heredit'ament 

Hereditary 

Hered'ity 

Here'siarch 

Her'esy 

Her'etie 

Her'itable 

Her'itage 

Hermaph'rodite 

Hermeneu'tic 

Hermetically 

Her'mit 

Her'mitage 

Herliia 

Hern'shaw 

He'ro 

Her'oitie 

Her'on 

Her'pes 

Herpetol'ogy 

Her'ring 

Her'ring-bone 

Hers 

Herself* 

Hes'itancy 

Hes'itatE (ed, ing) 

Hespe'rian 

Hest 

Heterocer'cal 

Het'eroclite 

Het'erodox 

Heterog'amous 

Heteroge'neous 

Heteroph'yllous 

Het'man 

Hew (ed, ing) 

Hexadae'tylous 

Hex'ade 

Hex'agon 

Hexalie'dral 

Hexahe'dron 

Hexam'eter 

Hexan'gular 

Hex'apod 

Hex'astieh 

Hia'tus 

Hiber'nal 

Hi'bernatE (ed, ing) 

Hiber'nian 

Hic'eough 

Hiek'ory 

Hidal'go 

HidK dug), hidden 

Hidebound 

Hid'eous 

HiE, hied, hying 

Hi'erarchy 

Hieroglyph'ie 

Hieroglyph'ies 

Hierol'ogy 

Hier'ophant 

Hig'glE (ed, ing) 

Hig'gledy-pig'gledy 

High 

High'-church 

High'-flier 

High.' -flown 

High-hand'ed 

High'land 



High'-pressure 

High'-proof 

High'-road 

High'way 

High'wayman 

Hilar'ity 

HiU 

Hilt 

Himself' 

Hind 

Hin'der (ed, ing) 

Hind'er 

Hind'most 

Hindoo' 

Hindostanee' 

Hin'drance 

HingE (ed, ing) 

Hin'ny 

Hint (ed, ing) 

Hip 

Hip'pish 

Hippoeam'pus 

Hip'podrome 

Hip'pogriff * 

Hippoph'agy 

Hippopotamus 

Hippu'ric 

Hir'eine 

HirE (ed, ing) 

Hire'ling 

Hirsute' 

His 

His'pid 

Hiss (ed, ing) 

Hist 

Histol'ogy 

Histo'rian 

His'tory 

Histrion'ie 

Hit (ting) 

Hitch (ed, ing) 

Hith'er 

Hith'ermost 

Hive J 

Hoar 

Hoard (ed, ing) 

Hoarlrost 

Hoarse 

Hoar'y 

Hoax (ed, ing) 

Hob 

Hob'blE (ed, ing) 

Hobbledehoy 

Hob'by 

Hoblsy-horse 

Hobgob'lin 

Hobliail 

Hob 'nob 

Hock 

Hoek'ey 

Hocus-pocus 

Hod 

Hod'den-gray 

Hodge'-podge 

Hodier'nal 

Hoe 

Hog 

Hog'get 

Hog'pen 

Hogs'head 

Hog'wash 

Hoi'den 

Hoist (ed, ing) 

Hold Cing), held 

Hold'baek 

Hold 'fast 

Hold'ing 

Hole 

Hol'iday 

Hol'land 

Hol'lands 

Hollow (ed, ing) 

Hol'ly 



Hol'lyhoek 
Holm 
Hol'ocaust 
Hol'ograph 
Hol'ster 
Holy 
Holy'day 
Ho'ly rood 
Ho'ly Writ 
Hom'age 
Home 
Homely 
Homeopath'ic 
Homeop'athy 
Home'spun 
Home'stead 
Hom'ieide 
Hom'ily 
Hom'iny 
Homocen'tric 
Homocer'cal 
Homoge'neous 
Homol'ogatE (ed, ing) 
Homol'ogous 
Hom'ologue 
Homomor'phous 
Hom'onym 
Homon'ymous 
Homun'cuhis 
Hone 
Hon'est 
Hon'ey 
Hon'ey-comb 
Hon'ey-combed 
Hon'ey-dew 
Hon'ey moon 
Hon'eysuckle 
Hon'iton 
Hon'or (ed, ing) 
Honora'rium 
Hon'orary 
Hood 

Hoodoo (ed, ing) 
Hood'wink (ed, ing) 
Hoof 

Hoof-bound 
Hook (ed, ing) 
Hoo'kah 
Hook'er 
Hook'y 
Hoop 
Hoop'er 
Hooping-cough 
Hoo'sier 
Hoot (ed, ing) 
Hop (ped, ping) 
Hop'-back 
Hop'-bind 
HopE (ed, ing) 
Hop'per 
Hop'plE (ed, ing) 
Hop'seoteh 
Ho'rary 
Horde 
Horetiound 
Hori'zon 
Horizon'tal 
Horn 

Horn'blende 
Horned'-owl 
Hor'net 
Horn'fish 
Horn'pipe 
Horog'raphy 
Hor'ologe 
Horol'ogy 
Horom'eter 
Hor'oscope 
Horrible 
Hor'rid 

Hor'rify (ing), horri- 
fied 
Hor'ror 



HorsE (ed, ing) 

Horse'-chestnut 

Horse' drench 

Horse'-guards 

Horse'-laugh 

Horse' leech 

Horse'man 

Horse'play 

Horse'-power 

Horse-radish 

Hor'tative 

Horticul'ture 

Hose 

Ho'siery 

Hos'pice 

Hos'pitable 

Hos'pital 

Hospital'ity 

Host 

Host'age 

Hos'telry 

Host'ess 

Hos'tile 

Hos'tler 

Hot 

Hofbed 

Hotel' 

Hofhouse 

Hound (ed, ing) 

Hour 

Hour'i 

House (ed.ing) 

House'breaking 

House'hold 

House'keeper 

House'leek 

House'-warming 

House'wife 

Hov'el 

Hov'er (ed.ing) 

How 

Howbe'it 

How'dah 

Howev'er 

How'itzer 

Howl (ed, ing) 

How'let 

Howsoev'er 

Hoy'den 

Hub'bub 

Huck'aback 

Huck'ster 

Hud'dlE (ed, ing) 

Hudibras'tie 

Hue 

Huff 

Hug (ged, ging) 

Huge 

Hu'guenot 

Hulk 

Hull 

Hullabaloo 

Hum (med, ming) 

Hu'man 

Humane' 

Humanities 

Humanity 

Hum'blE (ed, ing) 

Hum'ble-bee 

Hum'bug (ged, ging) 

Hum'drum 

Hu'merus 

Hu'mid 

Humidity 

HumillatE (ed, ing) 

Hum'ming-bird 

Hum' mock 

Hii'mor (ed, ing) 

Hu'moral 

Hump 

Hump'backed 

Hu'mus 

Hunch 



SPELLING LIST. 



339 



Huneh'back 

Hun'dred 

Hun'dredweight 

Hunga'rian 

Hunger (ed, ing) 

Hun'gry 

Hunk 

Hunks 

Hunt (ed,ing) 

Hunt'ress 

Hunts'nian 

Hur'dle 

Hur'dy-gur'dy 

Hurl (ed, ing) 

Hurly-bur'ly 

Hurrah.' 

Hur'ricane 

Hur'ry (ing), hurried 

Hurt (ing), 

Hur'tlE (ed, ing) 

Hus'band (ed, ing) 

Hus'bandman 

Hus'bandry 

Hush (ed, ing) 

Husk 

Husk'y 

Huss'ite 

Hus'sy 

Hus'tlE (ed, ing) 

Hut 

Hutch 

Huzza' (ed, ing) 

Hy'acmth 

Hy'aline 

Hy'aloid 

Hy'brid 

Hydat'id 

Hy'dra 

Hy'dragogue 

Hydran'gea 

Hy'drant 

Hydrar'gyrum 

Hydraulic-press 

Hydrau'lics 

Hy'drocele 

Hydrocephalus 

Hydrodynam'ics 

Hy'drogen 

Hydrog'raphy 

Hydrol'ogy 

Hy'dromaney 

Hydrom'eter 

Hydrop'athy 

Hydropho'bia 

Hydroph'thaliny 

Hy'droscope 

Hydrostat'ies 

Hydrotho'rax 

Hy'drous 

Hye'mal 

Hye'na 

Hyge'ia 

Hyge'ian 

Hy r giene 

Hygrom'eter 

Hygromet'ric 

Hygrostat'ics 

Hylobate 

Hyloth'eism 

Hy'men 

Hymenop'tera 

Hymn 

Hy'oid 

Hyperaesthe'sia 

Hyper'bola 

Hyper'bole 

Hyperbo'rean 

Hypererit'ie 

Hypercrit'icism 

Hyper' trophy 

Hy'phen 

Hypnol'ogy 

Hyp'notism. 



Hypoehon'driac 


Ille'gal 


Impeach' (ed, ing) 


Hyp'ocrite 


Ille'galizE (ed, ing) 


Impeach 'ment 


Hypos'tasis 


Illegible 


Imt>ec'cable 


Hypoth'ecatE (ed.ing) 


Illegitimate 


Impecu'nious 


Hypotheca'tor 


Illegit'imatizE (ed, 


ImpedE' (ed, ing), 


Hypoth'enuse 


ing) 


Imped iment 


Hypoth'esis 


Ill-fa'vored 


Impel (led, ling) 


Hypsom'eter 


Illib'eral 


Impend' (ed, ing) 


Hy'rax 


Illic'it 


Impen'etrable 


Hy'son 


Illim'itable 


Impen'itence 


Hys'sop 
Hyster'ia 


Illit'erate 


Impen'itent 


IH'ness 


Imper'ative 


Hyster'ies 


Illog'ieal 


Impereep'tible 


Hyster'oeele 


Ill'-starred 


Imper'fect 




Illu'minatE (ed, ing) 


Imperforate 




Illu'minator 


Impe'rial 


I 


Illu'minE (ed, ing) 


Imper'il (led, ling) 




Illu'sion 


Impe'rious 


Iam'bie 


Illu'sive 


Imper'ishable 


ITsex 


Hlus'tratE (ed, ing) 


Imper'meable 


I'bis 


Illustra'tor 


Imper'sonal 


Iea'rian 


Illus'trious 


Imper'sonatE (ed, ing) 


Ice 


Im'agE (ed, ing) 


Imper'tinenee 


Ice'berg 


Im'age^y 


Imper'tinent 


Ice'-cream 


Imag'inE (ed, ing) 
Ima'go 


Impertur'bable 


Ice'-floe 


Imper'vious 


Icelander 


Imaum' 


Impet'igo 


Ieeland'ic 


Im'beeile 


Impet'uous 
Im'petus 


Iehneu'mon 


Imbed' (ded, ding) 


I'chor 


ImbibE' (ed, ing) 


Impi'ety 


Ichthyol'ogy 


Imbit'ter (ed, ing) 


ImpingE' (ed , ing) 
Im'pious 


Iehthyoph'agous 


Im'brieated 


Ichthyosau'rus 


Imbrogl'io 


Imp'ish 


I'eiele 


ImbruE' (ed, ing) 


Implae'able 


I'cily 


ImbrutE' (ed, ing) 


Implant' (ed, ing) 


I'cing 


ImbuE' (ed, ing) 


Im'plement 


I'eon 


Im'itable 


Im'plicatE (ed, ing) 


Icon'oclast 


Im'itatE (ed, ing) 


Implie'it 


Iconog'raphy 


Im'itator 


ImplorE'(ed, ing) 


Ieter'ie 


Immac'ulate 


Imply'ung), implied 


I'cy 


Im'manent 


Impolite' 


Ide'a 


Imman'uel 


Impol'itic 


Ide'al 


Immate'rial 


Import' (ed, ing) 


Ide'alizE (ed, ing) 


Immature' 


Importance 


Idem 


Immatu'rity 


Import'er 


Iden'tieal 


Imme'diate 


Import'unate 


Identification 


Immemo'rial 


ImportunE' (ed, ing) 


Iden'tify (ing), iden 


Immense' 


Importu'nity 


tified 


ImmersE' (ed, ing) 
Immesh' (ed, ing) 


ImposE' (ed, ing) 


Iden'tity 


Impos'ing 


Ideograph'ic 


Im'migrant 


Imposi'tion 


Ideog'raphy 


Im'migratE (ed, ing) 


Impos'sible 
Im'post 


Ides 


Im'minent 


Id'ioey 


Im'miseible 


Impos'tor 


Id'iom 


xmmis'sion 


Impos'ture 


Idiomat'ie 


Immit'igable 
Immob'ile 


Im'potent 


Idiosyn'crasy 


Impound' (ed, ing) 


Id'iot 


Immcd'erate 


Impoverish (ed, ing) 


Idiot'ie 


Immod'est 


Impracticable 


I'dlE (ed, ing) 


Im'molatE (ed, ing) 


Im'precatE (ed, ing) 


I'dol 


Immor'al 


Impreg'nable 


Idol'atry 


Immor'tal 


Impreg'natE (ed, ing) 


FdolizE (ed.ing) 


Immor'talizE (ed, ing) 


Impress' (ed, ing) 


I'dyl 


Immortelle' 


Im'press 


I'dyll 


Immov'able 


Impres'sion 


Idyl'lie 
Ig'neous 


Immu'nity 


Impres'sive 


immui'E' (ed, ing) 


Imprimatur 


Ig'nis fatuus 


Immu'table 


Impri'mis 


IgnitE' (ed, ing) 


Imp 
Im'paet 


Imprint' (ed, ing) 


Igno'ble 


Im'print 


Ignomin'ious 


Impair' (ed, ing) 


Impris'on (ed, ing) 


Ig'nominy 


impale' 


Impris'onm ent 


Ignora'mus 


Impal'pable 


Improb'able 


Ig'noranee 


Impan'el (ed, ing) « 


Impromp'tu 


Ig'norant 


Impar'ity 


Improp'er 


IgnorE' (ed, ing) 


Impart' (ed, ing) 


Impropri'ety 


Igua'na 


Impar'tial 


ImprovE' (ed, ing) 


Il'eum 


Impart'ible 


Improv'ident 


Ilex 


Impass'able 


ImprovisE' (ed, ing) 


Il'iac 


Impas'sible 


Impru'dent 


Il'ium 


Impas'sionable 


Im'pudent 


Ilk 


Impas'sive 


Impugn' (ed, ing) 


HI 


Impa'tient 


Impuis'sance 



340 



SPELLING LIST. 



Im'pulse 

Iinpul'sion 

Impul'sive 

Impu'nity 

Impure' 

ImputE' (ed, ing) 

Inability 

Inacees'sible 

In ae 'curate 

Inae'tion: 

Inae'tive 

Inad'equate 

Inadmissible 

Inadver'tent 

Inal'ienable 

Inamora'ta 

Inamora'to 

Inane' 

Inan'imate 

Inani'tion 

Inanity 

Inappeal'able 

Inapplicable 

Inap'posite 

Inappre'ciable 

Inappro'priate 

Inapt' 

Inarch' (ed, ing) 

Inartic ulate 

Inartifi'cial 

Inasmuch' 

Inatten'tive 

Inau'dible 

Inau'gural 

Inau'guratE (ed, ing) 

In-augura'tion 

Inauspi'cious 

In'born 

In'bred 

In'ca 

IncagE' (ed, ing) 

Incal'culable 

Incandes'cent 

Incanta'tion 

Inca'pable 

Ineapae'itatE (ed, ing 

Incapacity 

Inear^ceratE (ed, ing) 

Incarnate 

Incarna'tion, 

IncasE'(ed,ing) 

Incau'tious 

In'cavated 

Incaved' 

Incen'diarism 

Incen'diary 

In'cense 

IncensE' (ed, ing) 

Incen'tive 

Incep'tion 

Incertitude 

Inces'sant 

In'eest 

Incest'uous 

Inch 

In'choate 

Inch'pin 

In'eidence 

In'eident 

Ineident'al 

Incin'eratE (ed, ing) 

Incipient 

IncisE' (ed, ing) 

Inei'sion 

Inei'sor 

Inei'tant 

IncitE' (ed, ing) 

Incite'ment 

Incivil'ity 

In'elavated 

Inclem'ent 

Inclina'tion 

InclinE' (ed, ing) 



InclosE' (ed, ing) 

Inclo'sure 

IncludE' (ed, ing) 

Inclu'sive 

Incoag'ulable 

Ineoer'cible 

Incog'itable 

Incog'nito 

Incohe'rent 

Ineombus'tible 

In'eome 

Incommens'urable 

Ineommens'urate 

Incommis'cible 

IneommodE' (ed, ing) 

Incommu'nieable 

Ineommut'able 

Ineom'parable 

Ineompat'ible 

Incom'petent 

Incomplete' 

Incomplex' 

Incompli'able 

Ineomprehen'sible 

Incompres'sible 

Incomput'able 

Inconeeiv'able 

Inconclu'sive 

Inconcus'sible 

Incongruity 

Ineon'sequent 

Inconsequen'tial 

Inconsid'erable 

Ineonsid'erate 

Inconsist'ent 

Inconsol'able 

Ineon'sonance 

Inconspic'uous 

Incon'stant 

Inconsum'able 

Incontestable 

Incon'tinence 

Incon'tinency 

Incon'tinent 

Incontrovertible 

Inconve'niencE (ed, 

ing) 
Inconve'nient 
Inconvertible 
Ineor'poratE (ed, ing) 
Incorpora'tion 
Incorpo'real 
Incorrect' 
Incorrigible 
Incorrodible 
Incorrupt' 
Incorrup'tible 
Incras'satE (ed, ing) 
IncreasE' (ed, ing) 
In'crease 
Incredible 
In'crement 
Incres'eent 
InerimlnatE (ed, ing) 
Incrust' (ed, ing) 
Inerusta'tion 
In'cubatE (ed, ing) 
In'cubator 
In'cubus 

Incul'catE (ed, ing) 
Incul'patE (ed, ing) 
Incum'bent 
Incumber (ed, ing) 
Incum'brance 
Incur 7 (red, ring) 
Inculpable 
Incur'sion 
Incur'sive 
IncurvE' (ed, ing) 
Indeb'ted 
Inde'eent 
Indeei'sion 
Indeelin'able ' 



Indec'orous 

Indeco'rum 

Indefatigable 

Indefea'sible 

Indefen'sible 

Indefinable 

Indefinite 

Indelible 

Indelicate 

Indem'nify (ing), in 

demnified 
Indem'nity 
Indemon'strable 
Indent' (ed,ing) 
Indent'urE (ed, ing) 
Independence 
Independent 
Indescrib'able 
Indestruc'tible 
Indeter'minable 
Indetei^'minate 
In'dex 
India ink 
In 'di am an 
In'dian 
Indian-corn 
India rub'ber 
In'dicatE (ed, ing) 
Indicative 
In'dicator 
In'dices 
Indict' (od, ing) 
Indiet'able 
Indic'tion 
Indict'ment 
Indifferent 
In'digence 
In'digene 
Indig'enous 
In'digent 
Indiges'tion 
Indig nant) 
Indigna'tion 
Indig'nity 
In'digo 
Indirect' 
Indiscreet' 
Indiscrete' 
Indiscre'tion 
Indiscriminate 
Indispen'sable 
Indisposed' 
Indisposi'tion 
Indispu'table 
Indissolubil'ity 
Indissolv'able 
Indistinct' 
Indistinguishable 
InditE' (ed, ing) 
Individ'ual 
Individuality 
Individ'ualizE (ed. 

ing) 
Individ'ually 
Indivisible 
Indo'cile 

Indoc'trinatE (ed.ing) 
In'dolent 
Indomitable 
In'door 

IndorsE' (ed, ing) 
Indorsee' 
Indorse ment 
Indubitable 
IndueE'(ed, ing) 
Induce'ment 
Induct' (ed, ing) 
Induc'tion 
Indue'tive 
InduE' (ed, ing) 
IndulgE' (ed, ing) 
Indulgence 
In'duratE (ed, ing) 



Indus'trial 

In'dustry 

Ine'briant 

IneltriatE (ed, ing) 

Inebri'ety 

Inedlted 

Ineffable 

Inefface'able 

Ineffective 

Ineffeet'ual 

Ineffica'cious 

Ineffleacy 

Inefficient 

Inelas'tic 

Inel'egant 

Ineligible 

Inepf 

Inequality 

Ineq'ui table 

Ineradicable 

Inert' 

Iner'tia 

Ines'timable 

Ineva'sible 

Inevitable 

Inexact' 

Inexcu'sable 

Inexha'lable 

Inexhaus'tible 

Inexist'ent 

Inex'orable 

Inexpe'dient 

Inexpensive 

Inexpe'rienee 

Inexpert' 

Inex'piable 

Inex'plicable 

Inexplo Table 

Inexpres'sible 

Inextin'guishable 

Inextir'pable 

Inex'tricable 

Infallibility 

Infallible 

In'famous 

In'famy 

In'fancy 

In 'f ant 

Infan'ticide 

In'fantile 

In'fantry 

Infat'uatE (ed, ing) 

Infatua'tion 

Infea'sible 

Infect' (ed, ing) 

Infec'tion 

Infec'tious 

Infective 

Infe'eund 

Infelicitous 

Unfer' (red, ring) 

'In'ference 

Infe'rior 

Inferiority 

Infer'nal 

Infer'rible 

Infest' (ed, ing) 

In'ndel 

Infidelity 

Infil'tratE (ed, ing) 

In'finite 

Infinitesimal 

Infinitude 

Infinity 

Infirm' 

Infirm'ary 

Infirmity 

InflamE'(ed.ing) 

Inflam'mable 

Inflamma'tion 

Infiam'matory 

InflatE' (ed, ing) 

Infleet' (ed, ing) 



SPELLING LIST. 



341 



Inflection 

Inflexible 

Inflict' (ed, ing) 

Inflic'tion 

Inflores'eence 

In'fluencE (ed, ing) 

Influential 

Influen'za 

In'flux 

Infold' (ed, ing) 

Inform' (ed , ing) 

Infor'nial 

Informality 

Inform'ant 

Information 

In'fra 

Infrae'tion 

Infran'gible 

Infre'quent 

InfringE' (ed, ing) 

Infringe'ment 

Infrugiferous 

Infu'riatE (ed, ing) 

InfusE' (ed, ing) 

Infu'sion 

Infuso'ria 

Ingel'able 

Ingen'ious 

Ingenuity 

Ingen'uous 

Inglo'rious 

In'got 

Ingraft' (ed, ing) 

Ingrain' (ed, ing) 

In'grate 

Ingra'tiatE (ed, ing) 

Ingrat'itude 

Ingre'dient 

In'gress 

Ingulf (ed, ing) 

Ingur'gitatE (ed, ing) 

Inhabit (ed, ing) 

Inhab'itable 

Inhabitant 

InlialE'(ed, ing) 

Inharmon'ic 

InlierE' (ed, ing) 

Iiihe'renee 

Inher'it (ed, ing) 

Inheritance 

Inher'itor 

Inhe'sion 

Inhib'it (ed, ing) 

Inhos'pitable 

Inhulnan 

Inhuma'tion 

InhumE' (ed, ing) 

Inim'ieal 

Inim'itable 

Iniq'uity 

Ini'tial 

Ini'tiatE (ed, ing) 

Initia'tion 

Initiative 

Inject' (ed, ing) 

Injec'tion 

Injudi'eious 

Injune'tion 

In'jurE (ed, ing) 

In'jury 

Injustice 

Ink 

Ink'-fish 

Ink'iiorn 

Ink'ling 

Ink'stand 

InlacE' (ed, ing) 

In'land 

Inlay' (ing), inlaid 

Inlay'ing 

In'lot 

Inloek' (ed, ing) 

In'mate 



Iiv'most 

Inn 

Innate' 

In'ner 

in'nermost 

Inn'ing 

In'noeence 

In'nocent 

Innoc'uous 

Innom'inate 

In'novatE (ed, ing) 

In'novator 

Innox'ious 

Innuen'do 

Innu'merable 

Innutri'tion 

Inobserv'ance 

Inoe'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Ino'dorous 

Inoffen'sive 

Inop'erative 

Inopportune' 

Inoppres'sive 

Inor'dinate 

Inorgan'ie 

Inos'cuiatE (ed, ing) 

In'quest 

Inqui'etude 

InquirE' (ed, ing) 

Inqui'ry 

lnquisi'tion 

Inquis'itive 

Inquis'itor 

In'road 

Insaliva'tion 

Insalu'brious 

Insane' 

Insanity 

Insa'tiable 

Insa'tiate 

InseribE' (ed, ing) 

Inscription 

Inscroll' (ed, ing) 

Inscru'table 

In'sect 

Insec'tion 

Insectiv'ora 

Insecu'rity 

Insen'sate 

Insen'sible 

Insep'arable 

Insert' (ed, ing) 

In'set 

In'sid.e 

Insid'ious 

In'sight 

Insig'nia 

Insignificance 

Insignificant 

Insincer'ity 

Insin'uatE (ed, ing) 

Insin'uator 

Insip'id 

Insist' (ed, ing) 

Insi'tion 

InsnarE' (ed, ing) 

Insobri'ety 

In'solatE (ed, ing) 

Insola'tion 

In'solence 

insolid'ity 

Insol'uble 

Ineol'vable 

Insol'vent 

Insom'nia 

Insomuch' 

Insouciance' 

Inspect' (ed, ing) 

Inspection 

Inspec'tor 

InspirE' (ed, ing) 

Iuspir'it (ed, ing) 

Insta'ble 



Install' (ed, ing) 

Installation 

Install'ment 

In'staneE (ed, ing) 

In'stant 

Instanta'neous 

Instan'ter 

InstatE' (ed, ing) 

Instead' 

In'step 

In'stigatE (ed, ing) 

Instigation 

In'stigator 

Instill' (ed,ing) 

In'stinct 

In'stitutE (ed, ing) 

In'stitutes 

Institu'tion 

In'stitutor 

Instruct' (ed, ing) 

Instruc'tion 

Instrue'tor 

In'strument 

Instrumen'tal 

Ins tr um en'talist 

Insubor'dinate 

Insubordina'tion 

Insufferable 

Insuffi'ciency 

Insufflation 

In'sular 

In'sulatE (ed, ing) 

Insula'tor 

In'sult 

Insult' (ed, ing) 

Insu'perable 

Insupport'able 

Insur'able 

Insur'ance 

InsurE' (ed, ing) 

Insur'gent 

Insurmoun fable 

Insurree'tion 

Insuscep'tible 

Intact' 

Intagl'iated 

Intagl'io 

Intan'gible 

Integer 

In'tegral 

Integrant 

In'tegratE (ed, ing) 

Integ'rity 

Integ'ument 

Intellect 

Intellecfual 

Intel'ligence 

Intel'ligible 

Intem'perate 

Intend' (ed, ing) 

Intend'ed 

Intense' 

Inten'sify (ing),inten- 

sifled 
Inten'sity 
Intent' 
Intention 
Inter' (red, ring) 
In'ter 

IntercedE' (ed, ing) 
Intercellular 
Intercept' (ed, ing) 
Interces'sion 
Interces'sor 
InterehangE' (ed, ing) 
Interchangeable 
Intercolo'nial 
Intercommun'ion 
Intercos'tal 
Intercourse 
Intercuta'neous 
Interdict' (ed, ing) 
Interdict 



Interdiction 

Interest (ed, ing) 

InterferE' (ed, ing) 

Interference 

Interfused' 

In'terim 

Inte'rior 

Interject' (ed, ing) 

Interjection 

Interjunetion 

Interknif (ted, ting) 

InterlaeE' (ed, ing) 

Interlard' (ed, ing) 

Interlay' (ing), inter- 
laid 

InterleavE' (ed, ing) 

Interims' (ed, ing) 

Interlineation 

Interlink' (ed, ing) 

Interlock' (ed, ing) 

Interlocution 

Interloc'utor 

InterlopE' (ed, ing) 

Interlude 

Intermar'ry (ing), in- 
termarried 

Intermaxillary 

Interme'diary 

Interme'diate 

Interme'dium 

Inter'ment 

Inter'minable 

Intermin'glE (ed, ing) 

Intermis'sion 

Intermit' (ted, ting) 

Intermittent 

Intermix' (ed, ing) 

Intermixture 

Intermu'ral 

Inter'nal 

International 

Interne'cine 

Internode 

interoeean'ie 

Inter'polatE (ed, ing) 

Interpolation 

InterposE' (ed, ing) 

Inter'pret (ed, ing) 

Interpretation 

mter'preter 

Interreg'num 

Inter'rogatE (ed, ing) 

Interrogation 

Interrogator 

Interrupt' (ed, ing) 

Interruption 

Interscapular 

Intersect' (ed, ing) 

Intersection 

Interspace 

InterspersE' (ed, ing) 

Interstellar 

Inter'stice 

Intertan'glE (ed, ing) 

IntertwinE' (ed, ing) 

Interval 

IntervenE' (ed, ing) 

Intervention 

Inter v er'tebr al 

Interview (ed, ing) 

InterweavE' (ed, ing) 

Intestacy 

Intestate 

Intestinal 

Intestine 

Intimacy 

IntimatE (ed, ing) 

Intimation 

Intim'idatE (ed, ing) 

In'to 

Intolerable 

Intolerance 

IntonatE (ed, ing) 



342 



SPELLING LIST. 



Intona'tion 


In vulnerable 


Isomor'phous 


Jer'sey 


IntoiiE' (ed, ing) 
Intox'ieatE (ed, ing) 


In'ward 


Ison'omy 


Jes'samine 


In'wards 


Isos'celes 


Jest (ed, ing) 


Intoxiea'tion 


InweavE' (ing), in- 


Isother'mal 


Jest'er 


Intrae'table 


woven, inweaved 


Israelite 


Jes'uit 


Intrac'tile 


Inwrap' (ped, ping) 


Is'suable 


Jet 


Intran'sitive 


Inwrought' 


Is'suE (ed, ing) 


Jet'sam 


Intransmis'sible 


I'odine 


Isth'mus 


Jet'ty 


Intrench' (ed, ing) 


Ion'ie 


Italian 


Jew'el (ed, ing> 


Intreneh'ment 


Io'ta 


ItalleizE (ed, ing) 


Jew'eler 


Intrep'id 


IpecacuanTia 


Italics 


Jew'elry 


Intrepidity 


Iras'eible 


Itch (ed, ing) 


Jew's'-harp 


In'tricate 


I'rate 


I'tem 


Jez'ebel 


IntriguE' (ed, ing) 


Ire 


It'eratE (ed, ing) 


Jib 


Intrin'sic 


Irides'cent 


Itin'eraney 


JibE (ed, ing) 


Intrin'sically 


I'ris 


Itin'erary 


Jiffy 


Introees'sion 


Iri'tis 


Itself 


Jig 


IntroducE' (ed, ing) 


Irk'some 


I'vied 


Jig'gmg 

Sfi jog 


Introdue'tion 


Ir'on (ed, ing) 


I'vory 


Introduc'tory 


Ir'onelad 


I'vory-nut 


Intromit' (ted, ting) 


Iron'ical 


I'vy 


Jilt (ed, ing) 


Introspect' (ed ing) 


Ir'ons 




Jim'my 


Introspec'tion 


I'ronsides 


J 


Jin'glE (ed, ing) 


Introver'sion 


I'ron wood 


Job (bed, bing) 


Introvert' (ed, ing) 


I'rony 




Joba'tion 


IntrudE' (ed, ing) 


Irra'diatE (ed, ing) 


Jablaer (ed, ing) 


Job'ber 


Intru'sion 


Irrational 


Jack 


Jock'ey (ing), jockied 
Jocose' 


Intru'sive 


Irreelaim'able 


Jack'al 


Intrust' (ed, ing) 


Irreeoncil'able 


Jack'anapes 


Joc'ular 


Intui'tion 


Irrecov'erable 


Jack 'ass 


Joc'und 


Intu'itive 


Irredeemable 


Jack'boots 


Jog (ged, ging) 


IntumescE' (ed, ing) 


Irredu'cible 


Jack'et 


Jog'trot 


Inunction 


Irrefragable 


Jack' knife 


Join (ed, ing) 


Inun'datE (ed, ing) 


Irrefut'able 


Jack' pudding 


Join'der 


InurE' (ed, ing) 


Irreg'ular 


Jac'obin 


Join'er 


Inurn' (ed, ing) 


Irreject'able 


Jac'obite 


Joint 


Inutil'ity 


Irrel'evant 


Jac'onet 


Joint'stock 


InvadE' (ec! , ing) 


Irreliev'able 


JadE (ed. ing) 


Joint 'ure 


Inval'id 


Irrelig'ion 


Jag (ged, ging) 


Joist 


In'valid 


Irrelig'ious 


Jag'gery 


JokE (ed, ing) 


Inval'idatE (ed, ing) 


Irreme'diable 


Jag'uar • 
Jah 


Jollification 


Inval'uable 


Irremov'able 


Jolly 


Inva'riable 


Irrep'arable 


Jail 


Jol'ly boat 


Inva'sion 


irrepeal'able 


Jail' bird 


Jolt (ed, ing) 


Invec'tive 


"rreplev'iable 


Jal'ap 


Jon'quil 


Inveigh' (ed, ing) 
IavefglE (ed, ing) 


Irrepress'ible 


Jam (med, ming) 


Jo'rum 


Ii'reproaeh'able 


Jamb 


Joss' house 


Invent' (ed, ing) 


Irreprov'able 


Jan'glE (ed, ing) 


Joss' stick 


Inven'tion 


Irresist'ible 


Janitor 


Jos'tlE (ed, ing) 


Invent' or 


Irres'olute 


Ja'nus 


Jot (ted, ting) 


In'ventory 


Irresol'vable 


Japan' (ued, ning) 


Jot'ting 


Inverse' 


Irrespective 


Japanese' 


Jour'nal 


Inver'sion 


Irrespon'sible 


Jar (red, ring) 


Jour'nalist 


Invert' (ed, ing) 


Irrespon'sive 


Jar'gon 


Jour'ney (ed, ing) 


Invertebrate 


Irretriev'able 


Jargonelle' 
Jaslnine 


Jour'neyman 


Invest' (ed, ing) 


Irreverence 


Joust 


Inves'tigatE (ed, ing) 


Irreversible 


Jas'per 


Jo'vial 


Investigation 


Irrevocable 


Jaun'diee 


Jowl 


Investiga'tor 


Ir'rigatE (ed, ing) 


Jaun'diced 


Jowl'er 


Inves'titure 


Irrigation 


Jaunt 


Joy 


Invest'ment 


Ir'ritable 


Jauntlness 


Joy'ful . 


Invest'or 


Ir'ritant 


Jaunting-car 


Ju'bilant 


Invet'eraey 


IrlitatE (ed, ing) 


Jaunt'y 


Jubila'tion 


Invid'ious 


Irrita'tion 


Javanese' 


Jubilee 


Invig'oratE (ed, ing) 


Irrup'tion 


Jave'lin 


Ju'daism 


Invin'cible 


Isagog'ical 


Jaw (ed, ing) 


Ju'daizE (ed, ing) 


Invi'olable 


I'sagon 


Jay 


JudgE (ed, ing) 


Inviolabil'ity 


I'singlass 


Jeal'ous 


Judge'ship 


Invi'olate 


Islamism 


Jeal'ousy 


Judg'ment 


Invisibility 


Isl'and 


Jean 


Ju'dicable 


Invisible 


Isl'ander 


Jeer (ed, ing) 


Ju'dicature 


Invitation 


Isle 


Jeho'vah 


Judi'cial 


InvitE' (ed, ing) 


Isl'et 


Jejune' 
Jelly 


Judi'eiary 


Inviting 
Invitrifi'able 


Isobaromet'ric 


Judi'cious 


I'sobars 


Jen'net 


Jug (ged, ging) 
Ju'gated 


In'vocatE (ed, ing) 


Isochromat'ic 


Jen'ny 


Invoca'tion 


Isoch'ronism 


Jeop'ardizE (ed, ing) 


Jug'gernaut 


In'voiee 


Isocli'nal 


Jeop'ardy 
Jer'boa 


Jug'glE (ed, ing) 


InvokE' (ed, ing) 


Isodynam'ic 


Jug'gler 
Ju'gular 


Involun'tary 


Is'olatE (ed, ing) 


Jeremi'ad 


In'volute 


Isolation 


Jerk (ed, ing) 


Juice 


Involu'tion 


Isomeric 


Jerked-beef 


Jui'ey 
Ju'jube 


InvolvE' (ed, ing) 


Isomet'rical 


Jer'kin 



SPELLING LIST. 



343 



Julep 


Kiln 


Labo'rious 


Lanig'erous 


Jum'blE (ed, ing) 


Kiln'-dried 


La'borer 


Lank 


Jump (ed, ing) 


Kil'ogramme 
Kil'oliter 


La'brum 


Lan'neret 


Jump'er 


Labur'num 


Lan'squenet 


Junc'tion 


Kil'ometer 


Lab'yrinth 


Lan'tern 


June'ture 


Kilt 


Lac 


Lantern-jawed 


Jun'gle 


Kim'bo 


LacE (ed, ing) 


Lan'thorn 


Jun'ior 


Kin 


Lae'eratE (ed, ing) 


Lanu'ginous 


Ju'niper 


Kind 


Lacer'tian 


Lanyard 


Junk 


Kin'dergarten 


Lash'es 


Lap (ped, ping) 
Lapel' 


Junk'et (ed, ing) 


Kin'dlE (ed, ing) 


Lach'rymal 


Jun'ta 


Kindliness 


Lachryma'tion 


Lap'idary 


Jun'to 


Kind'ness 


Laeh'rymose 


Lapis- lazuli 


Ju'piter 


Kin'dred 


Lacin'iated 


LapsE (ed, ing) 


Jurid'ical 


Kine 


Lack (ed, ing) 


Lapsus linguae 


Jurisdic'tion 


King 


Lackadai'sieal 


L^p'wing 
Lar'board 


Jurisprudence 


King'craft 


Lackaday' 


Ju'rist 


King'cup 


Lack'ey 


Lar'ceny 


Ju'ror 


King'dom 


Lacon'ie 


Larch 


Ju'ry 


King 'fisher 


Lacq'uer 


Lard 


Ju'ry mast 


King's-e'vil 


Lacta'tion 


Lar'der 


Just 


King'ship 


Lac'teal 


Large 
Lajrgess 


Jus'tiee 


Kink 


Lac'tic 


Justifiable 


Kin'kajou 


Lactom'eter 


Lariat 


Justification 


Kins 'folk 


Lacu'na 


Lark (ed, ing) 


Jus'tify (ing), justi- 


Kins'man 


Laeunose' 


Lark'spur 


fied 


Kins'woman 


Lacus'trine 


Lar'va 


Just'ness 


Kiosk' 


Lad 


La,ryn'geal 


Jut (ted, ting) 


Kip'skin 


Lad'der 


Laryngi'tis 


Jute 


Kir'tle 


LadE (ing), laded, 


Laryngot'omy 


Juvenes'cence 


Kiss (ed, ing) 


laden 


Lar'ynx 


Ju'venile 


Kit 


Lad'ing 


Laseiv'ious 


Juxtaposition 


Kitch'en 


La'dle 


Lash (ed, ing) 




Kite 


La'dy 


Lass 




Kith 


Lag (ged, ging) 
La'ger-beer 


Las'situde 


K 


Kit 'ten 


Las'so 




Kit'tiwake 


Lag'gard 


Last (ed, ing) 


Kail 


Kleptoma'nia 


Lagoon' 
La'ic 


Lat'akia 


Kai'ser 


Knack 


Latch (ed, ing) 


Kale 


Knag 


Lair 


Lateh'et 


Kalei'doscope 


Knap 'sack 


Laird 


Lateh'key 


Ka'li 


Knarl'ed 


La'ity 


Late 


Kangaroo' 


Knave 


Lake 


Lateen'-sail 


Ka'olin 


Knav'ery 


Lalla'tion 


La'tent 


Kedge 


Knead (ed, ing) 


La'ma 


Lat'eral 


Keel 


Knee 


Lamb 


Lath 


Keel'ing 


Kneel (ing), kneeled, 


Lam'bent 


Lathe 


Keen 


knelt 


Lamb'km 


Lath'er (ed, ing) 


Keep (ing), kept 


Knee'eap 


LamE (ed, ing) 


Lat'in 


Keep'ing 

Keep'sake 

Keg 

Kelp 

Kel'py 

Kel'tic 


Knell 


Lamel'la 


Lat'inizE (ed, ing) 


Knickerbockers 


Lament' (ed, ing) 


Lat'itude 


Kniek'knaek 


Lamenta'tion 


Latitudina'rian 


Knife 


Lam'ina 


Lat'ten 


Knight (ed, insr) 


Lamina'ted 


Lat'ter 


Knight-er'rant 


Lam'mas 


Lat'ticE (ed, ing) 


Ken 


Knight'hood 
Knit (ting), knitted 


Lam'mergeier 


Laud (ed, ing) 


Ken'nel 


Lamp 


Laud'anum 


Ker'chief 


Knob 


Lamp'blaek 


Lauda'tor 


Ker'mes 


Knock (ed, ing) 
Knoek'-kneed 


Lampoon' (ed, ing) 
Lam'prey 


Laugh (ed, ing) 


Kerned 


Laugh'ing-gas 


Ker'nel 


Knoll 


La'nated 


Laugh'ing-stock 


Ker'osene 


Knot (ted, ting) 


LaneE (ed,ing) 


Laugh'ter 


Ker'sey 


Knout (ed, ing) 


Lan'ceolate 


Launch (ed, ing) 


Ker'seymere 


Know (ing), known 


Lan'cer 


Laun'dress 


Kes'trel 


Knowl'edge 


Lan'cet 


Laun'dry 


Xeteh'up 


Knue'klE (ed, ing) 


Land (ed, ing) 


Lau'reate 


Ket'tle 


Kohl'-rabi 


Landau' 


Lau'rel 


Ket'tledrum 


Ko'peek 


Land'grave 


Laus Deo 


Kev'el 


Koran' 


-Land'mg 


La'va 


Key 


Kra'al 


Land'lady 


Lav'atory 


Key'-board 


Kra'ken 


Land'lock (ed, ing) 


LavE (ed, ing) 


Key '-note 


Kroo'men 


Landlord 


Lavender 


Key'stone 


Kyr'ie elei'son 


Land'scape 


La'ver 


Khan 




Land slide 


Lav'ish (ed, ing) 


Kibit'ka 




Lands'man 


Law 


Kick (ed, ing) 


L 


Land'ward 


Law'ful 


Kid 


La 


Land'wehr 


Law'giver 


Kid'derminster 


Labefac'tion 


Lane 


Lawn. 


Kid'nap (ed, ing) 


La'bel 


Lang-syne' 
Lan'guage 


Lawn-ten'nis 


Kid'neys 


La'bial 


Law'suit 


Kil'derkin 


La'biate 


Lan'guid 


Law'yer 


Kill (ed, ing) 


La'bor (ed, ing) 


Lan'guish (ed, ing) 


Lax 


Kil'low 


Lab'oratory 


Lan'guor 


Lax'ative 



344 



SPELLING LIST. 



Lay (ing), laid 

Lay'er 

Lay 'man 

La'zar 

Lazaret'to 

Laz'ulite 

La'zy 

Lazzaro'ni 

Lea 

Lead (ing), led 

Leads'man 

Leaf 

Leafage 

Leafy 

LeaguE (ed, ing) 

Leak 

Leak'age 

Leak'y 

Leal 

Lean (ed, ing) 

Lean'-to 

Leap (ed, ing) 

Leap'-frog 

Leap'-year 

Learn (ed, ing) 

LeasE (etl, ing) 

Lease'hold 

Leaseholder 

Leash 

Least 

Least'ways 

Least'wise 

Leath'er 

LeavE (ing), left 

Leav'en (ed, ing) 

Leeh'ery 

Lec'turE (ed, ing) 

Ledge 

Ledg'er 

Ledg'er-line 

Lee 

Leech 

Leek 

Leer (ed, ing) 

Lees 

Lee'-shore 

Lee'ward 

Lee'way 

Left 

Left-handed 

Leg 

Leg'acy 

Le'gal 

Le'galizE (ed, ing) 

Leg'ate 

Legatee' 

Lega'tion 

Leg'-bail 

Legend 

Legerdemain' 

L^g'ging 

Legible 

Le'gion 

Leg'islatE (ed, ing) 

Legislation 

Legislator 

Legislature 

Legist 

Legit'imacy 

Legit'imate 

Legit'imist 

Leg'ume 

Lei'sure 

Lem'on 

Lemonade' 

Le'mur 

Lend (ing), lent 

Length 

Length'en (ed, ing) 

Length'y 

Le'nient 

Len'itive 

Len'ity 



Lens 

Lent 

Lent'en 

Lentic'ular 

Lentig'inous 

Lentfgo 

Len'til 

Le'onine 

Leop'ard 

Lep'er 

Lepidop'tera 

Lep'rosy 

Lep'rous 

Le'sion 

Less 

Lessee' 

Les'sen (ed, ing) 

Les'son 

Lessor' 

Lest 

Let (ting) 

Le'thal 

Leth'argy 

Le'the 

Let'ter 

Let'tered 

Let'terpress 

Let'tuce 

Levant' 

Lev'ee 

Lev'el (ed, ing) 

Le'ver 

j-iev'erage 

Lev'eret 

Lev'iable 

Levi'athan 

Levita'tion 

Le'vite 

Lev'ity 

Lev'y (ing), levied 

Lewd 

Lew'is 

Lexicog'raphy 

Lexicol'ogy 

Lexicon 

Lexig'raphy 

Leydenjar 

Li'able 

Liai'son 

Li'ar 

Liba'tion 

Li'bel (ed, ing) 

Li'beller 

Li'ber 

Lib'eral 

Lib'eratE (ed, ing) 

Lib'erator 

Lib'ertine 

Lib'erty 

Libid'inist 

Li'bra 

Libra'rian 

Library 

Libret'to 

Lice 

Li'censE (ed, ing) 

Licensee' 

Licen'tiate 

Licen'tious 

Lich'en 

Lic'it 

Lick (ed, ing) 

Lick'-spittle 

Lic'orice 

Lic'tor 

Lid 

LiE, lied, lying 

Lief 

Liege 

Li'en 

Lieu 

Lieuten'ant 

Life 



Life'-boat 
Life'guard 

Lifeless 

Life'-preserver 

Lift (ed, ing) 

Lig'ament 

Lig'ature 

Light (ed, ing) 

Light'en (ed, ing) 

Light'er 

Light'erman 

Light'-headed 

Light'-hearted 

Light'house 

Light'ness 

Light'ning 

Lights 

Light'some 

Lig'neous 

Ligniferous 

Lig'niform 

Lig'nify (ing), ligni 
fled 

Lig'nite 

Lignum-vitae 

LikE (ed, ing) 

Likelihood 

Likely 

Lik'en (ed, ing) 

Like'ness 

Lilac 

Lilia'ceae 

Lilipu'tian 

Lilt (ed, ing) 

Lil'y 

Limb 

Lim'ber (ed, ing) 

Lim'bo 

LimE (ed, ing) 

Lime' kiln 

Limit (ed, ing) 

Limn (ed, ing) 

Lim'ner 

Lim'onite 

Limo'sis 

Li'mous 

Limp (ed, ing) 

Lim'pet 

Lim'pid 

Lim'y 

Linch'pin 

Lin'den 

LinE (ed, ing) 

Lin'eage 

Lin'eament 

Lin'ear 

Linea'tion 

Lin'en 

Lin'ger (ed, ing) 

Lin'gual 

Lin'guist 

Lin'gulate 

Liniment 

Lining 

Link (ed, ing) 

Lin'net 

Linoleum 

Lin'seed 

Lin'seed-oil 

Lin'sey-woolsey 

Lin'stock 

Lint 

Lin'tel 

Li'on 

Li'oness 

Li'onizE (ed, ing) 

Lip 

Lip'ogram 

Liq'uefler 

Lio/uefy (ing), lique- 
fied 

Liqueur' 

Liq'uid 



Liq'uidatE (ed, ing) 

Liquida'tion 

Liquida'tor 

Liq'uor 

Lisp (ed, ing) 

Lis 7 som 

List (ed, ing) 

Lis' ten (ed, ing) 

List'ing 

Listless 

Lit'any 

Literal 

Lit'erary 

Litera'ti 

Lit'erature 

Lith'arge 

Lithe 

Lithlc 

Li'tho 

Lith'oglyph 

Lith'ogogue 

Lith'ograph (ed, ing) 

Lithog'raphy 

Lithol'ogy 

Lithoplragous 

Litho-photog'raphy 

Lith'otint 

Lithot'omy 

Lithot'rity 

Litigant 

LitlgatE (ed, ing) 

Litiga'tion 

Lit'mus 

Lifter (ed, ing) 

Litferateur 

Lit'tle 

Liftoral 

Lit'urgy 

LivE (ed, ing) 

Livelihood 

Liveliness 

Liv'er 

Liv'ery 

Livid 

Living 

Liz'ard 

Lla'ma 

Lloyd's 

Lo 

Load (ed, ing) 

Load'star 

Load'stone 

Loaf (ed, ing) 

Loam 

Loan 

Loath 

LoathE (ed, ing) 

Loath'some 

Lob'by 

Lobe 

Lobelia 

Lob'scouse 

Lob'ster 

Lo'cal 

Lo'calism 

Lo'calizE (ed, ing) 

Lo'catE (ed, ing) 

Loca'tion 

Loch 

Lock (ed, ing) 

Loek'er 

Lock'et 

Lock'jaw 

Lock'smith 

Locomo'tion 

Locomo'tive 

Lo'cust 

Lode 

Lode'star 

Lode'stone 

LodgE (ed, ing) 

Lodging 

Loft 



SPELLING LIST. 



345 



Lofty 

Log 

Log'arithm 

Log'book 

Log'gerhead 

Logic 

Logi'eian 

Log'-line 

Logog'raphy 

Logomet'ric 

Log'otype 

Log'wood 

Loin 

Loins 

Loi'ter(ed, ing) 

Loll (ed, ing) 

Lol'lard 

Lone 

Loneliness 

Lone'some 

Long (ed, ing) 

Long-doz'en 

Longevity 

Long'-headed 

Longim'etry 

Lon'gitude 

Long'-measure 

Loo 

Look (ed, ing) 

Look'ing-glass 

Look'-out 

Loom (ed, ing) 

Loon 

Loop 

Loop'hole 

Loose (ed, ing) 

Loos'en (ed, ing) 

Loot (ed, ing) 

Lop (ped, ping) 

Lopsi'ded 

Loquae'ity 

Loreh'a 

Lord (ed, ing) 

Lore 

Lor'gnette 

Lor'icated 

Lorn 

Lose (ing), lost 

Los'er 

Loss 

Lot 

Loth 

Lo'tion 

Lot'tery 

Lo'tus 

Loud 

Lough. 

LoungE (ed, ing) 

Louse 

Lout 

Lou'vre 

Lov'able 

Love (ed, ing) 

Love'liness 

Lovelorn 

Lov'er 

Low (ed, ing) 

Low'-bred 

Low'-church 

Low'er (ed, ing) 

Lower-case 

Low'land 

Low'lander 

Low'liness 

Low-pressure 

Low-spir'ited 

Low'-water 

Loy'al 

Loz'enge 

Lub'ber 

Lu'brieant 

Lu'bricatE (ed, ing) 

Lu'bricator 



Lu'eent 

Lu'eerne . 

Lucid'ity' 

Lu'cifer 

Lueif'erous 

Lu'eiform 

Luek 

Lu'erative 

Lu'cre 

Lu'eubratE (ed, ing) 

Lueubra'tion 

Lu'dierous 

Luff (ed, ing) 

Lug (ged, ging) 

Lug'gage 

Lug'ger 

Lugu'brious 

Luke'warm 

Lull (ed, ing) 

Lullaby 

Lumba'go 

Lum'oar 

Lum'ber 

Lu'minary 

Lu'minous 

Lump (ed, ing) 

Lump'ish 

Lu'na 

Lu'nacy 

Lu'nar 

Lu'natio 

Luna'tion 

Lunch 

Lunch'eon 

Lunge 

Lungs 

Lu'niform 

Lu'nula 

Lu'nulate 

Lu'pine 

Lu'pus 

Lurch (ed, ing) 

LurE (ed, ing) 

Lu'rid 

Lurk (ed, ing) 

Lus'eious 

Lush 

Lust (ed, ing) 

Lus'ter 

Lus'terless 

Lust'ful 

Lust'iness 

Lus'tral 

Lustra'tion 

Lus'trous 

Lust'y 

Lute 

Lu'theran 

Lu'tose 

Luxu'riance 

Luxu'riant 

Luxu'riatE (ed, ing) 

Luxu'rious 

Lux'ury 

Lycopo'dium 

Lyd'ian 

Lye 

Ly'ing-in 

Lymph 

Lymphat'ic 

Lynch (ed, ing) 

Lynx 

Lynx-eyed 

Lyonnaise' 

Lyopo'mata 

Ly'ra 

Ly'rate 

Ly'rated 

Lyre 

Lyr'ic 

Lyr'ical 

Lyrif'erous 

Lyr'ism 



M 

Mab 

Macad'amizE (ed, ing) 

Macaro'ni 

Macaroon' 

Macaw' 

Mae'cabees 

Mace 

Mae'eratE (ed, ing) 

Machi'nal 

Mach'inatE (ed, ing) 

Machina'tion 

Machin'ery 

Machinist 

Maek'erel 

Mack'intosh 

Macro'eosm 

Mae'ulae 

Mac'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Mad 

Mad'am 

Mad'cap 

Mad'den (ed, ing) 

Mad'der 

Mademoiselle' 

Mad 'man 

Mad'ness 

Madon'na 

Mad'rigal 

Magazine' 

MaH 0t 
Ma'gian 
Mag'ic 
Mag'ical 
Magi'cian 
Magistracy 
Magistrate 
Magnanimity 
Magnanlmo us 
Mag'nate 
Magne'sia 
Magne'sium 
Mag'net 
Magnetic 
Mag'netism 
Mag'netizE (ed, ing) 
Magnetom' eter 
Magnificence 
Magnificent 
Mag'nifler 

Mag'nify (ing), mag- 
nified 
Magnil'oquenee 
Mag'nitude 
Mag'pie 
Mahog'any 
Maid 
Maid'en 
Maid'en-hair 
Mail 

Maim (ed, ing) 
Main 

Maintain' (ed, ing) 
Maintainable 
Main'tenance 
Main'top 
Maize 
Majestic 
Maj'esty 
Majolica 
Ma'jor 

Ma'j or-gen'er al 
Majority 
MakE (ing), made 
Make'-believe' 
Mak'er 
Make'shift 
Mal'aehite 
Maladministration 
Maladroit'ness 
Mal'ady 



Mal'aga 

Mal'anders 

Mal'apert 

Mala'ria 

Mala'rious 

Mal'content 

Male 

Maledie'tion 

Malefae'tor 

Malev'olence 

Malev'olent 

Malfea'sance 

Malforma'tion 

Malice 

Mali'cious 

Malign' (ed, ing) 

Malig'nant 

Malig'nity 

Mall 

Malleable 

Mal'leatE (ed, ing) 

Mallet 

Mallow 

Mal'odor 

Malposi'tion 

Malprac'tiee 

Malt 

Malthu'sian 

Maltreat' (ed, ing) 

Malt'ster 

Malversation 

Mamma' 

Mam'ma 

Mam'mal 

Mammalia 

Mam'mary 

Mam'mon 

Mam'moth 

Man (ned, ning) 

Man'aclE (ed, ing) 

Man'agE (ed, ing) 

Man'ageable 

Man'agement 

Manage'rial 

Manch'et 

Man'date 

Man'datory 

Man'dible 

Man'dolin 

Man'drake 

Man'drel 

Man'drill 



Ma'nes 

Maneu'ver (ed, ing) 
Man'ful 



Mange 

Man'ger 

Man'glE (ed, ing) 

Man'go 

Man'grove 

Man'hood 

Ma'nia 

Ma'niac 

Mani'acal 

Manifest (ed, ing) 

Manifestation 

Manifesto 

Manifold 

Manifold-writer 

Manikin 

Manilla 

Maliioe 

Manip'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Manipulator 

Mankind' 

Manly 

Man'na 

Man'ner 

Man'nerisni 

Man'ners 

Man-of-war' 



346 



SPELLING LIST 



Manom'eter 

Man'or 

Manse 

Man'sion 

Manslaughter 

Man'teau 

Man'tel-piece 

Mantil'la 

Man'tle 

Man'ual 

Manufactory 

Manufac'turE (ed.ing) 

Manumis'sion 

Manumit' (ted, ting) 

Manure' (ed, ing) 

Man'uscript 

Man'y 

Map (ped, ping) 

Ma'ple 

Mar (red, ring) 

Marabou' 

Maraschi'no 

Maras'mus 

Maraud' (ed, iug) 

Mar'blE (ed, ing) 

March (ed, ing) 

Mar'ehioness 

Mare 

Mar'gki 

Mar'ginal 

Mar'igold 

Marine' 

Mar'iner 

Mariol'atry 

Mar'ital 

Mar'itime 

Mar'joram 

Mark (ed, ing) 

Mar'ket (ed, ing) 

Marketable 

Marks'inan 

Marl 

Marline-spike 

Marl'stone 

Mar'malade 

Marmoset' 

Mar'mot 

Maroon' 

Mar'plot 

Marquee' 

Mar'queti'y 

Mar'quis 

Mar'quise 

Mar'riage 

Marriageable 

Mar'row 

Mar'rowfat 

Marry (ing), married 

Marseillaise 

Marsh 

Mar'shal (ed, ing) 

Marsh-mallow 

Mart 

Mar' ten 

Mar'tial 

Mar'tin 

Mar'tinet 

Mar'tingale 

Mar'tyr 

Mar'tyrdom 

Martyrol'ogy 

Mar'vel (ed, ing) 

Mar'velous 

Mas'culine 

Mash (ed, ing) 

Mask (ed, ing) 

Ma'son 

Ma'sonry 

MasqueradE' (ed, ing) 

Mass 

Mas'sacrE (ed, ing) 

Mas'sage 

Mas'sive 



Mast 

Mas'ter (ed, ing) 

Mas'terful 

Mas'tery 

Mas'tie 

Mas'ticatE (ed, ing) 

Mas'tich 

Mas'tiff 

Mas'todon 

Mat (ted, ting) 

Match (ed, ing) 

Match'less 

MatE (ed, ing) 

Mate'rial 

Mate'rialism 

Mate'rially 

Mate'ria med'ica 

Mater'nal 

Mater'nity 

Mathematical 

Mathernati'cian 

Mathemat'ics 

Mat'in 

Mat'ricide 

Matric'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Matricula'tion 

Matrimo'nial 

Mat'rimony 

Ma'trix 

Ma'tron 

Ma'tronly 

Mat'ter 

Mat'tock 

Mat'tress 

MaturE' (ed, ing) 

Matu'rity 

Matuti'nal 

Maud 

Maud'lin 

Maul (ed, ing) 

Mausole'um 

Mauve 

Maw 

Mawk'ish 

Maxil'la 

Max'im 

Max'i mum 

May 

May 'hem 

May'or 

May'oralty 

Mazarine' 

Maze 

Mazur'ka 

Ma'zy 

Mead 

Mead'ow 

Mea'gre 

Meal 

Meal'y 

Meal'y -mouthed 

Mean (ing), meant 

Mean'der (ed, ing) 

Mean'ness 

Means 

Mean'time 

Mean'while 

Mea'sles 

Meas'urable 

Meas'urably 

Meas'urE (ed, ing) 

Meas'ureless 

Meat 

Meehan'ic 

Mechan'ical 

Mechanician 

Mechan'ics 

Mech'anism 

Med'al 

Medallion 

Med'allurgy 

Med'dlE (ed, ing) 

Med'dlesome 



Medise'val 

Me'dial 

Me'diatE (ed, ing) 

Me'diately 

Media'tion 

Me'diator 

Med'ical 

Med'ieament 

Med'ieatE (ed, ing) 

Medic'inal 

Med'ieine 

Me'diocre 

Medioc'rity 

Med'itatE (ed, ing) 

Medita'tion 

Meditative 

Mediterranean 

Me dium 

Med'ley 

Medulla 

Medullary 

Meed 

Meek 

Meer'schaum 

Meet (in;*), met 

Mel'ancholic 

Mel'aneholy 

Melllot 

Mel'ioratE (ed, ing) 

Meliora'tion 

Mellifluous 

Mel'low (ed, ing) 

Mel'lowness 

Melo'dious 

Melo'diously 

Mel'odrama 

Mel'ody 

Mel'on 

Melt (ed, ing) 

Mel'ton 

Mem'ber 

Mem'bership 

Mem'braiie 

Mem'branous 

Memen'to 

Memoir' 

Memorabilia 

Mem'orable 

Memoran'dum 

Memo'rial 

Memo'rializE (ed, ing) 

Mem'ory 

Men'acE (ed, ing) 

Menag'erie 

Mend (ed, ing) 

Menda'cious 

Mendac'ity 

Men'dicant 

Men'dieancy 

Me'nial 

Meningi'tis 

Men'ses • 

Men'strual 

Men'struatE (ed, ing) 

Mensura'tion 

Men'tal 

Men'tally 

Men'tion (ed, ing) 

Men'tor 

Me'nu 

Mer'cantile 

Mer'eenary 

Merchandise 

Mer'ehant 

Mer'ciful 

Mer'ciless 

Mereu'rial 

Mereu'rials 

Mer'cury 

Mer'cy 

Mere 

Meretri'cious 

MergE (ed, ing) 



Meridian 

Meri'no 

Mer'it (ed, ing) 

Merito'rious 

Mer'maid 

Mer'riment 

Mer'ry 

Mer'ry thought 

Mesenteric 

Mes'entery 

Mesh 

Me'sial 

Mesmer'ic 

Mes'merism 

Mes'merizE (ed, ing) 

Mesogas'tric 

Mesozo'ic 

Mess 

Mes'sage 

Mes'senger 

'all 
Messian'ic 
Mess'mate 
Mes'suage 
Mestee' 
Metacar'pus 
Metach'ronism 
Met'al 
Metal'lic 
Metallog'raphy 
Met'allurgy 
Metamor'phism 
Metamor'phosE (ed, 

ing) 
Metamor'phosis 
Met'aphor 
Metaphysi'cian 
Metaphys'ics 
MetE (ed, ing) 
Me tempsy cho'sis 
Me'teor 
Me'teorite 
Meteor'clite 
Meteorological 
Meteorol'ogy 
Me'ter 
Metheglin 
Methinks' 
Meth'od 
Meth'odism 
Meth'odist 
Meth'odizE (ed, ing) 
Meton'ymy 
Metrol'ogy 
Met'ronome 
Metrop'olis 
Metropol'itan 
Met'tle 
Met'tlesome 
Mew (ed, ing) 
Mez'zanine 
Mez'zotint 
Mias'ma 
Miasmat'ic 
Mi'ea 
Mi'erobe 
Mi'erocosm 
Microg'raphy 
Microl'ogy 
Microm'eter 
Mi'croscope 
Microscop'ical 
Micros'eopy 
Mieturi'tion 
Mid 
Mid'dle 
Midge 
Mid'land 
Mid'riff 
Mid'shipman 
Midst 
Mid'way 
Mid'wife 



SPELLING List. 



34? 



Mien 

Might 

Mightiness 

Mighty 

Mignonette' 

Mi'gratE (ed, ing) 

Migra'tion 

Mi'gratory 

Milch 

Mild 

Mil'dew 

Mile 

Mile'age 

Mile'sian 

Mil'itant 

Mil'itary 

Mil'itatE (ed, ing) 

Mili'tia 

Milk (ed, ing) 

Milk'sop 

Milk'-tooth 

Milk'y-Way 

Mill (ed, ing) 

Millen'ary 

Millennium 

Millet 

Mil'liner 

Mil'linery 

Mill'ing 

Mill'ion 

Millionaire' 

Milt 

Mime 

Mimet'ic 

Mim'ic (ked, king) 

Mimicry 

Min'aret 

MincE (ed, ing) 

Minelngly 

Mind (ed, ing) 

Mind'ful 

MinE (ed, ing) 

Min'er 

Min'eral 

Mineralog'ical 

Mineral'ogy 

Min'glE (ed, ing) 

Min'iature 

Min'im 

Min'imum 

Min'ion 

Min'ister (ed, ing) 

Ministerial 

Ministra'tion 

Ministry 

Mink 

Min'now 

Mi'nor 

Minor'ity 

Min'otaur 

Min'ster 

Min'strel 

Mint (ed, ing) 

Mi'nus 

Minute' 

Min'ute 

Minute'ly 

Minutiae 

Minx 

Mi'oeene 

Mir'aele 

Mirae'ulous 

Mirage 

Mire 

Mir'ror 

Mirth. 

Mirth'ful 

Mirtli'fulness 

Misadven'ture 

MisallegE' (ed, ing) 

Misalli'ance 

Mis'anthrope 

Misanthropy 



(Misapply' (ing), mis- 
applied 
Misapprehend' (ed, 
ing) 

Misappro'priatE (ed, 
ing) 

MisbehavE' (ed, ing) 

Misbehav'ior 

MisbelievE' (ed, ing) 

Miseal'culatE (ed,ing) 

Miscar'ry (ing), mis 
carried 

Mis'eegenation 

Miscellaneous 

Mis'eellany 

Mischance' 

Mis'chief 

Mis'chievous 

Mis'cible 

MiseonceivE' (ed, ing) 

Misconeep'tion 

Miscon'duct 

Misconduct' (ed, ing) 

MiseonstruE' (ed, ing) 

Mis'creant 

Misdeed' 

Misdemean' (ed, ing) 

Misdemean'or 

Misdirect' (ed. ing) 

Mi'ser 

Mis'erable 

Mi'serly 

Mis'ery 

Misfash'ion (ed, ing) 

Misfea'sance 

Misfit' 

Misf o r m a'tion 

Misfort'une 

Misgiv'ing 

Misgov'ern (ed, ing) 

Misgov'ernment 

MisguidE' (ed, ing) 

Mishap' 

Misinform' (ed, ing) 

Misinterpret (ed,ing> 

MisjudgE' (ed, ing) 

Misjudg'ment 

Mislay' (ing), mislaid 

Mislead' (ing), misled 

Misman'agE (ed, ing) 

Misman'agement 

Mismatch' (ed, ing) 

Misno'mer 

Misog'amist 

Misog'amy 

Misog'ynist 

Misog'yny 

Mispereep'tion 

MisplacE' (ed, ing) 

Misprint' 

MispronouncE' (ed, 
ing) 

Mispronunciation 

MisquotE' (ed, ing) 

Misreck'on (ed, ing) 

Misrepresent' (ed, 
ing) 

Misrepresenta'tion 

Misrule' 

Miss (ed, ing) 

Mis'sal 

MisshapE' (ed, ing) 

Misshap'en 

Mis'sile 

Mis'sion 

Mis'sionary 

Mis'sive 

Misspell' (ed, ing) 

Misspend' (ing), mis- 
spent 

MisstatE' (ed, ing) 

Misstate'ment 
I Mist 



MistakE' (ing), mis 

took 
Mista'ken 
Mis'ter 

MistimE' (ed, ing) 
Mis'tletoe 
Mistreat'ment 
Mis'tress 
Mistrust' (ed, ing) 
Mistrust'ful 
Mist'y 
Misunderstand'(ing) , 

misunderstood 
MisusE' (ed, ing) 
Mite 
Mi'ter 

Mit'igatE (ed, ing) 
Mitiga'tion 
Mitiga'tory 
Mi'tre 
Mit'ten 
Mix (ed, ing) 
Mixt'ure 
Miz'zen 
Mnemonics 
Moan (ed, ing) 
Moat 
Mob 
Mobile' 
Mobility 
Mobiliza'tion 
Mob'ilizE (ed, ing) 
Moboe'raey 
Moc'casin 
Mock (ed, ing) 
Mock'ery 
Mode 

Mod' el (ed, ing) 
Mod'eratE (ed, ing) 
Modera'tion 
Mod'erator 
Mod'ern 

Mod'ernizE (ed, inx> 
Mod'est 
Mod'esty 
Mod'ieum 
Modification ' 
Modify (ing), mod- 
ified 
Modiste' 

Mod'ulatE (ed, ing) 
Modulation 
Moliair 

Moham'medanism 
Moi'ety 
Moist 

Moisten (ed, ing) 
Moist'ure 
Mo'lar 
Mold 
Mold'y 
Mole 

Molee'ular 
Mol'eeule 
Molest' fed, ing) 
Molestation 
Mol'lifiable 
Mollify (ing), molli- 
fied 
Mollusk 
Moloch 
Molten 
Molybde'num 
Mo'ment 
Mo'mentary 
Moment'ous 
Momentum 
Mon'ad 
Mon'arch 
Monarchical 
Mon'archy 
Mon'astery 
Monastic 



Mon'etary 

Mon'ey 

Mon'grel 

Monition 

Monitor 

Monltress 

Monk 

Mon'key 

Mon'oehrome 

Mon'ocle 

Mon'ocule 

Mon'odrame 

Mon'ody 

Monog'amy 

Mon'ogram 

Mon'ograph 

Mon'olith 

Mon'ologue 

Monom'aehy 

Monoma'aia 

Monop'olist 

Monop'olizE (ed, ing) 

Monop'oly 

Monosyllabic 

Mon'otheist 

Mon'otone 

Monot'onous 

Monsieur 

Monsoon' 

Mon'ster 

Mon'strance 

Monstrosity 

Mon'strous 

Month 

Monthly 

Mon'ument 

Monumental 

Mood 

Moodiness 

Mood'y 

Moon 

Moon'shine 

Moon'shiner 

Moor (ed, ing) 



Moot (ed, ing) 

Mop 

MopE (ed, ing) 

Mopish 

Moraine' 

Mor'al 

Morale 

Morality 

Mor'alizE (ed, ing) 

Mor'ally 

Morass' 

Mora'vian 

Mor'bid 

Morda'cious 

Mor'dant 

More 

Moreo'ver 

Morganatic 

Morgue 

Moribund 

Mor'mon 

Mor'monism 

Morning 

Moroc'eo 

Morose' 

Mor'pheus 

Mor'phia 

Mor'row 

Morse 

Mor'selJ 

Mortal 

Mortal'ity 

Mortally 

Mor'tar 

Mort'gagE (ed, ing) 

Mortgagee' 

Mortgagor' 

Mortification 



348 



SPELLING LIST. 



Mor'tify (ing), mor- 
tified 
Mor'tise 
Mort'uary 
Mosaic 
Mos'lem 
Mosque 
Mosqui'to 



Most 

Mote 

Moth 

Moth'er 

Moth'erliood 

Moth'erly 

Moth'er-of-pearl 

Mo th/er-tongue 

Motif 

Mo'tion (ed, ing) 

Mo'tive 

Mot'ley 

Mo'tor 

Mot'to 

Mould (ed, iug) 

Mould'er (ed, ing) 

Moult (ed, iug) 

Mount (ed, ing) 

Moun'tain 

Moun'tainous 

Moun'tebank 

Mourn (ed, ing) 

Mourn'ful 

Mourn'ing 

Mouse 

Mous'er 

Moustache' 

Mouth 

Mov'able 

Move (ed, iug) 

Move'ment 

Mow (ed, ing) 

Mown 

Mu'cilage 

Mueilag'inous 

Muck 

Mu'cous 

Mu'eus 

Mud 

Mud'dlK (ed, ing) 

Mud'dy 

Muff 

Muffin 

Muf-flE (ed, ing) 

Mug 

Mug'gy 

Mug'wump 

Mulat'to 

Mul'berry 

Mulch (ed, ing) 

Mulct (ed, ing) 

Mule 

Mulieb'rity 

Mu'lish 

Mull (ed, ing) 

Mul'let 

Mul'lion 

Multifa'rious 

Mul'tiform 

Mul'tiple 

Multiplex 

Multiplicand' 

Multiplication 

Mtil'tiplier 

Mul'tiply (ing), mul- 
tiplied 

Mul'titude 

Multitu'dinous 

Mum 

Mum'blE (ed, ing) 

Mumm (ed, ing) 

Mum'mify (ing), 
mummified 

lum'my 



Mumps 

Munch (ed, ing) 

Mun'dane 

Munie'ipal 

Municipal'ity 

Munificence 

Munificent 

Mu'niment 

Mtini'tion 

Mu'ral 

Mur'der (ed, ing) 

Mur'derous 

Muriat'ic 

Murk'y 

Mur'mur (ed, ing) 

Mur'rain 

Mus'cle 

Muscova'do 

Mus'eovite 

Mus'cular 

Muse (ed, ing) 

Muse'um 

Mush 

Mush'room 

Mu'sie 

Musi'cian 

Musk 

Musk'-deer 

MusTtet 

Mus'ketry 

Musk'-ox 

Musk'-rat 

Mus'lin 

Musqui'to 

Mussel 

Mus'sulman 

Must 

Mustache' 

Mus'tang 

Mus'tard 

Mus'ter (ed, ing) 

Mus'ty 

Mu'table 

Muta'tion 

Mute 

Mu'tilatE (ed, ing) 

Mu'tinous 

Mu'tiny (ing), muti- 
nied 

Mut'ter (ed, ing) 

Mut'ton 

Mut'ual 

Muz'zlE (ed, ing) 

My 

Mycol'ogy 

Myog'raphy 

My'ope 

Myo'pia 

Myr'iad 

Myr'midon 

Myrrh 

Myr'tle 

Myself 

Mystagogleal 

Mystelious 

Mys'tery 

Mys'tic 

Mys'ticism 

Mystify (ing), mysti 
fled 

Myth 

Myth'ical 

Mythological 

Mythol'ogy 

Myth'oplasm 

Mythopoe'ie 

Mythopoetic 

Myt'iloid 

Mytilotoxlne 

Myt'ilus 

Myx'a 

Myx'ine 

Myzostom'ata 



N 

Nab (bed, bing) 

Na'bob 

Na'dir 

Nae'vus 

Nag (ged, ging) 

Naiad 

Nail (ed, ing) 

Na'ive 

Naively 

Na'ked 

Na'kedness 

Nam'by-pam'by 

NamE (ed, ing) 

Name'less 

Name'ly 

Name'sake 

Nap (ped, ping) 

Nape 

Naph'tha 

NapTtin 

Narcot'ie 

Nar'cotine 

Nar'cotizE' (ed,ing) 

Na'res 

NarratE' (ed, ing) 

Nar'rative 

Nar'rator 

Nar'row (ed, ing) 

Nar'rowness 

Nar'whal 

Na'sal 

Nas'cent 

Nas'tiness 

Nasturlion 

Nastur'tium 

Nas'ty 

Na'tal 

Nata'tion 

Na'tion 

Na'tional 

National'ity 

Na'tionalizE (ed, ing) 

Na'tive 

Nativ'ity 

Nat'ty 

Nat'ural 

Nat'uralizE (cd, ing) 

Nat'ure 

Naught 

Naugh'tiness 

Nau'sea 

Nau'seatE (ed, ing) 

Nau'eeous 

Nau'tieal 

Nau'tilus 

Na'val 

Nave 

Na'vel 

Nav'igatE (ed, ing) 

Naviga'tion 

Nav'igator 

Nav'vy 

Na'vy 

Nay 

Nazarene' 

Near (ed, ing) 

Nearly 

Near'ness 

Nearsight'ed 

Neat 

Neat'-cattle 

Neat'ly 

Neat'nes3 

Neat's'-foot 

Neb'ula 

Neb'ulous 

Nec'essary 

Neees'sitatE (ed, ing) 

Neces'sitous 

Neces'sity 



Neck 

Neck'lace 

Neck'tie 

Necrol'ogy 

Nec'romancep 

Nee'romancy 

Neerop'olis 

Necro'sis 

Nec'tar 

Nec'tarine 

Need (ed, ing) 

Need'ful 

Nee'dle 

Nee'dle-gun 

Need'less 

Need'y 

Nefa'rious 

Nega'tion 

Neg'ative 

Neglect' (ed, ing) 

Neglect'ful 

Neg'ligenee 

Negligent 

Nego'tiable 

Nego'tiatE (ed, ing) 

Negotia'tion 

Nego'tiator 

Ne'gress 

Ne'gro 

Neigh (ed, ing) 

Neigh'bor 

Neigh'borhood 

Neigh'borly 

Nei ther 

Nem'esis 

Neoc'raey 

Neol'ogism 

Neol'ogy 

Ne'ophyte 

Neph'ew 

Nep'otism 

Ne'reid 

NervE (ed.ing) 

Nerveless 

Ner'vine 

Ner'vous 

Ner'vousness 

Nes'cience 

Nest 

1m es'tlE (ed, ing) 

Nesto'rian 

Net (ted, ting) 

Neth'er 

Neth'ermost 

Net'ting 

Net'tlE (ed, ing) 

Nettle'-rash 

Neural'gia 

Neurot'ics 

Neu'ter 

Neu'tral 

Neutrality 

Neu'tralizE (ed, ing) 

Nev'er 

Nevertheless' 

New 

News 

Newt 

Next 

Nib 

Nib'blE (ed, ing) 

Nice 

Ni'cene 

Ni'cety 

Niche 

Nick (ed, ing) 

Niek'el 

Niek'name 

Nic'otine 

Niece 

Nig'gard 

Nigh 

Night 



SPELLING LIST. 



349 



Night'fall 

Night'ingale 

Night'mare 

Night'shade 

Ni'hilism 

Ni'hilist 

Nil 

Niin'ble 

Nim'bus 

Nine 

Nine'teen 

Nine'ty 

Nin'ny 

Nip (ped, ping) 

Nip'pers 

Nip'ple 

Nirva'na 

Nit 

Ni'ter 

Ni'trogen 

Nitrog'enous 

Ni'trous 

Niv'eous 

No 

Nobil'ity 

No'ble 

No'bleman 

No'bleness 

No'bly 

No'body 

Noc'turn 

Noctur'nal 

Nod (ded, ding) 

Nod'dle 

Node 

Nod'ule 

NoisE (ed, ing) 

Noi'some 

Noi'sy 

No'mad 

Nomad'ie 

Nom de plume 

Nomenclature 

Nom'inal 

Nom'inatE (ed, ing) 

Nomina'tion 

Nom'inative 

Nom'inator 

Nominee' 

Non 

Non'age 

Nonagena'rian 

Nonce 

Nonchalance' 

Non compos mentis 

Non-conduct'or 

3Si on'descript 

None 

Nonen'tity 

Nonpareil' 

Non'plus (ed, ing) 

Non'sense 

Non'suit (ed, ing) 

Noon 

Nor 

Nor'mal 

North 

Northeasf 

North'-pole 

North'-star 

Nose 

Nostal'gia 

Nos'tril 

Nos'trum 

Not 

Not'able 

Notch (ed, ing) 

NotE (ed, ing) 

Note'worthy 

Noth'ing 

No'ticE (ed, ing) 

No'ticeable 

Notifioa'tion 



No'tify (ing), notified 
No'tion 
Notori'ety 
Noto'rious 
Notwithstanding 
Nought 
Noun 
Noun'al 

Nour'ish (ed, ing) 
Nourishment 
Nov'el 
Nov'elty 
Novem'ber 
Nov'ice 
Novi'tiate 
Now 

Now'adaya 
No'where 
No'wise 
Nox'ious 
Noz'zle 
Nu'eleus 
Nude 

NudgE (ed, ing) 
Nu'gatory 
Nui'sance 
Null 

Nullification 
Nullify (ing), nulli- 
fied 
Numb (ed, ing) 
Num'ber (ed, ing) 
Numb'ness 
Nu'meral 
Nu'meratE (ed, ing) 
Numeration 
Numismat'ics 
Num'skull 
Nun 

Nuncu'pative 
Nup'tial 
Nup'tials 
NursE (ed, ing) 
Nurs'ery 
Nurt'urE (ed, ing) 
Nut 

Nut'meg 
Nu'triment 
Nutri'tious 
Nu'tritive 
Nymph 



O 

Oaf 
Oak 
Oak'um 
Oar 

O'asis 
Oath 

Oats 

Ob'durate 

Obe'dience 

Obei'sanee 

Ob'elisk 

Obese' 

Obey' (ed, ing) 

Obfus'catE (ed, ing) 

Obfusca'tion 

Obit'uary 

Object' (ed, ing) 

Ob'jeet 

Objec'tion 

Objec'tionable 

Objec'tive 

Objuration 

Objur'gatE (ed, ing) 

Oblate' 

Obla'tion 

Obliga'tion 

Obligatory 

ObligE' (ed, ing) 



Obligee' 

Obligor' 

Oblique' 

Obliq'uity 

Oblit'eratE (ed, ing) 

Oblitera'tion 

Oblivion 

Ob'long 

Ob'loquy 

Obnox'ious 

Obscene' 

Obscure' 

Obscu'rity 

Obse'quious 

Observ'an ce 

Observation 

Observ'atory 

ObservE' (ed, ing) 

Ob'solete 

O b'stacle 

Obstet'rics 

Obstetri'eian 

Ob'stinate 

Obstrep'erous 

Obstruct' (ed, ing) 

Obstruction 

Obtain' (ed, ing) 

ObtrudE'(ed, ing) 

Obtru'sive 

Obtuse' 

Ob'viatE (ed, ing) 

Ob'vious 

Occa'sion (ed, ing) 

Oe'eident 

Occip'ital 

Oc'ciput 

Occult' 

Occulta'tion 

Oc'cupant 

Oecupa'tion 

Oc'cupy (ing), oceu 

pied 
Occur' (red, ring) 
Occur'renee 
O'eean 
O'cher 
O'ehre 
Oc'tagon 
Oc'tave 
Octa'vo 
Octo'ber 
Oetogena'rian 
Oeto'pus 
Oc'ular 
Oc'ulist 
Odd 

Odd Fellow 
Odd'ity 
Ode 
O'dious 
O'dium 
Odontal'gia 
Odontol'ogy 
O'dor 
O'dorless 
O'dorous 
CBsoph'agus 
Of 
Off 
Offal 

Offend' (ed, ing) 
Offense' 
Offen'sive 
Offer (ed, ing) 
Offering 
Offertory 
Office 
Officer 
Offi'cial 

Offi'ciatE (ed, ing) 
Offi'eious 
Offi'ciousness 
Off scouring 



Offset 

Offshoot 

Offspring 

Oft 

Often 

Oft'times 

O'glE (ed, ing) 

Oh 

Ohm 

Oil 

Oil'y 

Old 

Old'en 

Oleag'inous 

O'lein 

Oleomar'garine 

Olfac'tory 

Oligarchy 

O'lio 

Ol'ive 

O'mega 

O'men 

Om'inous 

Omis'sion 

Omit' (ted, ting) 

Om'nibus 

Omnifa'rious 

Omnip'otence 

Omnip'otent 

Omnipres'ence 

Omnipres'ent 

Omni'science 

Omniv'orous 

On 

Once 

One 

On'erary 

On'erous 

On'ion 

Only 

On'set 

On'slaught 

Ontol'ogy 

O'nus 

On'ward 

Onyeh'omancs 

O'nyx 

Oofogy 

Ooze (ed, ing) 

Opac'ity 

O'pal 

Opaque' 

O'pen (ed, ing)j 

O'penness 

Op'era 

Op'eratE (ed, ing) 

Opera'tion 

Op'erative 

Op'erator 

Operet'ta 

Ophiol'ogy 

Ophthal'mia 

Ophthal'moscope 

piate 

OpinE' (ed, ing) 

Opin'ion 

Opin'ionated 

O'pium 

Opos'sum 

Oppo'nent 

Opportune' 

Opportunity 

Oppose' (ed, ing) 

Op'posite 

Opposition 

Oppress' (ed, ing) 

Oppres'sion 

Oppro'brious 

Oppro'orium 

Op'tic 

Opti'eian 

Op'tics 

Op'timism 



30 



SPELLING LISf. 



Op'timist 

Op'tion 

Op'ulenee 

Or 

Or'aele 

O'ral 

Or'ange 

Orang'-outang 

Ora'tion 

Or'ator 

Orato'rio 

Or'atory 

Orb 

Or'bit 

Or 'chard 

Or'ehestra 

Or'ehid 

Ordain' (ed, ing) 

Or'deal 

Or'der (ed, ing) 

Or'derly 

Oi-'dinance 

Or'dinary 

Ordina'tion 

Ord'nanee 

Ord'ure 

Ore 

Or'gan 

Organ'ie 

Or'ganism 

Or'ganizE (ed, ing) 

Or'gies 

O'riel 

O'rient 

Orient'al 

Orifice 

Or'igin 

Orig'inal 

Orig'inatE (ed, ing) 

Or'ison 

Or'nament (ed, ing) 

Ornamen'tal 

Ornithological 

Ornithol'ogy 

Orotund' 

Or'phan 

Or'phanage 

Or'ris 

Or'thodox 

Or'thodoxy 

Orlhoepy 

Orthog'raphy 

Orthop'edy 

Orthop'ny 

Os 

Os'eillatK (ed, ing) 

Oseilla'tion 

Os'citatE (ed, ing) 

Os'culatE (ed, ing) 

Oscula'tion 

Os'seous 

Os'sify (ing), ossified 

Ostei'tis 

Ostensible 

Ostensibly 

Osfcenta'tion 

Ostenta'tious 

Osti'tis 

Os'traeism 

Os'tracizE (ed, ing) 

Os'trich 

Os'trogoth 

Oth'er 

Oth'erwise 

Oti'tis 

Otol'ogy 

Ot'ter 

Ot'toman 

Ought 

Ounce 

Our 

Ourselves' 

Oust (ed, ing) 



Oust'er 

Out 

Out'break 

Out'burst 

Out'cast 

Out'eome 

Out'cry 

Outdo' (ing), outdone 

Out'door 

Out'fit 

Out'go 

Out'going 

Outliouse 

Outland'ish 

Out'law 

Outlay 

Out'let 

Outline 

Out 'look 

Out'post 

Out'ragE (ed, ing) 

Outra'geous 

Out'rider 

Outright' 

Out'side 

Out'skirt 

Outstanding 

Out' ward 

Outwit' (ted, ting) 

Ova 

O'val 

O'vary 

Ova'tion 

Ov'en 

O'ver 

O'veralls 

OverawE' (ed, ing) 

Overbear'ing 

O'verboard 

OverchargE' (ed, ing) 

OvereomE' (ing), over- 
came 

Overdo' (ing), over- 
done 

Overdraw' (ing), over- 
drawn 

O'ver due 

Overflow' (ed, ing) 

Overhaul' (ed, ing) 

Overhead' 

Overhear 7 (ing), over- 
heard 

Overlook' (ed, ing) 

Overnight' 

Overpow'er (ed, ing) 

OverratE' (ed, ing) 

Overreach' (ed, ing) 

OverridE' (ing), over- 
ridden 

OverrulE' (ed, ing) 

Overrun' (ing) 

Oversee' (ing), over- 
seen 

Overseer' 

Overshad'ow (ed, ing) 

O'versight 

OverstatE' (ed, ing) 

Overstep' (ped, ping) 

O'vert 

OvertakE' (ing), over- 
taken 

Overthrow' (ing), 
overthrown 

O'verture 

Overturn' (ed, ing) 

Overval'uE (ed, ing) 

Overween'ing 

Overwhelm' (ed, ing) 

Ovip'arous 

Ovo-vivip'arous 

O'vum 

Owe (ed, ing) 

Owl 



Own (ed, ing) 

Own'er 

Own'ership 

Ox 

Ox'ide 

Ox'idizE (ed, ing) 

Ox'ygen 

Oys'ter 

Ozoee'rite 

O'zone 



Pab'ulum 

PacE (ed, ing) 

Pacha' 

Pacific 

Pac'ify (ing), pacified 

Pack (ed, ing) 

Pack'age 

Paek'et 

Pact 

Pad (ded, ding) 

Pad'dlE (ed, ing) 

Pad'dock 

Pad'dy 

Padro'ne 

Pae'an 

Pa'gan 

Pa'ganism 

PagE (ed, ing) 

Pag'eant 

Pago'da 

Pail 

Pain (ed, ing) 

Pain'ful 

Pains 

Pains'taking 

Paint (ed, ing) 

Paint'er 

Pair (ed, ing) 

Pal'aee 

Pal'atable 

Pal'ate 

Pala'tial 

Pala'ver 

Pale 

Paleog'raphy 

Paleol'ogy 

Paleontol'ogy 

Palette' 

Pal'impsest 

Palingene'sis 

Pal'isadE (ed, ing) 

Pall (ed, ing) 

Palla'dium 

Pal'let 

Pal'liatE (ed, ing) 

Pal'liative 

Pallid 

Pai'lor 

Palm (ed, ing) 

Pal'ma-chris'ti 

Palmet'to 

Pal'mistry 

Pal'pable 

Pal'pitatE (ed, ing) 

Palpita'tion 

PaFsy 

Pal'ter (ed, ing) 

Pal'try 

Pani'per (ed, ing) 

Pan 

Panace'a 

Pan-Anglican 

Pan'creas 

Pan'dect 

Pandemo'nium 

Pan'der (ed, ing) 

Pane 

Panegyr'ic 

Pan'el 



Pang 

Pan'ic 

Pan'oply 

Panora'ma 

Paa'sy 

Pant (ed, ing) 

Pan'taloona 

Pan'theism 

Panthe'on 

Pan'ther 

Pan'tograph 

Pan'tomijie 

Pap 

Papa' 

Pa'pacy 

Pa'pal 

Pa'per (ed, ing) 

Papier-mache' 

Papil'lary 

Pa'pist 

Pap'ula 

Papy'rus 

Par 

Par'able 

Parachute' 

Par'aclete 

ParadE' (ed, ing) 

Par'adise 

Par'adox 

Par'afnne 

Par'agon 

Par'agraph 

Par'allax 

Par'allel 

Par'allelism 

Parallel'ogram 

Paral'ysis 

Par'alyzE (ed,ing) 

Paramount 

Par'amour 

Paraphernalia 

Par'aphrasE (ed, ing) 

Par'asite 

Parasitic 

Par'boil (ed, ing) 

Par'eel (led, ling) 

Parch (ed, ing) 

Pareh'ment 

Par'don (ed, ing) 

ParE (ed, ing) 

Paregoric 

Par'ent 

Paren'thesis 

Parhelion 

Pari'ah 

Pari'etal 

Parish 

Pari'sian 

Parity 

Park 

Parlance 

Parley (ed, ing) 

Par'liament 

Parliamentary 

Paro'chial 

Par'ody (ing), paro- 
died 

Parol' 

Parole' 

Par'oxysm 

Parrhe'sia 

Par'ricide 

Par 'rot 

Par'ry (ing), parried 

ParsE (ed, ing) 

Par'see 

Par's imony 

Par's on 

Par'sonage 

Part (ed, ing) 

PartakE' (ing), par 
taken 

Par'tial 



SPELLING LIST. 



351 



PartielpatE (ed, ing) 

Participial 

Par'ticiple 

Parliele 

Particolored 

Partic'ular 

Par'tisan 

Partisanship 

Parti'tion (ed, ing) 

Part'ner 

Partnership 

Parturi'tion 

Par'ty 

Painty colored 

Parvenu 

Pas'chal 

Pasha' 

Pass (ed, ing) 

Pass'able 

Pas 'sage 

Pas'senger 

Pas'sion 

Pas'sionate 

Pas'sionless 

Pas'sive 

Pass'port 

Pass'word 

Past 

Paste 

Pas'tiiae 

Pas'tor 

Pas'toral 

Pas'try 

Past'urE (ed, ing) 

Pat (ted, ting) 

Patch (ed, ing) 

Patch'work 

Pate 

Pat'ent 

Patentee' 

Pater'nal 

Pater'nity 

Path 

Pathet'ic 

Pathol'ogy 

Pa'thos 

Pa'tient 

Patois 

Pa'triareh 

Pat'rimony 

Pa'triot 

Patriot'ic 

Pa'triotism 

Patris'tic 

Patrol' (led, ling) 

Pa'tron 

Pat'ronage 

Pat'ronisE (ed, ing) 

Pat'ter (ed, ing) 

Pat'tern 

Pau'city 

Paunch 

Pau'per 

Pau'perism 

PausE (ed, ing;) 

PavE (ed, ing) 

Pave'ment 

Paw (ed, ing) 

Pawn (ed, ing) 

Pawn'broker 

Pay (ing), paid 

Pay'ee 

Pay'er 

Paylnent 

Pay'or 

Pea 

Peace 

Peace'ful 

Peaeh 

Pea'cock 

Pea'-jaeket 

Peak 

Peal 



Pear 
Pearl 
Peas'ant 
Peas'antry 



Peat 

Peb'ble 

Peeeadil'lo 

Peck(ed, ing) 

Pec'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Peeula'tion 

Peeu'liar 

Peculiarity 

Pecu'niary 

Ped'agogue 

Ped'al 

Ped'ant 

Pedan'tic 

Ped'antry 

Ped'dlE (ed, ing) 

Ped'dler 

Ped'estal 

Pedes'trian 

Ped'igree 

Pedobap'tism 

Pedobap'tist 

Pedometer 

Peel (ed, ing) 

Peep (ed, iug) 

Peer (ed, ing) 

Peer'age 

Peerless 

Pee'vish 

Pee'vishness 

Peg (ged, ging) 

Peg'asus 

Pelf 

Pell'mell 

Pellu'cid 

Pelt (ed, ing) 

Pel'try 

Pel'vis 

Pen (ned, ning) 

Pe'nal 

Pen'alty 

Pen'anee 

Pena'tes 

Penchant' 

Pen'cil (led, ling) 

Pen'dant 

Pen'dent 

Pend'ing 

Pen'dulum 

Pen'etrable 

Pen'etratE (ed, ing) 

Pen'etrating 

Penetra'tion 

Pe n in's 11 la 

Penitence 

Pen'itent 

Peniten'tial 

Peniten'tiary 

Pen'nant 

Pen'niless 

Pen'non 

Pen'sile 

Pen'sion 

Pen'sive 

Pen'tarchy 

Pen'tateuch 

Pen'tecost 

Penul'timate 

Penum'bra 

Penu'rious 

Penu'riousness 

Pen'ury 

Pe'ony 

Peo'plE (ed, ing) 

Pep'per (ed, ing) 

Pep'permint 

Pep'sin 

Per 

Peradven'ture 



Peram'bulatE (ed, 
ng) 

Per annum 

PerceivE' (ed, ing) 

Per cent 

Percentage 

Percep'tible 

Percep'tion 

Pereep'tive 

Perch (ed, ing) 

Per'colatE (ed, ing) 

Pereus'sion 

Per diem 

Perdi'tion 

Peregrin a'tion 

Peremp'tory 

Peren'nial 

Per'fect 

Perfect' (ed, ing) 

Perfec'tion 

Per'fldy 

Per'foratE (ed, ing) 

Perforce' 

Perform' (ed, ing) 

Perform'ance 

PerfumE' (ed, ing) 

Perfum'ery 

Perfunc'tory 

Pericar'dium 

Per'igee 

Perihe'lion 

Per'il (led, ling) 

Perilous 

Pe'riod 

Periodical 

Peripatetic 

Periph'rasis 

Perish (ed, ing) 

Perishable 

Peritone'um 

Peritoni'tis 

Pei/jurE (ed, ing) 

Per'jury 

Per'manent 

Per'meatE (ed, ing) 

Permis'sible 

Permis'sion 

Permit' (ted, ting) 

Per'mit 

Perni'cious 

Perora'tion 

Perpendic'ular 

Per'petratE (ed, ing) 

Perpet'ual 

Perpet'uatE (ed, ing) 

Perpetuity 

Perplex' (ed, ing) 

Perplexity 

Perquisite 

Per'seeutE (ed, ing) 

Persever'anee 

PerseverE' (ed, ing) 

Persist' (ed, ing) 

Persist'ence 

Person 

Per'sonal 

Personality 

Per'sonalty 

Per'sonatE (ed, ing) 

Personify (ing), per- 
sonified 

Personnel' 

Perspective 

Perspicuity 

Perspira'tion 

PerspirE' (ed, ing) 

PersuadE' (ed, ing) 

Persua'sion 

Pert 

Pertain' (ed, ing) 

Pertina'cious 

Per'tinent 

Perturb' (ed, ing) 



Perturba'tion 

PerusE' (ed, ing) 

PervadE' (ed, ing) 

Perverse' 

Perver'sion 

Pervert' (ed, ing) 

Per'vert 

Pes'sary 

Pes'simist 

Pest 

Pes'ter (ed, ing) 

Pes'tilenee 

Pet (ted, ting) 

Petard' 

Petit 

Peti'tion (ed, ing) 

Petrifac'tion 

Pet'rify (ing), petri* 

fled 
Petroleum 
Pet'tifogger 
Pet'ty 
Pet'ulance 
Pew 
Pew'ter 
Pha'eton 
Phal'anx 
Phan'tom 
Pharisaical 
Pharmaceu'tist 
Pharmacol'ogy 
Pharmacopoeia 
Phar'maey 
Phar'ynx 
Phase 
Pheas'ant 
Phenom'enal 
Phenom'enon 
Phi'al 

Philanthropic 
Philan'thropist 
Philan'thropy 
Philharmonic 
Philip'pie 
Philol'ogy 
P h i 1 o p r ogenltive- 

ness 
Philos'opher 
Philos'ophizE (ed,ing) 
Philos'ophy 
Phil'ter 
Philtre 
Phiz 
Phlegm 
Phlegmatic 
Phoe'bus 
Phce'nix 
Phonetic 
Phonetics 
Pho'nograph 
Phonog'raphy 
Phos'phorous 
Phos'phorus 
Pho'tograph 
Photog'raphy 
Photolithog'raphy 
PhrasE (ed, ing) 
Phraseol'ogy 
Phrenol'ogy 
Phthi'sis 

Physic (ked, king) 
Physical 
Physi'eian 
Physics 
Physiog'nomy 
Physiol'ogy 
Physique^ 
Pi 

Pia'no-for'te 
Pick (ed, ing) 
Piek'axe 
Pick'erel 
Pic'klE (ed, ing) 



352 



SPELLING LIST. 



Piek'pocket 

Pie'nic 

Pieto'rial 

Pict'urE (ed.ing) 

Picturesque' 

Pie 

PieeE (ed, iug) 

Piece'work 

Pier 

PiereE (ed, ing) 

Pi'ety 

Pig'eon 

Pig'ment 

Pig'my 

Pig'sty 

Pilas'ter 

PilE (ed, ing) 

Piles 

Pil'fer (ed. ing) 

Pil'grim 

Pil'grimage 

Pill 

Pil'lage 

Pil'lory (ing), pillo 

ried 
Pil'low 
Pilot (ed, ing) 
Pin (ned, ning) 
Pin'afore 
Pin'cers 
Pinch (ed, ing) 
PinE (ed, ing) 
Pine'apple 
Pin'ion (ed, ing) 
Pink (ed, ing) 
Pin'nace 
Pint 
Pioneer' 
Pi'ous 
Pip 

PipE (ed, ing) 
Pi'quant 
PiquE (ed, ing) 
Piquet' 
Pi'racy 
Pi'rate 

PirouettE' (ed, iux> 
Piscato'rial 
Pis'catory 
Pis'ciculture 
Pish 
Pis'mire 
Pis'til 
Pis'tol 
Pis'ton 
Pit (ted, ting) 
Pitch (ed, ing) 
Pit'eous 
Pit'fall 
Pith 
Pith'y 
Pit'iable 
Pit'iful 
Pit'iless 
Pit'tance 
Pit'y (ing), pitied 
Piv'ot 
Pix 

Placard' (ed, ing) 
PlaeE (ed, ing) 
Plaeen'ta 
Plac'id 
Pla'giarism 
Pla'giarizE (ed, ing) 
PlaguE (ed, ing) 
Plaice 
Plaid 
Plain 
Plain'ness 
Plain'tiff 
Plain'tive 
Plait (ed, ing) 



Plan (ned, ning) 

PlanE (ed, ing) 

Plan'et 

Plank (ed, ing) 

Plant (ed, ing) 

Planta'tion 

Plaque 

Plash (ed, ing) 

Plas'ter (ed, ing) 

Plas'tic 

Plat (ted, ting) 

PlatE (ed, ing) 

Plat'en 

Plat'form 

Plat'inum 

Plat'itude 

Platon'ie 

Pla'tonisna 

Platoon' 

Plat'ter 

Plau'dit 

Plau'sible 

Play (ed, ing) 

Plea 

Plead (ed, ing) 

Pleas'ant 

Pleas'antry 

PleasE (ed, ing) 

Pleas'ure 

Plebe'ian 

Plebiscite 

PledgE (ed, ing) 

Ple'iads 

Ple'nary 

Plenipotentiary 

Plen'itude 

Plen'ty 

Pleth'ora 

Pleu'risy 

Pliabil'ity 

Pli'ancy 

Pli'ant 

Pli'ers 

Plight (ed, ing) 

Plod (ded, ding) 

Plot (ted, ting) 

Plough 

Plov'er 

Plow(ed, ing) 

Plow'share 

Pluck (ed, ing) 

Plug (ged, ging) 

Plum 

Plumb (ed, ing) 

Plumba'go 

Plumb'er 

PlumE (ed, ing) 

Plum'met 

Plump 

Plun'der (ed, ing) 

PlungE (ed, ing) 

Plu'ral 

Plurality 

Plus 

Plutoc'racy 

Plu'vial 

Plu'vious 

Ply (inpr), plied 

Pneumat'ic 

Pneumat'ics 

Pneumo'nia 

Poach (ed, ing) 

Pock'et 

Pock'-mark 

Pod 

Po'em 

Po'et 

Po'etess 

Poet'ic 

Po'etry 

Poi'gnancy 

Point 

Point'ing 



PoisE (ed, ing) 

Poi'son (ed,ing) 

Poi'sonous 

PokE (ed, ing) 

Po'ker 

Po'lar 

Pole 

Pole'-cat 

Polem'ics 

Pole'-star 

Police' 

Pol'iey 

Pol'ish (ed.ing) 

Polite' 

Polite'ness 

Pol'itic 

Politics 

Pol'ity 

Poll (ed, ing) 

PollutE'(ed,ing) 

Pollu'tion 

Po'lo 

Poltroon' 

Polychromat'ic 

Polyg'amy 

Pol'yglot 

Pol'ypus 

Polytech'nic 

Pol'ytheism 

Pom 'ace 

Pomegran'ate 

Pom'mel (ed, ing) 

Porno l'ogy 

Pomp 

Pom'poua 

Pond 

Pon'der (ed, ing) 

Pon'derous 

Pon'iard 

Pon'tiff 

Pontificate 

Po'ny 

Pool 

Poop 

Poor 

Pop (ped, ping) 

Pope 

Poplar 

Pop'py 

Pop'ulace 

Pop'ular 

Pop'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Por'celain 

Porch 

Poi^'cupine 

PorE (ed, ing) 

Pork 

Po'rous 

Por'poise 

Port 

Por'tal 

Porte 

Portend' (ed, ing) 

Por'tent 

Por'ter 

Portfolio 

Por'tion (ed, ing) 

Port'liness 

Por'trait 

Portray' (ed, ing) 

Pose ted, ing) 

Posi'tion 

Pos'itive 

Pos'se 

Possess' (ed, ing) 

Posses'sive 

Pos'sible 

Post fed, ing) 

Post'age 

Post'al 

Post'datE (ed, ing) 

Poste'rior 

Posterity 



Posfhumous 

Postil'ion 

Post mortem 

Post'-note 

Post'-omee 

PostponE' (ed, ing) 

Post pran 'dial 

Post'script 

Post'ure 

Pot 

Pot'ash 

Pota'to 

Po'tency 

Po'tent 

Poten'tial 

Pot'house 

Po'tion 

Pot'luek 

Pot'tage 

Pot'ter (ed, ing) 

Pot'tery 

Pouch 

Poul'tice 

Poul'try 

PouncE (ed, ing) 

Pound (ed, ing) 

Pour (ed, ing) 

Pout (ed, ing) 

Pov'erty 

Pow'der (ed.ing) 

Pow'er 

Pow 'erful 

Prac'tical 

Prac'ticE (ed, ing) 

Pragmat'ic 

Pragmat'ical 

Prai'rie 

PraisE (ed, ing) 

Praise 'worthy 

PrancE (ed, ing) 

PratE(ed, ing) 

Prat'tlE(ed, ing) 

Pray (ed, ing) 

Prayer 

Preach (ed, ing) 

Pre'amble 

Preca'rious 

Precau'tion 

PreeedE' (ed, ing) 

Prece'denee 

Prece'dency 

Precedent 

Pre'cept 

Precep'tive 

Preces'sion 

Pre'einct 

Pre'cious 

Prec'ipiee 

Precip'itatE (ed, ing) 

Precise' 

Precis'ion 

PrecludE' (ed, ing) 

Preco'cioiis 

Preconcert' (ed, ing) 

Preeur'sor 

Pred'atory 

Predeees'sor 

Predes'tinatE (ed.ing) 

Predestina'tion 

Predic'ament 

Pred'icate 

Predict' (ed, ing) 

Predic'tion 

Predilec'tion 

PredisposE' (ed, ing) 

Predom'inatE(ed ,ing) 

Pref acE (ed, ing) 

Prefatory 

Pre'fect 

Prefer' (red, ring) 

Preference 

Pre 'fix 

Preg 'nancy 



SPELLING LIST. 



353 



Prehistoric 

PrejudgE' (ed, ing) 

Prej'udicE (ed, ing) 

Prejudicial 

Prel'ate 

Preliminary 

Prel'ude 

Premature' 

Premed'itatE (ed, ing) 

Premiss' (ed, ing) 

Prem'ise 

Prem'ises 

Pre'mium 

Premonitory 

PreparE' (ed, ing) 

Prepay'(ing),prepaid 

Preponderance 

Preposi'tion 

Prepossess' (ed, ing) 

Prepos'terous 

Prerogative 

Pres'age 

PresagE' (ed, ing) 

Presbyte'rian 

Pres'bytery 

Pre'scienee 

PrescribE' (ed, ing) 

Prescription 

Pres'ence 

Pres'ent 

Present' (ed, ing) 

Present'iment 

Present'ment 

Preserva'tion 

PreservE' (ed, ing) 

PresidE' (ed, ing) 

Press (ed, ing) 

Press'ure 

Pres'tige 

PresumE' (ed, ing) 

Presump'tion 

Pretence' 

Pretend' (ed, ing) 

Pretention 

Pretermis'sion 

Preternat'ural 

Pre'text 

Pretty 

Prevail' (ed, ing) 

Prev 'alence 

Prev'alent 

Prevar'icatE (ed, ing) 

Prevent' (ed, ing) 

Preven'tion 

Pre'vious 

Prey (ed, ing) 

Price 

Prick (ed, ing) 

Pride 

Priest 

Prig 

Prim 

Pri'mal 

Pri'mary 

Pri'mate 

PrimE (ed, Ing) 

Prim'er 

Prime'val 

Prim'itive 

Prince 

Prin'cess 

Prin'eipal 

Prin'ciple 

Print (ed, ing) 

Pri'or 

Prior'ity 

Prism 

Prismatic 

Pris'on 

Pris'tine 

Pri'vate 

Privilege 

Priv'y 



PrizE (ed,ing) 

Pro 

Prob'able 

Pro'bate 

Proba'tion 

Probe 

Prob'ity 

Probos'cis 

Proced'ure 

Proceed' (ed, ing) 

Pro'cess 

Proees'sion 

Proclaim' (ed, ing) 

Proclivity 

Procras'tinatE (ed 

ing) 
Pro'creatE (ed, ing) 
Proeur'able 
Pro cur e' (ed, ing) 
Prodigal 
Prodigy 
ProducE' (ed, ing) 
Prod'uce 
Prod'uet 
Produc'tive 
ProfanE' (ed, ing) 
Profanity 
Profess' (ed, ing) 
Profes'sion 
Profes'sor 
Proffer (ed, ing) 
Pron'cieney 
Profit 
Profitable 
Profligate 
Profound' 
Profuse' 
Progenitor 
Prog'eny 
Prognosticate (ed, 

Pro'gramme 

Prog'ress 

Progress' (ed, ing) 

Progres'sive 

Prohibit (ed, ing) 

Prohibi'tion 

Project' (ed, ing) 

Proj'eet 

Prolific 

Prolix 

Prologue 

Prolong' (ed, ing) 

Promenade' 

Promis'euous 

PromlsE (ed, ing) 

PromotE' (ed, ing) 

Promo lion 

Prompt (ed, ing) 

Promul'gatE (ed, ing) 

Prone 

Pro'noun 

PronouncE' (ed, ing) 

Pronuncia'tion 

Proof 

Prop (ped, ping) 

Prop'agatE (ed, ing) 

Proper (led, ling) 

Prop'er 

Proph'ecy 

Proph'esy (ing)> 

prophesied 
Proph'et 
Prophetic 
Prophylac'tie 
Propi'tiatE (ed, ing) 
Propitia'tion 
Propi'tious 
Propor'tion (ed, ing) 
Propo'sal 
ProposE' (ed, ing) 
Proposi'tion 
Propri'ety 



ing) 



ProroguE' (ed, ing) 

ProscribE' (ed, ing) 

Proserip'tion 

ProsE (ed, ing) 

Pros'ecutE (ed, ing) 

Pros'elyte 

Pros'ody 

Pros'peet 

Prospeclus 

Pros'per (ed, 

Prosperity 

Pros'titutE (ed, ing) 

Prostitution 

Pros'trats (ed, ing) 

Prostra'tion 

Protect' (ed, ing) 

Protee'tion 

Protest' (ed, ing) 

Pro'test 

Prot'estant 

Protesta'tion 

Pro'toplasm 

Protract' (ed, ing) 

ProtrudE' (ed, ing) 

Protru'sion 

Protu'berance 

Proud 

ProvE (ed, ing) 

Prov'erb 

ProvidE' (ed, ing) 

Providence 

Providen'tial 

Province 

Provin'cial 

Provision 

Provoca'tion 

ProvokE' (ed, ing) 

Prow'ess 

Prowl (ed, ing) 

Proximity 

Proximo 

Prox'y 

Pru'denee 

Pruden'tial 

PrunE (ed, ing) 

Pry (ing) , pried 

Psalm 

Psal'ter 

Pseu'do 

Pseu'donym 

Psyehol'ogy 

Pty'alism 

Pu'berty 

Public 

Publican 

Publiea'tion 

Publicity 

Publish (ed, ing) 

Puck'er (ed, ing) 

Pud'dlE (ed, ing) 

Pudiclty 

Pu'erile 

Puer'peral 

Puff (ed, ing) 

Pu'gilist 

Pugna'eious 

Puis'sance 

PukE (ed, ing) 

Pull (ed, ing) 

Pul'monary 

Pulp 

Pul'pit 

Pul'satE (ed, injf) 

Pulse 

Pul'verizE (ed, ing) 

Pumice 

Pump (ed, ing) 

Pun 

Punch (ed, ing) 

Puneh'eon 

Punct'ual 

Punctuality 

Punet'uatE (ed, ing) 



Punctua'tion 

Punet'urE (ed, ing) 

Pun'gency 

Pun'gent 

Punish (ed, ing) 

Punishment 

Pu'ny 

Pup 

Pu'pil 

Pup 'pet 

Pup'py 

Pur 

Pur'blind 

Pur'chasE (ed, ing) 

Pure 

Purely 

Pur'gative 

Pur'gatory 

PurgE (ed, ing) 

Purifiea'tion 

Pu'rify (ing), puri 
fied 

Pu'ritan 

Puritanical 

Pu'rity 

Purl (ed, ing) 

Purloin' (ed, ing) 

Pur'ple 

Pur'port (ed, ing) 

Pur'pose 

Purr 

Purse 

PursuE' (ed, ing) 

Pursuit' 

Pur'ulent 

Purvey' (ed, ing) 

Pur' view 

Pus 

Push (ed. ing) 

Pusillanimous 

Pust'ule 

Put (ting) 

Putrefae'tion 

Putrefy (ing), putre- 
fied 

Pu'trid 

Puz'zlE (ed, ing) 

Py'semia 

Pyg'my 

Pyr'amid 

Pyretles 

Pyri'tes 

Pyr'omancy 

Pyroteeh'nic 

Py'thon 

Pyx 



Quack (ed, ing) 

Quadragesima 

Quad'rant 

Quad'rat 

Quadren'nial 

Quadrille' 

Quadroon' 

Quad'ruped 

Quad'ruple 

Quaff (ed, ing) 

Quail (ed, ing) 

Quaint 

QuakE (ed, ing) 

Quak'er 

Qualification 

Qualify (ing), qualt 

fied 
Quality 
Qualm 
Quan'dary 
~uantity 
_uarantine' 
Quar'reJ (ed, ing) 



354 



SPELLING LIST. 



Quar'relsome 
Q.uar'ry 
Quart 
Quar'ter 
Quar'ter-deek 
Quar'terly 
Quartette' 
Quar'to 
Quartz 

Quash (ed, ing) 
Quasi 

Quav'er (ed, ing) 
Quay- 
Queen 
Queer 

Quell (ed, ing) 
Quench (ed, ing) 
Quer'ulous 
Que'ry 
Quest 

Ques'tion (ed, ing) 
Ques'tionable 
Quib'ble 
Quick 

Quick'en (ed, ing) 
Quickly 
Quick'sand 
Quick'silver 
Quid 

Quies'cent 
Qui'et 
Qui'etude 
Quie'tus 
Quince 
Qui'nine 
Quin'sy 
Quintes'sence 
Quire 
Quirk 

Quit (ted, ting) 
Quite 

Quiv'er (ed, ing) 
Quixotic 
Quiz (zed, zing) 
Quoin 
Quoit 
Quon'dam 
Quo'rum 
Quo'ta 
Quota'tion 
QuotE (ed, ing) 
Quo'tient 



RabTjet 

R,ab'bi 

Rab'bit 

Rab'ble 

Rab'id 

Ra'bies 

Raccoon' 

Race 

Rack (ed, ing) 

Rack'et 

Ra'cy 

Ra'diant 

Ra'diatE (ed, ing) 

Rad'ical 

Rad'icle 

Ra'dius 

Raffle 

Rag 

Ragamuffin 



Raid 

Rail (ed, ing) 

Rail'lery 

Rai'ment 

Rain 

RaisE (ed, ing) 



Rai'sin 

RakE (ed, ing) 

Rak'ish 

Ral'ly (ing), rallied 

Earn 

Ram'blE (ed, ing) 

Ramifica'tion 

Ram'ify (ing), rami- 
fied 

Ram'pant 

Ram'part 

Ranch. 

Ran'cid 

Ran'cor 

Ran'eorous 

Ran'dom 

RangE (ed, ing) 

Rank (ed, ing) 

Ran'klE(ed, mg) 

Ran'sack (ed, ing) 

Ran'som (ed, ing) 

Rant (ed, ing) 

Rap 

Rapac'ity 

Rape 

Rap'id 

Rapid'ity 

Rap'ine 

Rapt 

Rapt'ure 

Rare 

Rar'efy (ing), rare- 
fled 

Rar'ity 

Ras'cal 



Rasp'berry 
Rat 

RatE (ed, ing) 
Rat'ify (ing), ratified 
Ra'tio 

Ratiocina'tion 
Ra'tional 
Rationale 
Rat'tlE (ed, ing) 
Rav'agE (ed, ing) 
RavE (ed, ing) 
Rav'el (ed, ing) 
Ra'ven 
Ravine' 

Rav'ish (ed, ing) 
Raw- 
Ray 

RazE(ed, ing) 
Reach (ed, ing) 
React' (ed, ing) 
Read (ing) 
Read'iness 
Read'y 
Re'al 
Real'ity 
Re'alizE (ed, ing) 
Real'ty 
Ream 

Reap (ed, ing) 
Rear (ed, ing) 
Rea'son (ed, ing) 
Reasonable 
Rebate' 
Reb'el 

Rebel' fled, ling) 
Rebellion 
Rebound' (ed, ing) 
Rebuff 

RebukE (ed, ing) 
Re'bus 

Rebut' (ted, ting) 
Recant' (ed, ing) 
Recapit'ulatE (ed,ing) 
ReeedE' (ed, ing) 
Receipt' (ed, inyr) 
fReceivE' (ed, ing) 



Re'cent 
Recipe 

Reeip'rocatE (ed, ing) 
Reciprocity 
RecitE' (ed, ing) 
Reck (ed, ing) 
Reck'on (ed, ing) 
Reclaim' (ed, ing) 
ReelinE' (ed, ing) 
Recluse' 
Recogni'tion 
Recog'nizance 
Ree'ognizE (ed, ing) 
Recollect' (ed, ing) 
Recommend' (ed, ing) 
Recommenda'tion 
Rec'ompensE (ed, iug) 
Rec'oncilE (ed, ing) 
Reconcilia'tion 
Rec'ondite 
Reconnoi'ter (ed, ing) 
Record' (ed, ing) 
Ree'ord 

Recount' (ed, ing) 
Recoup' (ed, ing) 
Recov'er (ed, ing) 
Ree'reant 
Rec'reatE (ed, ing) 
Recrea'tion 
ReerimlnatE (ed, ing) 
Recruit' (ed, iug) 
Rectiflea'tion 
Rec'tify (ing)-, recti- 
fied 
Rec'titude 
Rec'tor 
Rec'tory 
Rec'tum 
Recum'bent 
Reeu'peratE (ed, ing) 
Recur' (red, ring) 
Rec'usant 
Red 

Red'den (ed, ing) 
Redeem' (ed, ing) 
Redemption 
Red'olent 
RedoublE (ed, ing) 
Redoubt' 
Redound' (ed, ing) 
Redress' (ed, ing) 
RedueE' (ed.ing) 
Redu'cible 
Redun'dant 
Re-echo (ed, ing) 
Reed 
Reef 
Reek 

Reel (ed, ing) 
Refec'tory 
Refer' (red, ring) 
Referee' 
RefinE' (ed, ing) 
Refine'ment 
Refit' (ted, ting) 
Reflect' (ed, ing) 
Re'fiex 
Re'flux 

Reform' (ed, ing) 
Reforma'tion 
Refract' (ed, ing) 
Refrae'tory 
Refrain' (ed, ing) 
Refresh' (ed, ing) 
Refrig'eratE (ed, ing) 
Refuge 
Refugee' 
Refund' (ed, ing) 
RefusE' (ed, ing) 
Refuse 

RefutE' (ed.ing) 
Resain' (ed, ing) 
Re'gal 



RegalE' (ed, ing) 
Regard' (ed, iug) 
Regen'eratE (ed.ing) 
Regicide 
Regimen 
Register (ed, ing) 
Registra'tion 
Registry 
Regression 
Regret' (ted, ting) 
Reg'ular 

Reg'ulatE (ed, ing) 
RehabilltatE (ed.ing) 
RehearsE' (ed. nig; 
Reign (ed.ing) 
ReimbursE' (ed, ing) 
Rein 

ReinforcE' (ed, ing) 
Reins 

ReinstatE' (ed, ing) 
Reit'eratE (ed, ing) 
Reject' (ed, ing) 
RejoicE' (ed, ing) 
Rejoin'der 
Reju'venatE (ed, ing) 
RelapsE' (ed, iug) 
RelatE' (ed, ing) 
Rela'tion 
Rel'ative 
Relax' (ed, ing) 
Relay' 

ReleasE'(ed, ing) 
Rel'egatE(ed, ing) 
Relent' (ed, ing) 
Rel'evant 
Reli'able 
Relic 
Relict 
Relief 

RelievE' (ed, ing) 
Relinquish (ed, ing) 
Relish (ed, ing) 
Relue'tance 
Rely' (ing), relied 
Remain' (ed, ing) 
Remain'der 
Remand' (ed, ing) 
Remark' (ed, ing) 
Remark'able 
Rem'edy 

Remem'ber (ed, ing) 
Remem'brance 
Remembrancer 
Remind' (ed, ing) 
Reminis'cence 
Remiss' 

Remit' (ted, ting) 
Remit'tent 
Rem'nant 
Remon'strance 
Remon'stratE (ed, 
ing) 



Remote' 
Remov'al 
RemovE' (ed, ing) 
Remu'neratE (ed, ing) 
Rend (ing), rent 
Ren'der (ed, ing) 
Ren'dezvous 
Ren'egade 
Renew' (ed, ing) 
RenouncE' (ed, ing) 
Ren'ovatE (ed, ing) 
Renown' 
Rent (ed, ing) 
Renuncia'tion 
Reor'ganizE (ed, ing) 
Repair' (ed, ing) 
Repara'tion 
Repartee' 
Repast' 
Repealled, ing) 



SPELLING LIST. 



Hi 



Repeat' (ed, ing] 
Kepel' (led, ling) 
Repent' (ed tag) 
Rep'ertory 
Repetition 
Repins' (ed, ing) 
Replen'isli (ed, ing) 
Replete' 
Replev'in 

Reply' (tag), replied 
Report' (ed, tag) 
ReposE' (ed, tag) 
Repository 
Reprehen'sible 
Represent' (ed, ing) 
Representation 
Representative 
Repress' (ed, ing) 
ReprievE' (ed, tag) 
Reprimand' (ed, ing 
Reprint' (ed, tag) 
Reproach.' (ed, ing) 
Rep'robatE (ed, ing) 
ReprodueE' (ed, ing) 
Reproof 
ReprovE' (ed, ing) 
Rep'tile 
Repub'lie 
Republican 
Repu'diatE (ed, ing) 
Repug'nance 
RepulaE' (ed, tag) 
Repul'sive 
Reputa'tion 
Request' 
Re'quiem 
RequirE' (ed, ing) 
Requisi'tion 
RequitE' (ed, ing) 
Rescind' (ed, tag) 
Res'euE (ed, tag) 
Research.' 
Resem'blance 
Resem/blE (ed, ing) 
Resent' (ed, tag) 
ReservE' (ed, ing) 

ResidE' (ed, tag) 
Res'idue 

Resid'uum 

Resign' (ed, ing) 

Res in 

Resist' (ed, tag) 

Resist'ible 

Res'olute 

Resolu'tion 

ResolvE' (ed.tag) 

Resort' (ed, ing) 

Resource' 

Respect' (ed, ing) 

Respect'able 

RespirE' (ed, tag) 

Res'pite 

Respond' (ed, tag) 

Response' 

Respon'sible 

Rest 

Resto'rative 

RestorE' (ed, tag) 

Restrain' (ed, tag) 

Restrict' (ed, tag) 

Result' 

ResuniE' (ed, tag) 

Resurrect' (ed, ing) 

Resus'eitatE (ed, tag) 

Retail' (ed, ing) 

Retain' (ed, ing) 

Rstal'iatE (ed, ing) 

Retard' (ed, tag) 

Retch (ed, ing) 

Reten'tive 

Ret'ieenee 

Ret'ina 

RetirE'(ed,ing) 



Retort' (ed, ing) 
Retract' (ed, tag) 
Retreat' (ed, ing) 
Retrench' (ed, ing) 
Retribu'tion 
Retrib'utive 
RetrievE' (ed, ing) 
Ret'rograde 
Ret'rospeet 
Return' (ed, ing) 
Reveal' (ed, ing) 
Rev'el (ed, tag) 
Revela'tion 
E,ev'elry 

RevengE' (ed, tag) 
Rev'enue 
ReverE' (ed, ing) 
Rev'erencE (ed, ing) 
Rev'erend 
Rev'erent 
Rev'erie 

ReversE' (ed, tag) 
Revers'ible 
Revert' (ed, tag) 
Review' (ed,ing) 
RevilE' (ed, tag) 
RevisE' (ed, ing) 
Revi'val 
RevivE' (ed, tag) 
Reviv'ify (ing),reviv 

ified 
RevokE' (ed, tag) 
Revolt' (ed, ing) 
Revolt'ing 
Revolu'tionizE (ed 

tag) 
RevolvE' (ed, tag) 

Reward' (ed, tag) 

Rhap'sody 

Rliet'orie 

Rheu'matism 

Rhinoc'eros 

Rhu'barb 

RhymE (ed, ing) 

Rhythm 

Rib 

Bib'aldry 

Rib'bon 

Rice 

Rich 

Rick 

Rick'ets 

Ricochet' 

Rid fding), ridded 

Rid'dance 

Rid'dle 

RidE (tag), ridden 

Rid'ieulE (ed, ing) 

Ridic'ulous . 

Rife 

Riffraff 

Ri'flE (ed, tag) 

Rift 

Rig (ged, ging) 

Right 

Right'eous 

Rig'id 

Rig'or 

Rill 

Rime 

Rind 

Ring (ing), rung 

Ring'worm 

RinsE (ed, ing) 

Ri'ot (ed, ing) 

Rip (ped, ping) 

Ripa'rian 

Ripe 

Ri'pen (ed, ing) 

Rip'plE (ed, tag) 

RisE (tag), rose, risen 

Ris'ible 

Risk (ed, ing) 



Rite 
Rit'ual 

Ri'val (ed, tag) 
Ri'valry 

RivE (ing), rived, riv- 
en 
Riv'et (ed, ing) 
Road 

Roam (ed, ing) 
Roan 

(ed, ing) 
Roast (ed, tag) 
Rob (bed, bing) 
Robust' 
Rock (ed, tag) 
Rock'et 
Rod 
Ro'dent 
Roe 

Roe'buck 
Roga'tion 
Rogue 
Rogu'ish 
Role 

Roll (ed, ing) 
Rollic (ked, king) 
Ro'man 
Romance' 
Roman'tie 

Romp 

Rood 

Roof 

Rook 

Room 

Roost 

Root (ed, tag) 

Rope 

Ro'sary 

Rose 

Ros'ter 

Ros'trum 

Ro'sy 

Rot (ted, ting) 

Ro'tatE (ed, ing) 

Rote 

Rot'ten 

Rouge 

Rough 

Rough/en (ed, ing) 

Round 

Round'about 

Rouse (ed, ing) 

Rout (ed, tag) 

Route 

Routine' 

Rove (ed, tag) 

Row (ed, tag) 

Row'dy 

Roy'al 

Rub (bed, bing) 

Rub'ber 

Rub'bish 

Ru'bric 

Rud'dy 

Rude 

Ru'diment 

Rudiment'al 

Rudiment'ary 

Rue (ed, ing) 

Ruff 

Ruf'flE (ed, ing) 

Rug 

Ru'in (ed.'ing) 

RulE (ed, ing) 

Rurn'blE (ed, ing) 

Ru'minant 

Ru'minatE (ed, ing)' 

Rum'magE (ed, tag) 

Ru'mor 

Rump 

Rum'plE (ed, tag) 

Rum'pus 

Run (ntag), ran 



Rung 

Runt 

Rupt'ure 

Ru'ral 

Ruse 

Rush 

Rusk 

Rus'set 

Rust 

Rus'tie 

Rus'ticatE (ed, ing) 

Rus'tie 

Rut 

Ruthless 

Rye 



Sa'bal 

Sab'aoth 

Sabbata'rian 

Sab'bath 

Sa'ble 

Sa'bre 

Sac 

Sac'charine 

Saeerdo'tal 

Sa'ehem 

Saek(ed, tag) 

Saek'cloth 

Saeque 

Sae'rament 

Sa'cred 

Sac'riflcE (ed, ing) 

Sac'rilege 

Sacrile'gious 

Sad 

Sad'den (ed, tag) 

Sad'dlE (ed, tag) 

Safe 

Safe'ty 

Sag (ged, ging) 

Sagae'ity 

Sage 

Sa^go 

il 
Sail'or 
Saint 

ala'cious 
Sal'ad 
Sal'ary 
Sale 
Salient 
Saline' 
Sali'va 

Sal'ivatE (ed, tag) 
Sai'low 

Sal'ly (ing), sallied 
Saloon' 
Sal'sify 
Salt 

Sal'tatory 
Salu'brious 
Saluta'tion 
SalutE' (ed, ing) 
Sal'vage 
Salva'tion 
Salve 
Sal'vo 
Same 
Sam'ple 
Sanatorium 
San'atory 

Sanc'tify (tag), sancti- 
fied 
Sanctimo'nious 
Sane'tion 
Sanct'uary 
Sane'tum 
Sand 

Sand'wich 
Sane 
San'guinary 



356 



SPELLING LIST. 



San'guine 
Sanitary 
Sanity 

Sap (ped, ping) 
Sa'pient 
Sapona'ceous 
Saporifle 
Sap'pliire 
Sar'ca^m 
Sarcas'tie 
Sareoph'agus 
Sar'dine 
Sardonic 
Sar'donyx 
Sash. 
Sa'tan 
Satcli'el 
SatE fed, ing) 
Sat'ellite 
Sa'tiatE(ed, ing) 
Sati'ety 
Satire 
Satir'ieal 
SatlrizE (ed, lng) 
Satisfac'tory 
Satisfy (iiig),satisfted 
Sat'uratE (ed, ing) 
Sat'urnine 
Sa'tyr 
Saucer 
Sau'ey 

Saun'ter (ed, ing) 
Sau'rians 
Sav'age 
Savant' 
SavE (ed, ing) 
Sav'mg 
Sav'iour 
Sa'vor (ed, ing) 
Sa'vory 
Saw- 
Say (ing), said 
Scab 

Seab'bard 
Scarfold 
Scald (ed, ing) 
ScalE (ed, ing) 
Scal'lop 
Scalp (ed, ing) 
Scal'pel 
Sea'ly 
Scamp 

Seam'per (ed, ing) 
Scan (ned, uing) 
Sean'dal 
Scant 

Seape'grace 
Scar (red, ring) 
Scarce 

SearE (ed, ing) 
Seare'erow 
Searfskin 
Scar'ify (ing), scari- 
fied 
Scarlet 

Sca't'ter (ed, ing) 
Scav'enger 
Scene 
See'nery 
Scent (ed, ing) 
Scep'ter 
Scep'tie 
&cep'tical 
Seep'tieism 
Sched'ule 
ScliemE (ed, ing) 
Schism 
Schol'ar 
Scholarship 
School 
Sciat'iea 
Sci'enee 
Scientific 



Scientist 

Scin'tillatE (ed, ing) 

Sei'on 

Seir'rhous 

Scir'rhus 

Seis'sors 

Scoff (ed, ing) 

Scold (ed, ing) 

Scoop 

Scope 

Scorch (ed, ing) 

ScorE (ed, ing) 

Scorn (ed, ing) 

Seor'pion 

Seot'-free 

Seoun'drel 

Scour (ed, ing) 

ScourgE (ed, ing) 

Scout (ed, ing) 

Scowl (ed, ing) 

Serag'gy 

Scram'blE (ed, ing) 

Scrap 

Scrap e (ed, ing) 

Scratch (ed, iiv) 

Scrawl (ed, v«t$; 

Scream (ed, >ng) 

Screech (ed, ing) 

Screen (ed, ing) 

Scrib'blE (ed, ing) 

Scribe 

Scrimp 

Scrip 

Script 

Script'ure 

Scrofula 

Scroll 

Scrub (bed, bing) 

Scru'ple 

Scru'pulous 

Scru'tinizE (ed, ing) 

Scru'tiny 

Scud (ded, ding) 

Scuf flE (ed, ing) 

Scull 

Sculp'tor 

Sculp'ture 

Scum 

Ssurf 

Scurril'ity 

Scur'rilous 

Seur'vy 

Scut'tlE (ed, ing) 

Scythe 

Sea 

Seal (ed, ing) 

Seam 

Seam'stress 

Sea'port 

Sear (ed, iner) 

Search (ed "ing) 

Sea'son (r-d, ing) 

Sea'sonaole 

Seasoning 

Seat 

Sea'weed 

Sea'worthy 

Seba'eeous 

SecedE' ted, ing) 

Seees'sion 

SecludE' (ed, ing) 

Seelu'sion 

See'ond (ed, ing) 

Secondary 

Se'crecy 

Se'cret 

Sec'retary 

SecretE' (ed, ing) 

Secre'tion 

Secre'tiveness 

Sect 

Secta'rian 

Sec'ular 



SecurE' (ed, ing) 

Seeu'rity 

Sedate' 

Sed'ative 

Sed'entary 

Sed'iment 

Sedi'tion 

SedueE' (ed, ing) 

Sed'ulous 

See (ing), saw, seen 

Seed 

Seed'y 

Seek (ing), sought 

Seem (ed, ing) 

Seem'ly 

Seer 

SeethE (ed, ing) 

Seg'ment 

Seg'regatE (ed, ing) 

Seine 

Seismol'ogy 

SeizE(ed, ing) 

Sel'dom 

Select' (ed, ing) 

Selec'tion 

Self 

Selfish 

Sell (ing), sold 

Sel'vage 

Sel'vedge 

Sem'blance 

Sem'i 

Semicolon 

Sem'inal 

Sem'inary 

Semitic 

Sen'ate 

Sen'ator 

Senato'rial 

Send (ing). sent 

Senes'cence 

Seliile 

Senior 

Seniority 

Sensa'tion 

Sense 

Sen'sible 

Sensitive 

Sen'sual 

en'tencE (ed, ing) 
Senten'tioua 
Sen'tient 
Sen'timent 
Sen'tinel 
Sen'try 

Sep'aratE (ed, ing) 
Se'poy 
Septem'ber 
Sep'tic 

Septuagenarian 
Septuages'ima 
Sep'ulehre 
)'ulture 
Se'quel 
Se'quence 
Seques'ter (ed, ing) 
Ser'aph 
Sere 
Serene' 
Serf 
Serge 
Ser'geant 
Ser'ieulture 
Se'ries 
Se'rious 
Serlnon 
Se'rous 
Ser'pent 
Ser'pentine 
Se'rum 
ServE (ed, ing) 
Ser'v ice 
Ser'vile 



Servil'ity 

Ser'vitude 

Ses'sion 

Set (ting) 

Set'off 

Settee' 

Set'tlE (ed, ing) 

Sev'en 

Sev'enteen 

Sev'enty 

Sev'er (ed, ing) 

Sev'eral 

Sev'eralty 

Severe' 

Sew (ed, ing) 

Sew'age 

Sewer 

Sew'erage 

Sex 

Sexagena'rian 

Sexages'ima 

Sex'tant 

Sex'ton 

Sextuple 

Sex'ual 

Shab'by 

Shae'klE (ed, ing) 

Shad 

ShadE (ed, ing) 

Shad'ow 

Shag'gy 

Shah 

ShakE (ing), shook, 

shaken 
Shak'er 
Sha'ky 
Shale 
Shal'low 
Sliam (med, mir.g) 
Sham'blE (ed, ing) 
ShamE(ed.ing) 
Shampoo' (ed, ing) 
Sliam'roek 
Shank 

ShapE (ed, ing) 
Shape'ly 
SharE (ed, ing) 
Shark 
Sharp 

Sharp'en (ed, ing) 
Sharply 
Sharpshooter 
Shat'ter (ed, ing) 
ShavE (ed, ing) 
She 
Sheaf 
Shear (ing), sheared, 

shorn 
Shears 
Sheath 

Sheaths (ed, ing) 
Sbed (dinp-) 
Sheen 
Sheep 
Sheep'ish 
Sheer (ed, ing) 
Sheet 
Sheik 
Shek'el 
Shell 
Shel'lae 
Shell fish 
Shel'ter (ed, ing) 
ShelvE (ed, ing) 
Shelving 
Shemit'ic 
Sheol 
Shep'herd 
Sheriff 
Shew'bread 
Shib'boleth 
Shield (ed, ing) 
Shift (ed, ing* 



SPELLING LIST. 



357 



SMftlesS 

Shillalah 

Shilling 

Shim'mer (ed, ing) 

Shin 

ShinE (ing), shone 

Shin'glE (ed, ing) 

Shin'gles 

Shin'ney 

Ship (ped, ping) 

Ship'shape 

Ship'wreck 

Shirk (ed, ing) 

Shirt 

Shiv'er (ed, ing) 

Shoal 

Shoat 

Shock (ed, ing) 

Shod'dy 

Shoe (ing), shod 

Shoot (ing), shot 

Shop (ped, ping) 

Shoplifter 

ShorE (ed, ing) 

Short 

Short'coming 

Shorfhand 

Shot 

Shoul'der (ed, ing) 

Shout (ed, ing) 

Shov'el (ed, ing) 

Show (ing), showed, 

shown 
Show'er 
Shred 
Shrew 
Shrewd 
Shriek (ed, ing) 
Shrievalty 
Shrill 
Shrine 
Shrink (ing), shrank, 

shrunk 
ShrivE (ed, ing) 
Shriv'el (ed, ing) 
Shroud 
Shrub 
Shrug 

Shud v der (ed, ing) 
Shuf'fiE (ed, ing) 
Shun died, ning) 
Shut (ting) 
Shut'tle 
Shut'tlecoek 
Shy (ing), shied 
Sibilant 
Sib'yl 
Siek 

Siek'en (ed, ing) 
Sio'kle 
SidE (ed, ing) 
Side'real 
Si'dlE (ed, ing) 
Siege 
Sies'ta 
Sift (ed, ing) 
Sigh (ed, ing) 
Sight 

Sightliness 
Sign 

Sig'nal (ed, ing) 
Sig'nalizE (ed, ing) 
Sig'nally 
Sig'nature 
Significant 
Sig'nify (ing), signi 

fled 
SilencE (ed, ing) 
Silent 
Sil'ica 
Sib/cious 
Silk 
Silken 



Silk'y 

Silly 

Silt 

Sil'ver 

Similar 

Simile 

Similitude 

Sim'mer (ed, ing) 

Sim'ony 

Sim'ple 

Sim'pleton 

Simplicity 

Sim'plify (ing), sim 

plifled 
Sim'ulatE (ed, ing) 
Simulta'neous 
Sin 

Sincere' 
Sin'ecure 
Sin'ew 

Sing (ing), sang, sung 
SingE (ed), singeing 
Sin'glE (ed, ing) 
Sin'gular 
Sinister 

Sink (ing), sank, sunk 
Sinner 
Sin'uous 
Sip (ped, ping) 
Si'phon 
Sir 
Sire 
Si'ren 
Siroe'eo 
Sis'ter 

Sit (ting), sat 
Site 

Sit'uated 
Six 

Six'teen 
Six'ty 
Size 
Sizing 
Skate 
Skein 
Skel'eton 
Skep'tie 
Skep'tical 
Skep'ticism 
Sketch 
Skill 

Skim (med, ming) 
Skin 
Skin'ny 
Skip (ped, ping) 
Skir'mish 
Skit'tish 
Skulk (ed, ing) 
Skull 
Skunk 
Sky 

Skylarking 
Slab 
Slack 
Slaek'en (ed, ing) 

SlakE (ed, ing) 

Slam (med, ming) 

Slan'der (ed, ing) 

Slang 

Slap 

Slash (ed, ing) 

Slate 

Slat'tern 

Slaugh'ter 

Slave 

Sla'ver 

Slav'er 

Sla'very 

Slay (ed, ing) 

Sleave 

Sled 

Sledge 



Sleek 

Sleep (ing), slept 

Sleep'y 

Sleet 

Sleeve 

Sleigh 

Sleight 

Slen'der 

Sley 

Slice 

SlidE (ing), slid, slid- 

den 
Slight (ed, ing) 
Siily 
Slim 
Slime 

Sling (ing), slung 
Slink (ing), slunk 
Slip (ped, ping) 
Slip'pery 
Slit (ted, ting) 
Sliv'er 

Slob'ber (ed, ing) 
Slo'gan 

Slop (ped, ping) 
Slope 
Slot 
Sloth 

Slouch (ed, ing) 
Slough (ed, ing) 
Slough'y 
Slov'en 
Slow 
Sludge 
Slug'gish 
Sluice 
Slum 

Slum'ber (ed, ing) 
Slur (red, ring) 
Slush 
Slut 
Sly 
Slyly 

Smack (ed, ing) 
Small 
Small pox' 
Smart (ed, ing) 
Smash (ed, ing) 
Smear (ed, ing) 
Smell (ing), smelled, 

smelt 
Smelt (ed, ing) 
Smelt'er 
SmilE (ed, ing) 
Smirk (ed, ing) 
SmitE (ing), smote, 

smitten 
Smock 

SmokE (ed, ing), 
Smooth (ed, ing) 
Smother (ed, ing), 
Smoul'der (ed, ing) 
SmudgE (ed, ing) 
Smug'glE (ed, ing) 
Smut 

Smutch (ed, ing) 
Snag 
Snail 
Snake 

Snap (ped, ping) 
Snap'pish 
Snare 

Snarl (ed, ing) 
Snatch (ed, ing) 
Sneak (ed.ing) 
Sneer (ed, ing) , 
SneezE (ed, ing) 
Sniff (ed, ing) 
Snip (ped, ping) 
Sniv'el (ed, ing) 
Snob 

SnoozE (ed, ing) 
SnorE (ed, ing) ♦ 



Snort (ed, ing) 

Snout 

Snow 

Snub (bed, bing) 

Snuff (ed. ing) 

Snuf'fiE (ed, ing) 

Snug 

Snug'glE (ed, ing) 

So 

Soak (ed, ing) 

Soap 

Soar (ed. ing) 

Sob (bed, bing) 

So'ber 

Sobriquet' 

So'ciable 

So'cial 

So'cialism 

Soci'ety 

Socinlan 

So'da 

Sodality 

Sola 

Soft 

Soft'en (ed. ing) 

Soil (ed, ing) 

So'journ (ed, ing) 

Sol'acE (ed, ing) 

Solar 

Sol'der (ed, ing) 

Sole 

Sol'ecism 

Sol'emn 

Sol'emnizE (ed, ing) 

Solicit (ed, ing) 

Solicita'tion 

Solicitude 

Solid 

Solid'ify (ing), solidi 

fled 
Solidity 

Solil'oquizE (ed, ing) 
Solil'oquy 
Solitaire' 
Solitary 
Solitude 
Sol'stiee 
Sol'uble 
Solu'tion 
SoIve (ed, ing) 
Solv'eney 
Solv'ent 
Som'bre 
Some 

Som'ersault 
Some'thing 
Some'what 
Somnam'bulism 
Som'nolence 
Son 
Song 
Son'net 
Sono'rous 
Soon 
Soot 

SoothE (ed, ing) 
Sooth'sayer , 
Soot'y 
Sophism 
Soph'ist 
Soporific 
Sorcerer 
Sor'cery 
Sor'did 
Sore 

Sororlcide 
Sor'row (ed, ing) 
Sor'ry 

Sort (ed, ing) 
Sortie' 
Sot 

Sot'tish 
Soul 



358 



SPELLING LIST. 



Soulless 


Spiritual 


Sound (ed, ing) 


Spiritualism 


Soup 


Spirituality 


Sour 


Spirituelle' 


Source 


Spis'sated 


Sour'ly 


Spit (ting) 


Souse (ed, ing) 


Spite 


South 


Spit'flre 


Southeast' 


Spit'tle 


South'ern 


Spittoon' 


Southerner 


Splash (ed, ing) 


South'ron 


Spleen 


Southwest' 


Splen'did 


Souvenir' 


Splen'dor 


Sov'ereign 


SplicE (ed, ing) 


Sovereignty 


Splint 


Sow (ed, ing), sown 


Splin'ter 


Soy 


Split (ting) 


Spa 


Splut'ter i,ed, ing) 


Space 


Spoil (ed, ing) 


Spa'cious 


Spoke 


Span (ned, ning) 


Spo'liatE(.ed,ing) 


Spank (ed, ing) 


Spolia'tion 


Spar (red, ring) 


Sponge 
Spongy 


SparE (ed, ing) 


Spar'klE (ed, ing) 


Spon'sor 


Sparklingly 


Spontaneity 


Sparrow 


Spontaneous 


Sparse 


Spoon 


Spasm 


Spoon'ey 
Sporadic 


Spasmodic 


Spat 


Sport 


Spat'ter (ed, ing) 


Sportive 


Spawn 


Spot 


Speak (ing), spoke 


Spouse 


Speak'er 


Spout 


Spear 


Sprain (ed, ing) 


Spe'cial 


Sprawl (ed, ing) 


Spe'cialist 


Spray 


Spe'eialty 


Spread (ing) 


Spe'eie 


Spree 


Specific 


Sprig 


Speciflca'tion 


Sprightly 


Specify (ing), speci- 


Spring (ing), sprang 


fied 


sprung 


Spec'imen 


Sprin'klE (ed, ing) 


Spe'eious 


Sprite 


Speck 


Sprout (ed, ing) 


Speck'lE (ed, ing) 


Spruce 


Spec'taele 


Spry 


Specta'tor 


Spume 


Spec'tre 


Spur (red, ring) 


Spec'ulatE (ed, ing) 


Spulious 


Specula'tion 


Spurn (ed, ing) 


Speech 


Spurt (ed, ing) 


Speed (ed, ing), sped 


Sput'ter (ed, ing) 


Spell (ed, ing) 


Spy 


Spell'bound 


SquabldE (ed, ing) 


Spend i ing), spent 


Squad 


Spend'thrift 


Squad'ron 


Spermace'ti 


Squall 


Spew (ed, ing) 


Squal'or 


SDhere 


Squan'der (ed, ing) 

Square 

Squat (ted, ting) 


Spner'ical 
bpherom'eter 


Sphmc'ter 


Squeak 


Sphinx 


Squeal (ed, ing) 


Spice 


Squeamish 


Spi'cy 


SqueezE (ed, ing) 


Spig'ot 
Spike 


Squelch (ed, ing; 


Squib 


Spike'nard 


Squint (ed, ing) 
Squirm (ed, ing) 


Spile 


Spill (ed, ing), spilt 


Squirt (ed, ing) 


Spin (ning), spun 


Stab (bed, bing) 


Spin'ach 


Stability 


Spin'age 
Spi'nal 


Sta'ble 


Stack 


Spin'dle 


Staff 


Spine 


Stag 


Spin'ster 


Stag'ger (ed, ing) 


Spi'ral 


Stag'nant 


Spirit 


Stag'natfi (ed, ing) 



Staid 

Stain (ed, ing) 

StakE (ed, ing) 

Stalac'tite 

Stale 

Stalk (ed, ing) 

Stall 

Stall'ion 

Stal'wart 

Stamina 

Stam'mer (ed, ing) 

Stamp (ed, ing) 

Stanrpede 

Stanch (ed, ing) 

Stand (ing), stood 

Stand'ard 

Stan'za 

Sta'ple 

Star 

Star'board 

Starch 

Star'chy 

StarE (ed, ing) 

Stark 

Start (ed, ing) 

Star'tlE (ed, ing) 

StarvE (ed, ing) 

StatE (ed, ing) 

State'ly 

State'ment 

States'man 

Stat'ies 

Sta'tion (ed, ing) 

Sta'tionary 

Sta'tionery 

Stat'uary 

Stat'ue 

Stat'ure 

Sta'tus 

Stat'ute 

Stat'utory 

Staunch 

StavE(,ed, ing) 

Stay (ed, ing) 

Stead 

Stead'fast 

Stead'y (ing), stead 
ied 

Steak 

Steal (ing), stole, sto- 
len 

Stealth 

Steam (ed, ing) 

Steel 

Steel'yard 

Steep fed, ing) 

Stee'plechase 

Steer (ed, ing) 

Steer'age 

Stellar 

Stem (med, ming) 

Stench 

Stenog'raphy 

Stento'rian 

Step(ped, ping) 

Step 'mother 

Steppe 

Stereoscope 

Ster'eotype 

Sterile 

SterllizE (ed, ing) 

Sterling 

Stern 

Sternly 

Ster'num 

Ster'torous 

Stet 

Steth'oscope 

Steve'dore 

Stew (ed, ing) 

Stew'ard 

Stick (ing), stuck 

Stie'klE (ed, ing) 



Stickle* 

Stick'y 

Stiff 

Stiffen (ed, ing) 

Sti'fiE (ed, ing) 

Stig'ma 

Stig'matizE (ed, ing) 

Stile 

Still (ed, ing) 

StiU'born 

Stim'ulant 

Stim'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Stim'ulus 

Sting (ing), stung 

Sthrgy 

Stink 

Stint (ed, ing) 

Sti'pend 

Stip'plE (ed, ing) 

Stip'ulatE (ed, ing) 

Stir (red, ring) 

Stitch (ed, ing) 

Stock (ed, ing) 

Stockade' 

Stockbroker 

Stocking 

Stocks 

Stock'y 

Sto'ical 

Stole 

Stolid 

Stom'ach 

Stomachic 

Stom'ach-pump 

StonE (ed, ing) 

Sto'ny 

Stool 

Stoop (ed, ing) 

Stop (ped, ping) 

Stop'page 

Stop'ple 

Stop watch 

Stor'age 

StorE (ed, ing) 

Stork 

Storm (ed, ing) 

Sto'ry 

Stout 

Stoutly 

Stow (ed, ing) 

Stow'away 

Strad'dlE (ed, ing) 

Strag'glE (ed, ing) 

Straight 

Straight'en (ed, ing) 

Strain (ed, ing) 

Strait 

Strait'en (ed, ing) 

Strait'-jacket 

Strait'-laced 

Strand (ed, ing) 

Strange 

Stran'glE (ed, ing) 

Strangula'tion 

Strap 

Strap'per 

Strata 

Strat'agem 

Strat'egy 

Stratifica'tion 

Straw 

Stray (ed, ing) 

Streak 

Stream (ed, ing) 

Street 

Strength 

Strengthen (ed , ing) 

Stress 

Stretch (ed, ing) 

Strew (ed,ing),strewn 

Strict 

Strictly 

Stnet'ure 



SPELLING LIST. 



359 



StridE (ing), strode, 
stridden 

Strife 

StrikE (ing), struck 

String 

Strin y gent 

Strip (ped, ping) 

StripE (ed, ing) 

StrivE (ing), strove, 
striven 

StrokE(ed,ing) 

Stroll (ed, ing) 

Strong 

Struct'ure 

Strug'glE (ed, ing) 

Strunrpet 

Strut (ted, ting) 

Strych'nine 

Stub'born 

Stue'co 

Stud (ded, ding) 

Stu'dent 

Stu'dio 

Stu'dious 

Stud'y (ing), studied 

Stuff (ed, ing) 

Stuffy 

Stul'tify (ing), stulti- 
fied 

Stum'blE (ed, ing) 

Stump (ed, ing) 

Stun (ned, ning) 

Stunt (ed, ing) 

Stupefac'tion 

Stu'pefy (ing), stupe- 
fied 

Stupen'dous 

Stu r pid 

Stu'por 

Stur'dy 

Stur'geon 

Stut'ter (ed, ing) 

Sty 

StylE (ed, ing) 

Sty'lish 

Stylographle 

Styp'tie 

Suav'ity 

Subal'tern 

SubdividE' (ed, ing) 

Subdivision 

Subdu'able 

SubduE' (ed, ing) 

Subja'cent 

Subject' (ed, ing) 

Sub'ject 

Subjec'tion 

Subjee'tive 

Subjoin' (ed, ing) 

Sub'jugatE (ed, ing) 

Subj une'tive 

Sublime' 

Sublim'ity 

Submarine' 

SubmergE' (ed, ing) 

Submis'sion 

Submis'sive 

Submit' (ted, ting) 

Subordinate 

Suborn' (ed, ing) 

Subpoe'na 

SubscribE' (ed, ing) 

Subsequent 

SubservE' (ed, ing) 

Subser'vient 

SubsidE' (ed, ing) 

Sub'sidizE (ed, ing) 

Sub'sidy 

Subsist' (ed, ing) 

Sub'stanee 

Substan'tial 

Substan'tiatE (ed,ing) 

Sub'stantive 



Sub'stitutE (ed, ing) 


Suo'ple 


Swirl (ed, ing) 


Sub'terfuge 


Sup'plement (ed, ing) 


Switch 


Sub' tile 


Sup'pliant 


Swiv'el 


Sub'tle 


Sup'plicant 


Swoon (ed, ing) 


Subtract' (ed, ing) 


Sup'plicatE (ed, ing) 


Swoop (ed, ing) 


Sub'urb 


Supply' (ing), sup- 


Sye'ophant 
Syllable 


Suburb'an 


plied 


Subver'sion 


Support' (ed, ing) 


Syllabus 


Subvert' (ed, ing) 


Suppose' (ed, ing) 


Syllogism 


Sub'way 


Suppositi'tious 


Sylph 


Sue'eeed (ed, ing) 


Suppress' (ed, ing) 


Syl'van 


Success' 


Sup'puratE (ed, ing) 


Sym'bol 


Sueees'sion 


Suppura'tion 


Symbolic 


Succinct' 


Suprem'acy 


Symbolical 


Sue'cor (ed, ing) 


Supreme' 


Sym'bolizE (ed, ing> 


Succumb' (ed, ing) 


Surcharge' 


Symmet'rical 


Suck (ed, ing) 


Sure 


Sym'metry 


Suck'er 


Sure'ty 


Sympathetic 
Sym'pathizE (ed, ing) 


Suek'lE (ed, ing) 


Surf 


Sud'den 


Sur'face 


Sym'pathy 


Sue (ed, ing) 


Sur'feit (ed, ing) 


Sym'phony 


Su'et 


SurgE (ed, ing) 
Sur'gery 


Sympo'sium 


Suffer (ed, ing) 


Symp'tom 


Sufferance 


Sur'gical 


Syn'chronism 


SuffieE' (ed, ing) 
Suffi'cient 


Surly 

SurmisE' (ed, ing) 


Syn'ehronizE (ed, ing) 
Syn'eope 


SuffoeatE (ed, ing) 


Surmount' (ed, ing) 


Syn'dicate 


Suffrage 


Sur'name 


Syn'od 


SuffusE' (ed, ing) 


Surpass' (ed, ing) 


Syn'onym 


Sug'ar 


Surplice 


Syn'onyme 


Suggest' (ed, ing) 


Sur'plus 


Synon'ymous 


Sugges'tive 
Suicide 


SurprisE' (ed, ing) 
Surren'der (ed, ing) 


Synop'sis 
Syn'tax 


Suit (ed, ing) 


Surrepti'tious 


Syn'thesis 


Suit'able 


Sur'rogate 


Syringe 


Suite 


Surround' (ed, ing) 


Syr'up, or Sirup 


Suit'or 


Surveillance 


Sys'tem 


Sulk (ed, ing) 


Survey' (ed, ing) 


Systematic 


Sul'len 


Sur'vey 


Sys'tematizE (ed, ing) 


Sul'ly (ing), sullied 


Survi'val 


Systemic 


Sul'pbur 
Sul'try 


SurvivE' (ed, ing) 




Suscep'tible 




Sum 


Suspect' (ed, ing) 


T 


Sum'mary 
Sum'mit 


Suspend' (ed, ing) 
Suspense' 


Tab'ard 


Sum'mon (ed, ing) 


Suspen'sion 


Tab'ernacle 


Sumpt'uary 


Suspi'cion 


Ta'ble 


Sumpt'uous 


Sustain' (ed, ing) 


Tablet 


Sun (ned, ning) 


Sus'tenance 


Taboo' (ed, ing) 


Sun'der (ed, ing) 
Sun'dry 


Sustenta'tion 
Su'ture 


Tab'ulatE (ed, ing) 
Tacit 


Sun'ny 


Swab (bed, bing) 


Taciturn 


Sup (ped, ping) 
Superabound' (ed, 


Swag 


Tack (ed, ing) 


Swag'ger (ed, ing) 
Swal'low (ed, ing) 


Tact 


ing) 


Tacti'eian 


Superabundance 


Swamp 


Tac'tics 


Superan'nuatE (ed, 


Swan 


Tad'pole 


„ ia ^ , , 


Swap (ped, ping) 


Taff'rail 


Superb' 


Sward 


Tag 


Super car'go 


Swarm (ed, ing) 


Tail 


Supercil'ious 


Swart h'iness 


Taint (ed, ing) 


Superer'ogation 


Swarth'y 


TakE (ing), took 


Supererog'atory 


Swath 


Tal'apoin 


Superfi'eial 


Swathe 


Talc 


Superfine' 


Sway (ed, ing) 


Tale 


Superfiu'ity 


Swear (ing), swore, 


Tal'ent 


Superfluous 


sworn 


Talk (ed, ing) 


Superbu'man 


Sweat (ed, ing) 


Talk'ative 


Superintend' (ed, ing) 


Sweep (ing), swept 


Tall 


Superintend'ent 


Sweep'stakes 


Tallow 


Supe'rior 


Sweet 


Tally (ing), tallied 


Superiority 


Sweefbread 


Tallyho' 


Super'lative 


Sweet'heart 


Tal'mud 


Supernat'ural 


Swell (ed. ing) 


Tal'on 


SuperseribE' (ed, ing) 
SupersedE' (ed, ing) 


Swel'ter (ed, ing) 


Tam'arind 


SwervE (ed, ing) 


Tambourine' 


Supersti'tion 


Swift 


TamE (ed, ing) 


Supersti'tious 


Swill (ed, ing) 


Tam'per (ed, ing) 


Superstructure 


Swim (ming), swam, 


Tan (ned, ning) 


SupervenE' (ed, ing) 


swum 


Tan'dem 


SupervisE' (ed,ing) 


Swin'dlE (ed, ing) 


Tan'gent 


Supervi'sor 


Swine 


Tan'gible 


Supine' 


Swing (ing), swung 


Tan'gle 



360 



SPELLING LIST. 



Tank 
Tan'nin 
Tan'sy 

Tan'talizE (ed, ing) 
Tan'tamount 
Tap (ped, ping) 
Ta'per 
Tape' worm 
Tapio'ea 
Ta'pir 
Tar 

Taran'tula 
Tar'dy 
Tare 
Tar'get 
Tariff 

Tar'nish -"ed, ing) 
Tarpau'l.n 
Tar'ry (ing), tarried 
Tarsometatar'sus 
Tarsot'omy 
Tart 
Tar'tar 
Task 
Tas'sel 
TastE (ed, ing) 
Taste'ful 
Tat'tLE (ed, ing) 
Tattoo' (ed, ing) 
Taunt (ed, ing) 
Taut 

Tautolog'ical 
Tautol'ogy 
Taw'dry 
Taw'ny 
Tax (ed, ing) 
Taxa'tion 
Tax'idermy 
Teach (ing), taught 
Team 

Tear (ing), tore, torn 
TeasE (ed, ing) 
Teat 

Tech'nical 
Technology 
Te'dious 
Teem (ed, ing) 
Teeto'taler 
Tel'egram 
Tel'egraph (ed, ing) 
Teleg'raphy 
Tel'ephonE (ed, ing) 
Tel'escope 
Tell (ing), told 
Temer'ity 
Tem'per (ed, ing) 
Tem'perament 
Tem'peranee 
Tem'perate 
Tem'perature 
Tem'pest 
Tem'poral 
Temporarily 
Tem'porary 
Tem'porizE (ed, ing) 
. Tempt (ed, ing) 
Ten'able 
Tenac'ity 
Ten'ant 
Tend (ed, ing) 
Terid'ency 
Ten'der (ed, ing) 
Ten'dernesa 
Ten'et 
Ten'nis 
Tense 
Ten'sion 
Ten'tative 
Ten'ure 
Tep'id 

Tergiversa'tion 
Term 
Ter'rnagant 



Ter'minatE (ed, ing) 

Terminol'ogy 

Ter'minua 

Terres'trial 

Ter'rible 

Ter'rify ( ing) .terrified 

Ter'ritory 

Ter'ror 

Terse 

Test (ed, ing) 

Tes'tament 

Testa'tor 

Tes'ticle 

Tes'tify (ing),testified 

Testimo'nial 

Tes'tirnony 

Test'y 

Tet'anus 

Text 

Text'ure 

Thank (ed, ing) 

Thanks'giving 

Thatch (ed, ing) 

Thaumatur'gist 

Thaw (ed, ing) 

The'atre 

Theft 

The'ism 

Theme 

Then 

Thence 

Theoc'racy 

Theolo'gian 

Theol'ogy 

Theoph'any 

The'orist 

The'orizE (ed, ing) 

The'ory 

Therapeu'tics 

There 

Thermom' eter 

The'sia 

Thick 

Thick'en (ed, ing) 

Thief 

Thigh 

Thin 

Thing 

Think (ing), thought 

Thirst 

Thith'er 

Thong 

Tho'rax 

Thor'ough 

Thor'oughfare 

Though 

Thought 

Thousand 

Thral'dom 

Thrash (ed, ing) 

Threat 

Threat' en (ed, ing) 

Thresh (ed, ing) 

Thresh'old 

Thrift 

Thrill (ed, ing) 

ThrivE (ing), throve, 

thriven 
Throat 

Throb (bed, bing) 
Throe 
Throne 
Throng 

Throt'tlE (ed, ing) 
Through 
Throughout' 
Throw (ing), thrown 
Thrust (ing) 
Thumb 

Thump (ed, ing) 
Thus 

Thwart (ed, ing) 
Thyme 



Tia'ra 

Tick (ed, ing) 

Tiek'lE (ed, ing) 

Tid'bit 

Tide 

Ti'dy 

TiE, tied, tying 

Tiff 

Tift 

Ti'ger 

Tight 

Till (ed, ing) 

Tilt (ed, ing) 

Tim'ber 

Tim'bre 

TimE (ed, ing) 

Timely 

Tim 'id 

Tin 

Tinct'urE (ed, ing) 

Tinge 

Tin'glE (ed, ing) 

Tin'klE (ed, ing) 

Ti'ny 

Tip (ped, ping) 

Tip'plE (.ed, ing) 

Tip'sy 

Tirade' 

TirE (ed, ing) 

Tis'sue 

Tit'bit 

Tithe 

Titilla'tion 

Ti'tle 

Tit'ter (ed, ing) 

Tit'tle 

To 

Toad 

Toad'y 

Toast (ed, ing) 

To-day' 

Tod'dlE (ed, ing) 

Toe 

Togeth'er 

Toil (ed, ing) 

Toilet 

Toilette 

Tol'eratE (ed.ing) 

Toll (ed, ing) 

Tomb 

Tomfool'ery 

Ton 

Tone 



Tongue 
Tonic 
Ton'sure 
Too 
Tool 

Toot (ed, ing) 
Tooth 
Top 
Top'ic 

Topog'raphy 
Top'plE (ed, ing) 
Torment' (ed, ing) 
Tor'ment 
Torna'do 
Torpe'do 
Tor'pid 
Tor'por 

Tor'refy (ing), torre- 
fied 
Tor'rent 
Tor'rid 
Tor'sion 
Tor'so 

Tort'urE (ed, ing) 
Toss (ed, ing) 
To'tal 
Totality 
Tot'ter (ed, ing) 
Touch (ed, ing) 
Touch'y 



Tough 

Tour 

Tour'ist 

Tour'nament 

Tour'ney 

Tow (ed, ing) 

Tow'ard 

Tow'ards 

Tow'el 

Tow'er 

Town 

Town'ship 

Toxieol'ogy 

Toy (ed, ing) 

TracE (ed, ing) 

Trace'able 

Tra'chea 

Track (ed, ing) 

Tract 

Tradable 

TradE (cd, ing) 

Tradi'tion 

TraducE' (ed, ing) 

Traffic 

Trag'edy 

Trail (ed, ing) 

Train (ed, ing) 

Trait 

Trai'tor 

Tram'mel (ed, ing) 

Tramp (cd, ing) 

Tram'plE (ed, ing) 

Trance 

Tran'quil 

Tranquillity 

Transact' (ed, ing) 

Transatlantic 

Transcend' (ed, ing) 

Transcenden'tal 

TranscribE' (ed, ing) 

Transfer' (red, ring) 

Transfer'able 

Transfig'urE (ed, ing) 

Transfix' (ed, ing) 

Transform' (ed, ing) 

Transgress' (ed, ing) 

Tran'sient 

Tran'sit 

Transition 

Tran'sitory 

TranslatE' (ed, ing) 

Transmit' (ted, ting) 

Transmu'table 

Transparent 

TranspirE' (ed, ing) 

Transport' (ed, ing) 

Trans'port 

TransposE' (ed, ing) 

Transubstantia'tion 

Trap 

Trash 

Trav'ail 

Trav'el (ed, ing) 

Trav'eler 

Trav'ersE (ed, ing) 

Trav'esty 

Trawl 

Tray 

Treach'erous 

Tread (ing), 

trodden 
Trea'son 
Treas'ure 
Treas'ury 
Treat (ed, ing) 
Trea'tise 
Trea'ty 
Treble 

Trem'blE (ed, ing) 
Tremen'dous 
Trem'or 
Trend 
Trepan' (ned, ning) 



trod, 



SPELLING LIST. 



361 



Trephine' 

Trepidation 

Tres'pass (ed, ing) 

Tres'sel 

Tres'tle 

Trey 

Tri'al 

Tri'angle 

Tribula'tion 

Tribu'nal 

Trib'utary 

Trib'ute 

Triehi'na 

Trick (ed, ing) 

Trick'ery 

Trie'klE (ed, ing) 

Tri'eyele 

Trien'nial 

Tri'flE (ed, ing) 

Trigonom'etry 

Trill 

Tril'ogy 

Trim (med, ming) 

Trinita'rian 

Trin'ity 

Tri'o 

Trip (ped, ping) 

Tripartite 

Trip'le 

Triplet 

Tri'pod 

Trite 

Trit'uratE (ed, ing) 

Tri'umph (ed, ing) 

Trium'phant 

Tri'une 

Triv'ial 

Troll (ed, ing) 

Trol'iy, or Trolley 

Trope 

Tro'phy 

Tropica 

Trot 

Troth. 

TroublE (ed, ing) 

Trough. 

TrouneE (ed, ing) 

Trou'sers 

Trousseau' 

Trow'el 

Tru'ant 

Truce 

True'klE (ed, ing) 

Truc'ulent 

TrudgE (ed, ing) 

True 

Truism 

Truly 

Trump (ed, ing) 

Txum'pet 

Trun'eatE (ed, ing) 

Trun'dlE (ed, ing) 

Trunk 

Truss 

Trust (ed, ing) 

Truth 

Try (ing), tried 

Tryst 

Tube 

Tu'ber 

Tu'bercle 

Tuft 

Tug (ged, ging) 

Tui'tion 

Tum'blE (ed, ing) 

Tu'mefy (ing), tume 

fled 
Tu'mid 
Tu'nior 
Tu'mult 
Tumult'uous 
Tun 
TunE (ed, ing) 



Tun'nel 

Tur'ban 

Tur'bid 

Tur'bulent 

Tureen' 

Turf 

Tur'gid 

Tur'moil 

Turn (ed, ing) 

Turn'key 

Turn'table 

Tur'pentme 

Tur'pitude 

Tur'tle 

Tusk 

Tus'sle 

Tu'telage 

Tu'tor 

Twad'dle 

Twain 

Twang (ed, ing) 

Tweez'ers 

Twice 

Twig 

Twilight 

TwinE (ed, ing) 

Twinge 

TwnrklE (ed, ing) 

Twirl (ed, ing) 

Twist (ed,ing) 

Twitch (ed, ing) 

Tym'pan 

Tym'panum 

Type 

Ty'phoid 

Ty'phus 

Typical 

Typify (ing),typified 

Typographic 

Typog'raphy 

Tyrannical 

Tyr'annizE (ed, ing) 

Tyr'anny 

Ty'rant 

Ty'ro 



U 

Ubiq/uitous 

Ubiq'uity 

U'ehees 

U'dal 

Ud'der 

Udom'eter 

Ugliness 

Ugly 

Ukase' 

Ul'cer 

Ul'eeratE (ed, ing) 

Uleera'tion 

Ul'eerous 

Ulte'rior 

Ul'timate 

Ultimately 

Ultima'tum 

Ul'timo 

Ul'tra 

Ultramarine' 

Ultramontane 

Um'brage 

Umbra'geous 

Umbrella 

Um'pire 

Una'ble 

Unaeeep'table 

Unaccomplished 

Unaceount'able 

Unaecount'ably 

Unadvis'able 

Unaffeet'ed 

Unal'terable 

Unal'terably 



Unanimity 

Unanimous 

Unanimously 

Unanswerable 

Unapproach'able 

Unassuming 

Unattractive 

Unavailing 

Unavoid'able 

Unavoid'ably 

Unawares' 

Unbear'able 

Unbeknown' 

Unbelief 

Unbeliev'er 

Unbelieving 

Unbend' (ing),unbent 

Unbi'assed 

Unbind' (ing), un- 
bound 

Unblemished 

Unblest' 

Unblushing 

Unbolt' 

Unborn' 

Unbos'om (ed, ing) 

Unbound'ed 

Unbri'dled 

Unbur'den (ed, ing) 

Uncer'tain 

Uncer'tainty 

Uncharitable 

Unchris'tian 

Un'cial 

Uncivil 

Uncivilized 

Unclasp' 

Un'cle 

Unclean' 

Uneom'fortable 

Uncom'mon 

Uneom'promising 

Unconcern' 

Unconcerned' 

Uncondi'tional 

Uneon'querable 

Uncon'seionable 

Uneon'scious 

Uneonstitu'tional 

Unconstit ution al'ity 

Uncontrollable 

Unconvert'ed 

Uncour'teous 

Uncouth' 

Uncov'er (ed, ing) 

Une'tion 

Unct'uous 

Unet'uousness 

Undaunt'ed 

Undeni'able 

Un'der 

Un'der-clothes 

Un'dercurrent 

Undergo' (ing), 
dergone 

Un'dergrowth 

Underhand' 

Underlay' (ing), 
derlaid 

Un'derline 

UnderminE' (ed, ing) 

Underneath' 

Underpinning 

UnderratE' (ed, ing) 

Un'derscorE (ed, ing) 

Undersell' 

Understand'(ing), un- 
derstood 

UndertakE' (ing), un- 
dertook 

Undertak'er 

Undertaking 



un- 



un- 



Underval'uE (ed, ing)IUnluck'y 



Un'derwear 

Un'derwriter 

Undesign'ing 

Undetermina'tion 

Undis'ciplined 

Undo' (ing), undid 

Undone' 

Undoubt'ed 

Undress' (ed, ing) 

Undue' 

Undula'tion 

Unduly 

Undying 

Unearth/ 

Unea'sily 

Unea'siness 

Uneas'y 

Une'qual 

Unequiv'oeal 

Unerr'ing 

Unerringly 

Unfaith'ful 

Unfast'en (ed, ing} 

Unfeign'edly 

Unflllal 

Unfit' 

Unfit'ness 

Unfold' (ed, ing) 

Unforeseen' 

Unfor'tunate 

Unfound'ed 

Unfurl' (ed, ing) 

Ungainly 

Ungen'erous 

Ungift'ed 

Ungird' 

Ungodliness 

Ungodly 

Ungov'ernable 

Ungraee'ful 

Ungra'cious 

Ungrate'ful 

Ungrudging 

Un'guent 

Unhap'pily 

Unhap'pinesa 

Unhap'py 

Unhar'ness 

Unhealth'ful 

Unhealth 'fulness 

Unhealthlness 

U'nieorn 

U'niform 

Uniformity 

Unimpeach'able 

Unin'terested 

Uninterrupted 

Union 

Tj nique' 

U'nison 

U'nit 

Unita'rian 

UnitE' (ed, ing) 

Uni'tedly 

U'nity 

Univer'sal 

Univer'salist 

U'niverse 

Univer'sity 

Unjust' 

Unkempt' 

Unkind' 

Unkind'ness 

UnlaeE' (ed, ing) 

Unlade' 

Unlaw'ful 

Unless' 

Unlike' 

Unlimited 

Unload' (ed, ing) 

Unlock' (ed, ing) 

UnloosE' (ed, ing) 



362 



SPELLING LIST. 



Unman'nerly 

Unmean'ing 

Uniner'ciful 

T'l'umer'cifully 

Unmistak'able 

U nnat'urai 

Unnecessa'rily 

Unnecessary 

UnnervE' (ed, ing) 

Unosteiita'tious 

Unpal'atable 

Unpar'alleled 

Unpar'donable 

Unpleas'ant 

Unpop'ular 

Unprecedented 

Unprejudiced 

Unpretend'ing 

Unprin'cipled 

Unproductive 

Unprofitable 

Unqualified 

Unquestionable 

Unrav'el(ed, ing) 

Unrea'sonable 

Unregen'erate 

Unrelent'ing 

Unremit'ting 

Unreserved' 

Unrest' 

Unright'eous 

Unrrvaled 

Unroll' (ed, ing) 

Unruffled 

Unru'ly 

Unsafe' 

Unsa'vory 

Unscathed' 

Unscrew' (ed, ing) 

Unseru'pulous 

Unsearch'able 

Unsea'sonable 

Unseem'ly 

Unseen' 

Unset'tlE (ed, ing) 

UnsheathE' (ed, ing) 

Unshrmk'mg 

Unsightliness 

Unsightly 

Unskill'ful 

Unskill'fulness 

Unso'ciable 

Unsophis'ticated 

Unspeak'able 

Unspot'ted 

Unsta'ble 

Unsteadily 

Unstead'y 

Unsuccess'ful 

Unsuit'able 

Unswerv'ing 

Unten'able 

Unthink'ing 

UntiE (ed), untying 

Until' 

Untimely 

Untir'ing 

Unto' 

Untold' 

Untow'ard 

Untrav'eled 

Untrue' 

Untruth' 

Untwine' 

Unu'sual 

Unut'terable 

Unvar'nished 

Unveil' (ed.ing) 

Unwa'rily 

Unwarrantable 

Unwa'ry 

Unwea'ried 

Unwell' 



Unwhole'some 
Unwield'y 
Unwind' (iug), un- 
wound 
Unwit'tingly 
Unwont'ed 
Unwor'thily 
Unwor'thiness 
Unwor'thy 
Unwrap' 
Unwrit'ten 
Unyield'ing 
UnyokE' (ed, ing) 
Up 

Upbraid' (ed, ing) 
UpheavE' (ed, ing) 
Uphold' (ing), upheld 
Up'holster (ed, ing) 
Up'holsterer 
Up'land 
Upon' 
Up'per 
Up'right 
Up'roar 
Uproar'ious 
Upset' (ting) 
Up'shot 
Up'side 
Up'start 
Up'ward 
Ur'ban 
Urbane' 
Urban'ity 
Ur'chin 
Ure'thra 
UrgE (ed, ing) 
Urgency 
Ur'gent 
U'rinal 
U'rinary 
U'riuate 
U'rine 
Urn 

Ur'suline 
Us'able 
U'sage 
Use (ed, ing, 
Use'ful 
Use'less 
Ush'er 
U'sual 
U'surer 
Usurp' (ed, ing) 
Usurpation 
U'sury 
Uten'sil 
U'terus 
Utilita'rian 
Util'ity 

U'tilizE (ed, ing) 
Ut'most 
Uto'pian 
Ut'ter (ed, ing) 
Ut'terable 
Ut'terance 
Ut'terly 
Ut'termost 
Uxo'rious 



Va'cancy 

Va'cant 

Va'catE (ed, ing) 

Vaca'tion 

Vac'cinatE (ed, ing) 

Vaccina'tion 

Vac'cine 

Vac'illatE (ed, ing) 

Vacilla'tion 

Vacu'ity 



Vae'uum 

Vag'abond 

Va'gary 

Vagi'na 

Va'graney 

Va'grant 

Vague 

Vain 

Vale 

Valedieto'rian 

Valedic'tory 

Val'entine 

Vale'rian 

Val'et 

Val'iant 

Val'id 

Valise' 

Val'ley 

Val'or 

Val'uable 

Valua'tion 

Val'uE (ed, ing) 

Valve 

Valv'ular 

Vam'pire 

Van'dal 

Vane 

Vanilla 

Van'ish (ed, ing) 

Van'ity 

Van'quish (ed, ing) 

Vap'id 

Va'por 

Va'riable 

Varia'tion 

Var'icose 

Va'riegatE (ed, ing) 

Variega'tion 

Vari'ety 

Va'rioloid 

Va'rious 

Var'nish (ed, ing) 

Va'ry (ing), varied 

Vase 

Vas'sal 

Vast 

Vault (ed, ing) 

Vaunt (ed, iug) 

Veal 

Veer (ed, ing) 

Veg'etable 

Vegeta'rian 

Veg'etatE (ed, ing) 

VeTiemenee 

Ve'hiele 

Veil (ed, ing) 

Vein 

Vellum 

Veloc'ipede 

Veloc'ity 

Vel'vet 

Velveteen' 

Ve'nal 

Vend (ed, ing) 

Veneer' (ed, ing) 

Ven'eratE (ed, ing) 

Vene'real 

Venge'anee 

Ve'nial 

Ven'om 

Vent 

Ven'tilatE (ed, ing) 

Vent'urE (ed, ing) 

Ven'turesome 

Vera'cious 

Verae'ity 

Veran'da 

Verb 

Ver'bal 

Verba'tim 

Verbose' 

Verbos'ity 

Ver'dancy 



I Verdict 
Verge 
Ver'ify (ing), verified 
Ver'ily 

Verisimil'itude 
Ver'itable 
Ver'mifuge 
Vermil'ion 
Ver'min 
Vernae'ular 
Ver'nal 
Versatile 
Versatil'ity 
Versiflca'tion 
Ver'sify (ing), versi- 
fied 
Ver'sion 
Ver'tebra 
Ver'tieal 
Ver'tigo 
Ves'sel 
Vest (ed, ing) 
Ves'tige 
Ves'try 
Vetch 
Vet'eran 
Vet'erinary 
Ve'to (ed, ing) 
Vex (ed, ing) 
Vexa'tion 
Via 
Vial 

Vi'bratE (ed, ing) 
Vice 
Viein'ity 
Vi'cious 
Vic'tim 

Vic'timizE (ed, ing) 
Vie'tor 
Vict'uals 
ViE (ed), vying 
View (ed, ing) 
Vig'il 
Vig'ilanee 
Vignette' 
Vig'or 
Vig'orous 
Vile 

Vil'ify (ing), vilified 
Villa 
Vil'lain 
Vil'lainy 
Vim 

Vin'dicatE (ed, ing) 
Vindie'tive 
Vine'yard 
Viol 

Vi'olatE (ed, ing) 
Vi'olence 
Vi'per 
Vir'gin 
Vi'rile 
Vir'tue 
Vir'tuous 
Vir'ulent 
Vi'rus 
Vis'cid 
Vis'cous 
Vise 
Vis'ion 
Vis'it red, ing) 
Vi'tal 
Vital'ity 
Vi'tiatE (ed, ing) 
Vit'rify (ing) , vitrified 



Vitu'peratE 1 
Viva'cious 



ing) 



Viv'id 

Viv'ify (ing), vivified 

Vivisec'tion 

Vocab'ulary 

IVo'cal 



SPELLING LIST. 



363 



Voca'tion 

Vosif eratE (ed, ing) 
Vociferous 
Voice 

Void (ed, ing) 
Vol'atile 
Volca'no 
Voli'tion 
Vol'uble 
Volu'minoup 
Vol'untai-y 
Volunteer' (ed, ing) 
Volup'tuary 
Volup'tuous 
Vomit (ed, ing) 
Vora'cious 
Vor'tex 
Vo'tary 
VotE (ed, ing) 
i- Vouch (ed, ing) 
VouehsafE' (ed, ing) 
Vow(ed, ing) 
Vow'el 
Voy'age 
Vul'gar 
Vulgar'ity 
Vul'gate 
Vulnerable 
Vul'ture 



W 

"Wad 

Wad'dlE (ed, ing) 

"WadE (ed, ing) 

Wa'fer 

"Waft (ed, ing) 

"Wag (ged, ging) 

WagE (ed, ing) 

Wa'ger (ed, ing) 

Wag'on 

Waif 

Wail (ed, ing) 

Wam'scot 

Waist 

Wait (ed, ing:) 

WaivE (ed, ing) 

WakE (ed, ing) 

Wak'en (ed, ing) 

Walk (ed, ing) 

Wal'low (ed, ing) 

Wan 

Wan'der (ed, ing) 

WanE (ed, ing) 

Want (ed, ing), 

Wan'ton 

War 

War'blE (ed, ing) 

Ward (ed, ing) 

War'den 

Wareliouse 

War'fare 

Warm 

Warmth. 

Warn (ed, ing) 

Warp (ed, ing) 

Warrant (ed, ing) 

Wart 

Wa'ry 

Wash (ed, ing) 

Wash'stand 

Wasp 

WastE (ed, ing) 

Waste'ful 

Watch (ed, ing) 

Watch'ful 

Wa'ter (ed, ing) 

Wa'tershed 

"Wa'ter spout 

Wa'tery 

Wat'tle 



WavE (ed, ing) 
Wa'ver (ed, ing) 
"Wax (ed, ing) 
Wax'y 
Way 

Way'farer 
Waylay' (ing), way- 
laid 
Way 'ward 
Weak 

Weak'en (ed, ing) 
Weak'ness 
Weal 
Wealth 
Wealth'y 
Wean (ed, ing) 
Wear (ing), wore 

worn 
Wea'riness 
Wea'risome 
Wea'ry (ing),wearied 
Wea'sel 
Weath'er 
WeavE (ing), wove, 

woven 
Wea'zen 
Web 

Web' footed 
Wed (ding), wedded 
Wedge 
Wed'lock 
Weed 
Weed'y 
Week 
Week'ly 
Weep (ing), wept 
Wee'vil 
Weigh (ed, ing) 
Weight 
Weight'ily 
Weight'y 
Weird 

Wel'comE (ed, ing) 
Weld (ed, ing) 
Welfare 
Well 

Well'-being 
Well-nigh' 
Welsh'er 
Welt 

Wel'ter (ed, ing) 
Wen 

Wend (ed, ing) 
Wesleyan 

Wet (ting) 

Weth'er 

Wet' -nurse 

Whack 

Whale 

Whale'bone 

Whal'er 

Wharf 

Wharfage 

Wharves 

Whatev'er 

Whatsoev'er 

Wheat 

Wheat'en 

Whee'dlE (ed, ing) 

"Wheel (ed, ing) 

WheezE (ed, ing) 

Whelm (ed, ing) 

Whelp 

When 

"Whence 

Where 

Where'about 

Where'abouts 

Whereas' 

Whereat' 

Whereby' 

Where'fore 

Wherein' 



Whereof 
Whereon' 
Whereupon' 
Wheresoev'er 
Whereto' 
Whereunto' 
Wherev'er 
Wherewith' 
Wherewithal' 
Whet (ted, ting) 
Whet'stone 
Whew 
Whey 
Whiff 
Whig 
While 
Whil'om 
Whim 

Whim'per (ed, ing) 
Whim'sieal 
WhinE (ed.ing) 
Whin'ny (ing), whin- 
nied 
Whip 

Whir (red, ring) 
Whirl (ed, ing) 
vVhirl'pool 
Whirl'wind 
Whisk 
Whis'key 
Whis'per (ed, ing) 
Whist 

Whis'tlE (ed, ing) 
Whit 
White 
White'bait 
Whi'ten (ed, ing) 
Whith'er 
Whit'low 
iWhiz (zed, zing) 
Whole 
Wholesale 
Whole'some 
Wholly 
Whomsoev'er 
Whoop (ed, ing) 
Whooping-cough 
Whor'tleberry 
Whosoev'er 
Wick 
Wiek'ed 
Wick'et 
Wide 

Wi'den (ed, ing) 
Widg'eon 
Wid'ow 
Wid'ower 
Width 

Wield (ed, ing) 
Wife 
Wig 

Wig'wam 
Wild 

Wil'derness 
Wild'ness 
Wile 
Wiliness 
Will (ed, ing) 
Will'ful 
Will'fully 
Wi'ly 

Win (ning), won 
WincE (ed, ing) 
Winch 

Wind (ing), wound 
Wind'lass 
Win'dow 
Wind'pipe 
Wind'ward 
Wind'y 
Wine 
Wing 
Wink (ed, ing) 



Win'now (ed, ing) 

Win'some 

Win'ter 

WipE (ed, ing) 

Wire 

Wire'puller 

Wir'y 

Wis'dom 

Wise 

Wish (ed, ing) 

Wisp 

Wist'ful 

Wit 

Witch 

Witeh'ery 

With 

Withal' 

Withdraw' (ing), 

withdrawn 
Withe 

With'er (ed, ing) 
With'ers 

W ithhold' (ing), with- 
held 
Within' 
Without' 
Withstand' (ing) 

withstood 
Wit'less 
Wit'lessly 
Wit'ness (ed, ing) 
Wit'tieism 
Wit'tiness 
Wit'ty 
Wiz'ard 
Wiz'en (ed, ing) 
Woad'-waxen 
Woe 

Woe'ful, or Wo'ful 
Wold 
Wolf 

Wom'an 

Wom'anish 

Wom'ankind 

Wom'anly 

Womb 

Wom'bat 

Won'der (ed, ing) 

Won'derful 

Won'drous 

Wont 

Wont'ed 

Woo (ed, ing) 

Wood 

Wood'-eut 

Wood'en 

Woodland 

Woo'er 

Woof 

Wool 

Wool'en 

Word 

Word'y 

Work (ed,ing) 

Work'man 

Work'manship 

World 

Worldliness 

Worldling 

Worldly 

Worm (ed, ing) 

Worm'y 

Wor'ry (ing), wop 
ried 

Worse 

Wor'ship (ed, ing) 

Wor'shiper 

Worst (ed, ing) 

Wors'ted 

Worth 

Wor'thily 

Worthless 

Wor'thy 



364 



SPELLING LIST. 



Wound (ed, ing) 

Wraith. 

Wran'glE (ed, ing) 

Wrap (.ped.piug) 

Wrap'per 

Wrath 

Wrath'ful 

Wreak (ed, ing) 

Wreath 

WreathE(ed. ing) 

Wreck (ed, ing) 

Wren 

Wrench (ed, ing) 

Wrest (eti, ing) 

Wres'tlE (ed. ing) 

Wretch 

Wretch'ed 

Wrig'glE (ed, ing) 

Wright 

Wring (ing), wrung 

Wrin'klE (ed, ing) 

Wrist 

WritE (ing), wrote, 

written 
Writ'er 

WrithE(ed,ing) 
Wrong (ed, ing) 
Wrong ful 
Wrong'ly 



Wroth 


Yawn (ed, ing) 


Zeal 


Wry 


Yea 


Zeal'ot 


Wynn 


Year 


Zeal'ous 




Year'ling 


Zeal'ously 


X 


Year'ly 


Ze'bra 




Yearn (ed, ing) 


Ze'bu 


Xan'thine 


Yeast, or Yest 


Zena'na 


Xe'bec 


Yelk 


Zend-Avesta 


Xeroph'agy 


Yell 


Zen'ith 


Xeroph'thalmy 
Xero'res 


Yelp (ed, ing) 
Yeo'man 


Zeph'yr 
Ze'ro 


Xiph'oid 


Yes 


Zest 


Xy'lite 


Yes'terday 


Zig'zag ' 


Xy'lograph 


Yew 


Zinc 


Xylog'raphy 


Yield (ed, ing) 


Zincog'raphy 


Xyloph'agan 


YokE (ed, ing) 


Zir'con 


Xy'lophone 


Yolk 


Zith'er 


Xys'ter 


Yon 


Zo'diac 




Yon'der 


Zone 


Y 


Yore 


Zoolog'ical 


Yacht 


Young 


Zool'ogist 


Yachts'man 


Young'ster 


Zool'ogy 


Ya'hoo 


Youth 


Zooph'agous 


Yak 


Youth'ful 


Zo'ophyte 


Yam 


Yule'tide 


Zoot'omy 


Yank (ed, ing) 




Zounds 


Yard 


Z 


Zygo'ma 


Yarn 


Zam'bo 


Zygomat'ie 


Yawl 


Ze'a 


Zymot'ic 



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